The structure of C-banded human metaphase chromosomes as observed by atomic force microscopy

Archives of Histology and Cytology

Volumn 68, Issue 1, 2005, Pages 81-87

  Fukushi, Daisuke ^a   Ushiki, Tatsuo ^a  

^a NIIGATA UNIVERSITY GRADUATE SCHOOL OF MEDICAL AND DENTAL SCIENCES   (Japan)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ARTICLE; ATOMIC FORCE MICROSCOPY; CENTROMERE; CHROMOSOME 1; CHROMOSOME 2; CHROMOSOME 3; CHROMOSOME ARM; CHROMOSOME C BAND; CHROMOSOME STRUCTURE; HUMAN; HUMAN CELL; METAPHASE; MICROSCOPY; STAINING; Y CHROMOSOME;

CENTROMERE; CHROMATIN; CHROMOSOME BANDING; CHROMOSOMES, HUMAN; HUMANS; MALE; METAPHASE; MICROSCOPY, ATOMIC FORCE;

EID: 17644366076     PISSN: 09149465     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1679/aohc.68.81     Document Type: Article

References (29)

1. Arrighi FE, Hsu TC: Localization of heterochromatin in human chromosomes. Cytogenetics 10: 81-86 (1971).
2. Binnig G, Quate CF, Gerber Ch: Atomic force microscope. Phys Rev Lett 56: 930-933 (1986).
3. Burkholder GD, Duczek LL: Proteins in chromosome banding. II. Effect of R- and C-banding treatments on the proteins of isolated nuclei. Chromosoma 79: 43-51 (1980).
4. Burkholder GD, Duczek LL: The effect of chromosome banding techniques on the proteins of isolated chromosomes. Chromosoma 87: 425-435 (1982a).
5. Burkholder GD, Duczek LL: The effect of chromosome banding techniques on the histone and nonhistone proteins of isolated chromatin. Can J Biochem 60: 328-337 (1982b).
6. Carnevale A, Ibañez BB, Castillo VD: The segregation of C-band polymorphisms on chromosomes 1, 9, and 16. Am J Hum Genet 28: 412-416 (1976).
7. Fernández JL, Goyanes V, López- Fernández C, Gosálvez J: Human α-satellite DNAs are not susceptible to undercondensation after 5-azacytidine treatment. Cytogenet Cell Genet 65: 92-94 (1994).
8. Fukushi D, Shichiri M, Sugiyama S, Yoshino T, Hagiwara S, Ohtani T: Scanning Near-field Optical/ Atomic Force Microscopy detection of fluorescence in situ hybridization signals beyond the optical limit. Exp Cell Res 289: 237-244 (2003).
9. Guttenbach M, Schmid M: Exclusion of specific human chromosomes into micronuclei by 5-azacytidine treatment of lymphocyte cultures. Exp Cell Res 211: 127-132 (1994).
10. Haaf T: The effects of 5-azacytidine and 5-azadeoxycytidine on chromosome structure and function: implications for methylation-associated cellular processes. Pharmac Ther 65: 19-46 (1995).
11. Hoshi O, Ushiki T: Three-dimensional structure of G-banded human metaphase chromosomes observed by atomic force microscopy. Arch Histol Cytol 64: 475-482 (2001).
12. Ohtani T, Shichiri M, Fukushi D, Sugiyama S, Yoshino T, Kobori T, Hagiwara S, Ushiki T: Imaging of chromosomes at nano-meter scale resolution using scanning near-field optical/ atomic force microscopy. Arch Histol Cytol 65: 425-434 (2002).
13. Jack EM, Harrison CJ, Allen TD, Harris R: The structural basis for C-banding. A scanning electron microscopy study. Chromosoma 91: 363-368 (1985).
14. Sánchez L, Martínez P, Goyanes V: Analysis of centromere size in human chromosomes 1, 9, 15, and 16 by electron microscopy. Genome 34: 710-713 (1991).
15. Schmiady H, Sperling K: Length of human C-bands in relation to the degree of chromosome condensation. Hum Genet 35: 107-111 (1976).
16. Shichiri M, Fukushi D, Sugiyama S, Yoshino T, Ohtani T: Analysis by atomic force microscopy of morphological changes in barley chromosomes during FISH treatment. Chromosome Res 11: 65-71 (2003).
17. Schmid M, Grunert D, Haaf T, Engel W: A direct demonstration of somatically paired heterochromatin of human chromosomes. Cytogenet Cell Genet 36: 554-561 (1983).
18. Schmid M, Haaf T, Grunert D: 5-azacytidine-induced undercondensations in human chromosomes. Hum Genet 67: 257-263 (1984).
19. Sugiyama S, Yoshino T, Kanahara H, Kobori T, Ohtani T: Atomic force microscopic imaging of 30 nm chromatin fiber from partially relaxed plant chromosomes. Scanning 25: 132-136 (2003).
20. Sugiyama S, Yoshino T, Kanahara H, Shichiri M, Fukushi D, Ohtani T: Effects of acetic acid treatment on plant chromosome structures analyzed by atomic force microscopy. Anal Biochem 324: 39-44 (2004).
21. Sumner AT: A simple technique for demonstrating centromeric heterochromatin. Exp Cell Res 75: 304-306 (1972).
22. Sumner AT: Estimation of the sizes of polymorphic C-bands in man by measurement of DNA content of whole chromosomes. Cytogenet Cell Genet 19: 250-255 (1977).
23. Takayama S, Taketani Y, Bunno K: Scanning electron microscopy of C-banding. Zool Science 13: 357-364 (1996).
24. Tamayo J, Miles M, Thein A, Soothill P: Selective cleaning of the cell debris in human chromosome preparations studied by scanning force microscopy. J Struct Biol 128: 200-210 (1999).
25. Tamayo J, Miles M: Human chromosome structure studied by scanning force microscopy after an enzymatic digestion of the covering cell material. Ultramicroscopy 82: 245-251 (2000).
26. Tan E, Şahin Fİ, Ergün MA, Ercan İ, Menevşe A: C-banding visualized by atomic force microscopy. Scanning 23: 32-35 (2001).
27. Ushiki T: Atomic force microscopy for imaging living organisms: from DNA to cell motion. In: Micromachines as tools for nanotechnology (Fujita H, ed), Springer Verlag, Berlin-Heidelberg, 2003 (p. 121-130).
28. Ushiki T, Hoshi O, Iwai K, Kimura E, Shigeno M: The structure of human metaphase chromosomes: its histological perspective and new horizons by atomic force microscopy. Arch Histol Cytol 65: 377-390 (2002).
29. Winfield M, McMaster TJ, Karp A, Miles MJ: Atomic force microscopy of plant chromosomes. Chromosome Res 3: 128-131 (1995).