The physiology of falling: Assessment and prevention strategies for older people

Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport

