메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 8, Issue 1, 2005, Pages 87-116

How individuals learn to take turns: Emergence of alternating cooperation in a congestion game and the prisoner's dilemma

Author keywords

Game theory; Multi agent simulation; Reinforcement learning

Indexed keywords

COMPUTER SIMULATION; DATA COMMUNICATION SYSTEMS; DECISION SUPPORT SYSTEMS; LEARNING SYSTEMS; MULTI AGENT SYSTEMS; SOCIAL ASPECTS; STRATEGIC PLANNING; TELECOMMUNICATION TRAFFIC;

EID: 17644369611     PISSN: 02195259     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1142/S0219525905000361     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (106)

References (74)
  • 1
    • 0002135590 scopus 로고
    • Inductive reasoning and bounded rationality
    • Arthur, W. B., Inductive reasoning and bounded rationality, Am. Econ. Rev. 84, 406-411 (1994).
    • (1994) Am. Econ. Rev. , vol.84 , pp. 406-411
    • Arthur, W.B.1
  • 2
    • 34248619115 scopus 로고
    • The further evolution of cooperation
    • Axelrod, R. and Dion, D., The further evolution of cooperation, Science 242, 1385-1390 (1988).
    • (1988) Science , vol.242 , pp. 1385-1390
    • Axelrod, R.1    Dion, D.2
  • 3
    • 0019480612 scopus 로고
    • The evolution of cooperation
    • Axelrod, R. and Hamilton, W. D., The evolution of cooperation, Science 211, 1390-1396 (1981).
    • (1981) Science , vol.211 , pp. 1390-1396
    • Axelrod, R.1    Hamilton, W.D.2
  • 5
    • 44049110303 scopus 로고
    • Evolutionary stability in repeated games played by finite automata
    • Binmore, K. G., Evolutionary stability in repeated games played by finite automata, J. Econ. Theory 57, 278-305 (1992).
    • (1992) J. Econ. Theory , vol.57 , pp. 278-305
    • Binmore, K.G.1
  • 7
    • 17644408849 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Uni DuE: Studie SURVIVE gibt Einblicke in das Wesen des Autofahrers
    • Press release by January 21
    • Bohnsack, U., Uni DuE: Studie SURVIVE gibt Einblicke in das Wesen des Autofahrers, Press release by Informationsdienst Wissenschaft (January 21, 2005).
    • (2005) Informationsdienst Wissenschaft
    • Bohnsack, U.1
  • 8
    • 0002186131 scopus 로고
    • Using an interactive route-choice simulator to investigate driver's compliance with route guidance information
    • Bonsall, P. W. and Perry, T., Using an interactive route-choice simulator to investigate driver's compliance with route guidance information, Transpn. Res. Rec. 1306, 59-68 (1991).
    • (1991) Transpn. Res. Rec. , vol.1306 , pp. 59-68
    • Bonsall, P.W.1    Perry, T.2
  • 9
    • 17644377701 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Coordination and self-organization in minority games: Experimental evidence
    • Sant'Anna School of Advances Studies, May
    • Bottazzi, G. and Devetag, G., Coordination and self-organization in minority games: Experimental evidence, Working Paper 2002/09, Sant'Anna School of Advances Studies, May, 2002.
    • (2002) Working Paper , vol.2002 , Issue.9
    • Bottazzi, G.1    Devetag, G.2
  • 10
    • 34250513249 scopus 로고
    • Über ein Paradoxon der Verkehrsplanung
    • For about 100 related references
    • Braess, D., Über ein Paradoxon der Verkehrsplanung [A paradox of traffic assignment problems], Unternehmensforschung 12, 258-268 (1968). For about 100 related references see http://homepage.ruhr-uni-bochum.de/Dietrich. Braess/#paradox
    • (1968) Unternehmensforschung , vol.12 , pp. 258-268
    • Braess, D.1
  • 11
    • 3042715496 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evolution of coordinated alternating reciprocity in repeated dyadic games
    • Browning, L. and Colman, A. M., Evolution of coordinated alternating reciprocity in repeated dyadic games, J. Theor. Biol 229, 549-557 (2004).
