Dispersant effectiveness on three oils under various simulated environmental conditions

Environmental Engineering Science

Volumn 22, Issue 3, 2005, Pages 324-336

  Chandrasekar, Subhashini ^a   Sorial, George A ^a   Weaver, James W ^b  

^a University of Cincinnati   (United States)

^b U S ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY   (United States)

Author keywords

Baffled flask test; Dispersant; Dispersant effectiveness; Oil remediation; Oil spill

Indexed keywords

OILS AND FATS; REMEDIATION; STATISTICAL METHODS; THERMAL EFFECTS; WEATHER FORECASTING;

DISPERSANT EFFECTS; DISPERSANTS; OIL SLICK; TESTING PROTOCOL;

ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING;

FUEL OIL; OIL; PETROLEUM;

ARTICLE; ENERGY; FACTORIAL ANALYSIS; STATISTICAL ANALYSIS; TEMPERATURE; WEATHERING;

EID: 17444420161     PISSN: 10928758     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1089/ees.2005.22.324     Document Type: Article

References (17)

1. BYFORD, D.C., GREEN, P.J., and LEWIS, A. (1983). Factors influencing the performance and selection of low-temperature dispersants. Proceedings of the Sixth Arctic Marine Oil Spill Program, Edmonton, Canada.
2. CLAYTON, J.R., PAYNE, J.R., FARLOW, J.S., and SARWAR, C. (1993). Oil Spill Dispersants: Mechanisms of Action and Laboratory Tests. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press, pp. 31-36.
3. DELVIGNE, G.A.L. (1987). Droplet size distribution of naturally dispersed oil. In Fate and Effects of Oil in Marine Ecosystem. Dordrecht, The Netherlands: Martinus Nijhoff, pp. 29-40.
4. FINGAS, M.F. (1991). Dispersants: A Review of Effectiveness Measures and Laboratory Physical Studies. Ottawa, Ontario: Environmental Emergencies Technology Division, Environment Canada.
5. FINGAS, M.F., KYLE, D.A., and TENNYSON, E.J. (1993a). Physical and chemical studies on dispersants: The effect of dispersant amount and energy. Proceedings of the Sixteenth Arctic and Marine Oil Spill Program Technical Seminar. Ottawa, Canada: Environment Canada, pp. 861-876.
6. FINGAS, M.F., KYLE, D.A., HOLMES, J.B., and TENNYSON, E.J. (1993b). The effectiveness of dispersants: Variation with energy. Proceedings of the 1993 International Oil Spill Conference. Washington, DC: American Petroleum Institute, pp. 567-572.
7. FINGAS, M.F., FIELDHOUSE, B., and MULLIN, J.V. (1995). Water-in-oil emulsions: How they are formed and broken. Proceedings of the Eighteenth Arctic Marine Oil Spill Program Technical Seminar, Ottawa, Ontario: Environment Canada, pp. 21-42.
8. FINGAS, M.F., HUANG, E., FIELDHOUSE, B., WANG, L., and MULLIN, J. V. (1997). The effect of energy, settling time and shaking time on the swirling flask dispersant apparatus. Proceedings of the Twentieth Arctic Marine Oilspill Program Technical Seminar, Ottawa, Ontario: Environment Canada, pp. 541-550.
9. HOULT, D.P. (1972). Oil spreading on the sea. Annu. Rev. Fluid Mech. 4, 341-368.
10. LESSARD, R.R., and DEMARCO, G. (2000). The significance of oil spill dispersants. Spill Sci. Technol. Bull. 6(1), 59-68.
11. MACKAY, D., and SZETO, F. (1981). The laboratory determination of dispersant effectiveness - Method development and results. Proceedings of the 1981 Oil Spill Conference. Washington, DC: American Petroleum Institute, pp. 331-337.
12. NRC. (1989). Using oil spill dispersants on the sea. Report of the Committee on Effectiveness of Oil Spill Dispersants. Washington, DC: National Academy Press, pp. 78-80.
13. SAS INSTITUTE INC. (1999). The GLM Procedure. Department of Economic, University of Missouri homepage: http://rite.econ.missouri.edu:7071/saspdf/stat/ chap30.pdf.
14. SORIAL, G.A., VENOSA, A.D., KORAN, K.M., HOLDER, E., and KING, D. (2004). Oil spill dispersant effectiveness protocol - Part I impact of operational variables. ASCE J. Environ. Eng. 130, 1073-1084.
15. U.S. EPA. (1996). Swirling flask dispersant effectiveness test. Title 40 Code of Federal Regulations, Pt. 300, Appendix C, pp. 245-250, 1996 ed. U.S. EPA: Naragansett, RI.
16. VENOSA, A.D., KING, D.W., and SORIAL, G.A. (2002). The baffled flask test for dispersant effectiveness: A round robin evaluation of reproducibility and repeatability. Spill Sci. Technol. Bull. 7(5-6), 299-308.
17. WEAVER, J.W. (2003). EPA research object-oriented oil spill model. http://www.epa.gov/athens/research/projects/eros/.