Persistence of British natterjack toad Bufo calamita Laurenti (Anura: Bufonidae) populations despite low genetic diversity

Biological Journal of the Linnean Society

Volumn 57, Issue 1, 1996, Pages 69-80

  Hitchings, Susan P ^a   Beebee, Trevor J G ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF SUSSEX   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

Allozymes; Bufo, calamita; Population genetics; Range edges

Indexed keywords

EID: 17544371791     PISSN: 00244066     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1111/j.1095-8312.1996.tb01697.x     Document Type: Article

References (42)

1. Avise JC. 1994. Molecular markers, natural history and evolution. New York: Chapman & Hall.
2. Banks B, Beebee TJC, Cooke AS. 1994. Conservation of the Natterjack toad Bufo calamita in Britain over the period 1970-1990 in relation to site protection and other factors. Biological Conservation 67: 111-118.
3. Beebee TJC. 1977. Environmental change as a cause of natterjack toad Bufo calamita declines in Britain. Biological Conservation 11: 87-102.
4. Beebee TJC. 1983. The Natterjack Toad. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
5. Beebee TJC. 1985. Geographical variations in breeding activity patterns of the natterjack toad Bufo calamita in Britain. Journal of Zoology (London) 205: 1-8.
6. Beebee TJC, Flower RJ, Stevenson AC, Patrick ST, Appleby PG, Fletcher C, Marsh C, Natkanski J, Rippey B, Battarbee RW. 1990. Decline of the natterjack toad Bufo calamita in Britain: palaeoecological, documentary and experimental evidence for breeding site acidification. Biological Conservation 53: 1-20.
7. Berribi P, Landaud P, Borsa P, Renno JF. 1990. Esterases of the flounder (Platichthys flesus, Pleuronectidae, Teleostei): development of an identification protocol using starch gel electrophoresis and characterization of loci. Experientia 46: 863-867.
8. Caro TM, Laurenson MK. 1994. Ecological and genetic factors in conservation: a cautionary tale. Science 263: 485-486.
9. Caughley G. 1994. Directions in Conservation 'Biology. Journal of Animal Ecology 63: 215-244.
10. Chatonnet A, Lockbridge O. 1989. Comparison of butyrylcholinesterase and acetylcholinesterase. Biochemical Journal 260: 625-634.
11. Denton JS. 1991. The terrestrial ecology of the natterjack toad, Bufo calamita and the common toad, Bufo bufo. PhD thesis, University of Sussex.
12. Denton JS, Beebee TJC. 1993. Density-related features of natterjack toad Bufo calamita populations in Britain. Journal of Zoology (London) 229: 105-119.
13. Denton JS, Beebee TJC. 1994. The basis of niche separation during terrestrial life between two species of toad (Bufo bufo and Bufo calamita): competition or specialisation? Oecologia 97: 390-398.
14. Gosner KL. 1960. A simplified table for staging anuran embryos and larvae with notes on identification. Herpetologica 16: 183-190.
15. Hard DL, Clark AG. 1989. Principles of Population Genetics. Sunderland: Sinauer Associates.
16. Hoffmann AA, Blows MW. 1994. Species borders: ecological and evolutionary perspectives. Trends in Ecology & Evolution 9: 223-227.
17. Holman JA, Stuart AJ. 1991. Amphibians in the Whitemoor Channel early Flandrian site near Bosley, East Cheshire: with remarks on the fossil distribution of Bufo calamita in Britain. Herpetological Journal 1: 568-573.
18. Jones RL, Keen DH. 1993. Pleistocene environments in the British Isles. London: Chapman and Hall.
19. Junge W. 1984. Carboxylesterase Carboxylic-ester hydrolase, EC 3.1.1.1. In: Bergmeyer HU, Bergmeyer J, Graßl M, eds. Methods of Enzymatic Analysis Vol.IV. Enzymes 2, esterases, lyases, ligases: 1-8. Basel: Verlag Chemie.
20. Kirkby RR, Bayne BL, Berry RJ, 1994. Phenotypic variation along a cline in allozyme and karyotype frequencies, and its relationship with habitat in the dog-whelk Nucella lapillus L. Biological Journal of the Linnean Society 53: 255-275.