    • (2004) J. Theor. Biol , vol.229 , pp. 549-557
    • Browning, L.1    Colman, A.M.2
  • 13
    • 0036268277 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sophisticated experience-weighted attraction learning and strategic teaching in repeated games
    • Camerer, C. F., Ho, T.-H. and. Chong, J.-K., Sophisticated experience-weighted attraction learning and strategic teaching in repeated games, J. Econ. Theory 104, 137-188 (2002).
    • (2002) J. Econ. Theory , vol.104 , pp. 137-188
    • Camerer, C.F.1    Ho, T.-H.2    Chong, J.-K.3
  • 15
    • 0034238763 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Relevance of memory in minority games
    • Challet, D. and Marsili, M., Relevance of memory in minority games, Phys. Rev. E62, 1862-1868 (2000).
    • (2000) Phys. Rev. E , vol.62 , pp. 1862-1868
    • Challet, D.1    Marsili, M.2
  • 16
    • 0031333279 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Emergence of cooperation and organization in an evolutionary game
    • Challet, D. and Zhang, Y.-C., Emergence of cooperation and organization in an evolutionary game, Physica A246, 407-418 (1997).
    • (1997) Physica A , vol.246 , pp. 407-418
    • Challet, D.1    Zhang, Y.-C.2
  • 17
    • 0000775546 scopus 로고
    • Paradoxial behaviour of mechanical and electrical networks
    • Cohen, J. E. and Horowitz, P., Paradoxial behaviour of mechanical and electrical networks, Nature 352, 699-701 (1991).
    • (1991) Nature , vol.352 , pp. 699-701
    • Cohen, J.E.1    Horowitz, P.2
  • 19
    • 0037222725 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Depth of strategic reasoning in games
    • Colman, A. M., Depth of strategic reasoning in games, Trends Cogn. Sci. 7(1), 2-4 (2003).
    • (2003) Trends Cogn. Sci. , vol.7 , Issue.1 , pp. 2-4
    • Colman, A.M.1
  • 20
    • 0035676267 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Dangerous games and the emergence of social structure: Evolving memory-based strategies for the generalized hawk-dove game
    • Crowley, P. H., Dangerous games and the emergence of social structure: evolving memory-based strategies for the generalized hawk-dove game, Behav. Ecol. 12, 753-760 (2001).
    • (2001) Behav. Ecol. , vol.12 , pp. 753-760
    • Crowley, P.H.1
  • 21
    • 14844342838 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cooperation in an unpredictable environment
    • (eds. Standish, R. K., Bedau, M. A. and Abbass, H. A.) (MIT Press, Sidney), and poster available at
    • Eriksson, A. and Lindgren, K., Cooperation in an unpredictable environment, in Proc. Artificial Life VIII (eds. Standish, R. K., Bedau, M. A. and Abbass, H. A.) (MIT Press, Sidney, 2002), pp. 394-399; and poster available at http://frt.fy.chahners.se/cs/people/eriksson.html
    • (2002) Proc. Artificial Life VIII , pp. 394-399
    • Eriksson, A.1    Lindgren, K.2
  • 23
    • 0000151587 scopus 로고
    • The outbreak of cooperation
    • Glance, N. S. and Huberman, B. A., The outbreak of cooperation, J. Math. Soc. 17(4), 281-302 (1993).
    • (1993) J. Math. Soc. , vol.17 , Issue.4 , pp. 281-302
    • Glance, N.S.1    Huberman, B.A.2
  • 24
    • 0000181186 scopus 로고
    • A study of traffic capacity
    • Highway Research Board, Washington, D. C.
    • Greenshield, B. D., A study of traffic capacity, in Proc. Highway Research Board, Vol. 14 (Highway Research Board, Washington, D. C., 1935), pp. 448-477.
    • (1935) Proc. Highway Research Board , vol.14 , pp. 448-477
    • Greenshield, B.D.1
  • 25
    • 0014413249 scopus 로고
    • The tragedy of the commons
    • Hardin, G., The tragedy of the commons, Science 162, 1243-1248 (1968).
    • (1968) Science , vol.162 , pp. 1243-1248
    • Hardin, G.1
  • 26
    • 17644391171 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Dynamic decision behavior and optimal guidance through information services: Models and experiments
    • eds. Schreckenberg, M. and Selten, R. (Springer, Berlin)
    • Helbing, D., Dynamic decision behavior and optimal guidance through information services: Models and experiments, in Human Behaviour and Traffic Networks, eds. Schreckenberg, M. and Selten, R. (Springer, Berlin, 2004), pp. 47-95.
    • (2004) Human Behaviour and Traffic Networks , pp. 47-95
    • Helbing, D.1
  • 27
    • 3042658817 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Volatile decision dynamics: Experiments, stochastic description, intermittency control, and traffic optimization
    • Helbing, D., Schönhof, M. and Kern, D., Volatile decision dynamics: Experiments, stochastic description, intermittency control, and traffic optimization, New J. Phys. 4, 33.1-33.16 (2002).
    • (2002) New J. Phys. , vol.4
    • Helbing, D.1    Schönhof, M.2    Kern, D.3
  • 29
    • 0026258187 scopus 로고
    • Controlling chaos in distributed systems
    • Hogg, T. and Huberman, B. A., Controlling chaos in distributed systems, IEEE Trans. Syst. Man Cy. 21(6), 1325-1333 (1991).
    • (1991) IEEE Trans. Syst. Man Cy. , vol.21 , Issue.6 , pp. 1325-1333
    • Hogg, T.1    Huberman, B.A.2
  • 30
    • 0031070616 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Day-to-day evolution of network flows under realtime information and reactive signal control
    • Hu, T.-Y. and Mahmassani, H. S., Day-to-day evolution of network flows under realtime information and reactive signal control, Transport. Res. C5(1), 51-69 (1997).
    • (1997) Transport. Res. , vol.C5 , Issue.1 , pp. 51-69
    • Hu, T.-Y.1    Mahmassani, H.S.2
  • 33
    • 0000808210 scopus 로고
    • Dynamics of computational ecosystems
    • Kephart, J. O., Hogg, T. and Huberman, B. A., Dynamics of computational ecosystems, Phys. Rev. A40(1), 404-421 (1989).
    • (1989) Phys. Rev. , vol.A40 , Issue.1 , pp. 404-421
    • Kephart, J.O.1    Hogg, T.2    Huberman, B.A.3
  • 34
    • 4544287387 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Route decision behaviour in a commuting scenario: Simple heuristics adaptation and effect of traffic forecast
    • Jan.
    • Klügl, F. and Bazzan, A. L. C., Route decision behaviour in a commuting scenario: Simple heuristics adaptation and effect of traffic forecast, JASSS 7(1), Jan. (2004).
    • (2004) JASSS , vol.7 , Issue.1
    • Klügl, F.1    Bazzan, A.L.C.2
  • 35
    • 85037920921 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Avoiding the Braess-paradox in non-cooperative networks
    • Korilis, Y. A., Lazar, A- A. and Orda, A., Avoiding the Braess-paradox in non-cooperative networks, J. Appl. Prob. 36, 211-222 (1999).
    • (1999) J. Appl. Prob. , vol.36 , pp. 211-222
    • Korilis, Y.A.1    Lazar, A.A.2    Orda, A.3
  • 36
    • 0345359287 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The interactive minority game: A Web-based investigation of human market interactions
    • Laureti, P., Ruch, P., Wakeling, J. and Zhang, Y.-C., The interactive minority game: A Web-based investigation of human market interactions, Physica A331, 651-659 (2004).