21. Masson P. 1979. Formes moleculaires multiples de la butyrylcholinesterase du plasma humain. 1. Parametres moleculaires apparents et ebauche de la structure quaternaire. Biochimica et Biophysica Acta 578: 493-504.
22. Masson P. 1989. A naturally occurring molecular form of human plasma cholinesterase is an albumin conjugate. Biochimica et Biophysica Acta 988: 258-266.
23. May B. 1992. Starch gel electrophoresis of allozymes. In: Hoelzel AR, ed. Molecular Genetic Analysis of Populations. Oxford: IRL Press, 1-26.
24. Myers M, Richmond RC, Oakeshott JG. 1988. On the origins of esterases. Molecular Biology and Evolution 5: 113-119.
25. Nei M. 1972. Genetic distance between populations. American Naturalist 106: 385-398.
26. Nevo E, Beiles A. 1991. Genetic diversity and ecological heterogeneity in amphibian evolution. Copeia, 3: 565-592.
27. Nevo E, Beiles A, Ben-Shlomo R. 1983. The evolutionary significance of genetic diversity, ecological, demographic and life history correlates. In: Levin S, ed. Lecture Notes in Biomathematics, vol. 53: Berlin: Springer-Verlag, 13-213.
28. Nishioka M, Sumida M, Ueda H, Wu Z. 1990. Genetic relationships among 13 Bufo species and subspecies elucidated by the method of electrophoretic analysis. Science Report of the Laboratory of Amphibian Biology, Hiroshima University, 10: 53-91.
29. Nunney L, Campbell KA. 1993. Assessing minimum viable population size: demography meets population genetics. Trends in Ecology & Evolution 8: 234-239.
30. O'Brien SJ, Roelke ME, Marker L, Newman A, Winkler CA, Meltzer D, Colly I, Everman JF, Bush M, Wildt DE. 1985. Genetic basis for species vulnerability in the cheetah. Science 227: 1428-1434.
31. Powers DA, Smith M, Gonzales-Villasenor I, Dimichele L, Crawford D, Bernard G, Lauerman T. 1993. A multidisciplinary approach to the selectionist/neutralist controversy using the model teleost, Fundulus heteroclitus. In: Futuyma D, Antonovics J, eds. Oxford Surveys in Evolutionary Biology, Vol. 9. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
32. Raup DM. 1994. The role of extinction in evolution. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, USA 91: 6758-6763.
33. Reh W, Seitz A. 1990. The influence of land use on the genetic structures of populations of the common frog Rana temporaria. Biological Conservation 54: 239-249.
34. Roelke ME, Martenson JS, O'Brien SJ. 1993. The consequences of demographic reduction and genetic depletion in the endangered Florida panther. Current Biology 3: 340-350.
35. Schröer T. 1993. Vernetzung und Gefährdung von Kreuzkröten-Populationen in der Großstadt. Beiträge zur Erforschung der Dortmunder Herpetofauna, Band 17. Dortmund: AGARD.
36. Sinsch U. 1992. Structure and dynamic of a natterjack toad metapopulation (Bufo calamita). Oecologia 90: 489-499.
37. Sjögren P. 1991. Extinction and isolation gradients in metapopulations: the case of the pool frog (Rana lessonae). Biological Journal of the Linnean Society 42: 135-147.
38. Sjögren P, Wyoni P-I. 1994. Conservation genetics and detection of rare alleles in finite populations. Conservation Biology 8: 267-270.
39. Sjögren Gulve P. 1994. Distribution and extinction patterns within a northern metapopulation of the pool frog, Rana lessonae. Ecology 75: 1357-1367.
40. Swofford DL, Selander RB. 1981. BIOSYS-1, a FORTRAN program for the comprehensive analysis of electrophoretic data in population genetics and systematics. Journal of Heredity 72: 281-283.
41. Whittaker M. 1984. Cholinesterases. In: Bergmeyer HU, Bergmeyer J, Graßl M, eds. Methods of Enzymatic Analysis Vol.1V. Enzymes 2, esterases, lyases, ligases. Basel: Verlag Chemie, 1-8.
42. Wright S. 1978. Evolution and the Genetics of Populations, volume IV: Variability within and among natural populations. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.