    • (2004) Physica , vol.A331 , pp. 651-659
    • Laureti, P.1    Ruch, P.2    Wakeling, J.3    Zhang, Y.-C.4
  • 37
    • 0035568676 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of announcing global information in a two-route traffic flow model
    • Lee, K., Hui, P. M., Wang, B. H. and Johnson, N. F., Effects of announcing global information in a two-route traffic flow model, J. Phys. Soc. Japan 70, 3507-3510 (2001).
    • (2001) J. Phys. Soc. Japan , vol.70 , pp. 3507-3510
    • Lee, K.1    Hui, P.M.2    Wang, B.H.3    Johnson, N.F.4
  • 38
    • 37649026632 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Theory of networked minority games based on strategy pattern dynamics
    • Lo, T. S., Chan, H, Y., Hui, P. M. and Johnson, N. F., Theory of networked minority games based on strategy pattern dynamics, Phys. Rev. E70, 056102 (2004).
    • (2004) Phys. Rev. , vol.E70 , pp. 056102
    • Lo, T.S.1    Chan, H.Y.2    Hui, P.M.3    Johnson, N.F.4
  • 39
    • 0034270868 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Theory of the evolutionary minority game
    • Lo, T. S., Hui, P. M. and Johnson, N. F., Theory of the evolutionary minority game, Phys. Rev. E62, 4393-4396 (2000).
    • (2000) Phys. Rev. , vol.E62 , pp. 4393-4396
    • Lo, T.S.1    Hui, P.M.2    Johnson, N.F.3
  • 40
    • 0037076357 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Learning dynamics in social dilemmas
    • Macy, M. W. and Flache, A., Learning dynamics in social dilemmas, in Proc. National Academy of Sciences USA, Vol. 99, Suppl. 3 (2002), pp. 7229-7236.
    • (2002) Proc. National Academy of Sciences USA , vol.99 , Issue.SUPPL. 3 , pp. 7229-7236
    • Macy, M.W.1    Flache, A.2
  • 41
    • 0034025308 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Transferring insights into commuter behavior dynamics from laboratory experiments to field surveys
    • Mahmassani, H. S. and Jou, R. C., Transferring insights into commuter behavior dynamics from laboratory experiments to field surveys, Transport. Res. A34, 243-260 (2000).
    • (2000) Transport. Res. , vol.A34 , pp. 243-260
    • Mahmassani, H.S.1    Jou, R.C.2
  • 42
    • 0034295731 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Algorithmic complexity in the minority game
    • Mansilla, R., Algorithmic complexity in the minority game, Phys. Rev. E62, 4553-4557 (2000).
    • (2000) Phys. Rev. , vol.E62 , pp. 4553-4557
    • Mansilla, R.1
  • 44
    • 1942455801 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Variation in behaviour promotes cooperation in the prisoner's dilemma game
    • McNamara, J. M., Barta, Z. and Houston, A. I., Variation in behaviour promotes cooperation in the prisoner's dilemma game, Nature 428, 745-748 (2004).
    • (2004) Nature , vol.428 , pp. 745-748
    • McNamara, J.M.1    Barta, Z.2    Houston, A.I.3
  • 45
    • 0037126326 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The good, the bad and the lonely
    • Michor, F. and Nowak, M. A., The good, the bad and the lonely, Nature 419, 677-679 (2002).
    • (2002) Nature , vol.419 , pp. 677-679
    • Michor, F.1    Nowak, M.A.2
  • 46
    • 0037165214 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Reputation helps solve the 'tragedy of the commons'
    • Milinski, M., Semmann, D. and Krambeck, H.-J., Reputation helps solve the 'tragedy of the commons', Nature 415, 424-426 (2002).
    • (2002) Nature , vol.415 , pp. 424-426
    • Milinski, M.1    Semmann, D.2    Krambeck, H.-J.3
  • 47
    • 0029690246 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Fictitious play property for games with identical interests
    • Monderer, D. and Shapley, L. S., Fictitious play property for games with identical interests, J. Econ. Theory 1, 258-265 (1996).
    • (1996) J. Econ. Theory , vol.1 , pp. 258-265
    • Monderer, D.1    Shapley, L.S.2
  • 49
    • 1942517277 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Emergence of cooperation and evolutionary stability in finite populations
    • Nowak, M. A., Sasaki, A., Taylor, C. and Fudenberg, D., Emergence of cooperation and evolutionary stability in finite populations, Nature 428, 646-650 (2004).
    • (2004) Nature , vol.428 , pp. 646-650
    • Nowak, M.A.1    Sasaki, A.2    Taylor, C.3    Fudenberg, D.4
  • 50
    • 0027336968 scopus 로고
    • A strategy of win-stay, lose-shift that outperforms tit-for-tat in the Prisoner's Dilemma game
    • Novak, M. and Sigmund, K., A strategy of win-stay, lose-shift that outperforms tit-for-tat in the Prisoner's Dilemma game, Nature 364, 56-58 (1993).
    • (1993) Nature , vol.364 , pp. 56-58
    • Novak, M.1    Sigmund, K.2
  • 51
    • 0028165940 scopus 로고
    • The alternating prisoner's dilemma
    • Nowak, M. A. and Sigmund, K., The alternating prisoner's dilemma, J. Theor. Biol. 168, 219-226 (1994).
    • (1994) J. Theor. Biol. , vol.168 , pp. 219-226
    • Nowak, M.A.1    Sigmund, K.2
  • 52
    • 0032507958 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evolution of indirect reciprocity by image scoring
    • Nowak, M. A. and Sigmund, K., Evolution of indirect reciprocity by image scoring, Nature 393, 573-577 (1998).
    • (1998) Nature , vol.393 , pp. 573-577
    • Nowak, M.A.1    Sigmund, K.2
  • 54
    • 0033591197 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Win-stay, Lose-shift strategies for repeated games -Memory length, aspiration levels and noise
    • Posch, M., Win-stay, Lose-shift strategies for repeated games -Memory length, aspiration levels and noise, J. Theor. Biol. 198, 183-195 (1999).
    • (1999) J. Theor. Biol. , vol.198 , pp. 183-195
    • Posch, M.1
  • 55
    • 4344611657 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Kinship is relative
    • Queller, D. C., Kinship is relative, Nature 430, 975-976 (2004).
    • (2004) Nature , vol.430 , pp. 975-976
    • Queller, D.C.1
  • 56
    • 0014064342 scopus 로고
    • Exploiter, leader, hero, and martyr: The four archtypes of the 2 × 2 game
    • Rapoport, A., Exploiter, leader, hero, and martyr: The four archtypes of the 2 × 2 game, Behav. Sci. 12, 81-84 (1967).
    • (1967) Behav. Sci. , vol.12 , pp. 81-84
    • Rapoport, A.1
  • 57
    • 0000043598 scopus 로고
    • A taxonomy of 2 × 2 games
    • Rapoport, A. and Guyer, M., A taxonomy of 2 × 2 games, Gen. Systems 11, 203-214 (1966).
    • (1966) Gen. Systems , vol.11 , pp. 203-214
    • Rapoport, A.1    Guyer, M.2
  • 58
    • 0012236966 scopus 로고
    • Design of an artificial simulator for analyzing route choice behavior in the presence of information system
    • Reddy, P. D. V. G. et al., Design of an artificial simulator for analyzing route choice behavior in the presence of information system, J. Math. Comp. Mod. 22, 119-147 (1995).
    • (1995) J. Math. Comp. Mod. , vol.22 , pp. 119-147
    • Reddy, P.D.V.G.1
  • 59
    • 0035936124 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evolution of cooperation without reciprocity
    • Riolo, R. L., Cohen, M. D. and Axelrod, R., Evolution of cooperation without reciprocity, Nature 414, 441-443 (2001).
    • (2001) Nature , vol.414 , pp. 441-443
    • Riolo, R.L.1    Cohen, M.D.2    Axelrod, R.3
  • 60
    • 34250442766 scopus 로고
    • A class of games possessing pure-strategy Nash equilibria
    • Rosenthal, R. W., A class of games possessing pure-strategy Nash equilibria, Int. J. Game Theory 2, 65-67 (1973).
    • (1973) Int. J. Game Theory , vol.2 , pp. 65-67
    • Rosenthal, R.W.1
  • 61
    • 0038183237 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • How bad is selfish routing?
    • Roughgarden, T. and Tardos, E., How bad is selfish routing?, J. ACM 49(2), 236-259 (2002).
    • (2002) J. ACM , vol.49 , Issue.2 , pp. 236-259
    • Roughgarden, T.1    Tardos, E.2
  • 64
    • 2442463138 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evolution of cooperation in a spatial prisoner's dilemma
    • Schweitzer, F., Behera, L. and Mühlenbein, H., Evolution of cooperation in a spatial prisoner's dilemma, Adv. Complex Syst. 5(2/3), 269-299 (2002).
    • (2002) Adv. Complex Syst. , vol.5 , Issue.2-3 , pp. 269-299
    • Schweitzer, F.1    Behera, L.2    Mühlenbein, H.3
  • 65
    • 17644362809 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Experimental investigation of day-to-day route-choice behaviour and network simulations of autobahn traffic in North Rhine-Westphalia
    • eds. Schreckenberg, M. and Selten, R. (Springer, Berlin)
    • Selten, R. et al., Experimental investigation of day-to-day route-choice behaviour and network simulations of autobahn traffic in North Rhine-Westphalia, in Human Behaviour and Traffic Networks, eds. Schreckenberg, M. and Selten, R. (Springer, Berlin, 2004), pp. 1-21.
    • (2004) Human Behaviour and Traffic Networks , pp. 1-21
    • Selten, R.1
  • 67
    • 0141732289 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Volunteering leads to rock-paper-scissors dynamics in a public goods game
    • Semmann, D., Krambeck, H.-J. and Milinski, M., Volunteering leads to rock-paper-scissors dynamics in a public goods game, Nature 425, 390-393 (2003).
    • (2003) Nature , vol.425 , pp. 390-393
    • Semmann, D.1    Krambeck, H.-J.2    Milinski, M.3
  • 69
    • 45849156108 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Phase transitions and volunteering in spatial public goods games
    • Szabó, G. and Hauert, C., Phase transitions and volunteering in spatial public goods games, Phys. Rev. Lett. 89, 118101 (2002).
    • (2002) Phys. Rev. Lett. , vol.89 , pp. 118101
    • Szabó, G.1    Hauert, C.2
  • 71
    • 0003310913 scopus 로고
    • Some theoretical aspects of road traffic research
    • Wardrop, J. G., Some theoretical aspects of road traffic research, in Proc. the Institution of Civil Engineers II, Vol. 1, 1952, pp. 325-378.
    • (1952) Proc. the Institution of Civil Engineers II , vol.1 , pp. 325-378
    • Wardrop, J.G.1
  • 72
    • 2942719470 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Collective intelligence, data routing and Braess' paradox
    • Wolpert, D. H. and Tumer, K., Collective intelligence, data routing and Braess' paradox, J. Artif. Int. Res. 16, 359-387 (2002).
    • (2002) J. Artif. Int. Res. , vol.16 , pp. 359-387
    • Wolpert, D.H.1    Tumer, K.2
  • 73
    • 21144446394 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of using route information sharing to reduce traffic congestion
    • Yamashita, T., Izumi, K. and Kurumatani, K., Effect of using route information sharing to reduce traffic congestion, Lect. Notes Comput. Sci. 3012, 86-104 (2004).
    • (2004) Lect. Notes Comput. Sci. , vol.3012 , pp. 86-104
    • Yamashita, T.1    Izumi, K.2    Kurumatani, K.3
  • 74
    • 42749098666 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evolutionary dynamics and the phase structure of the minority game
    • Yuan, B. and Chen, K., Evolutionary dynamics and the phase structure of the minority game, Phys. Rev. E69, 067106 (2004).
    • (2004) Phys. Rev. , vol.E69 , pp. 067106
    • Yuan, B.1    Chen, K.2


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.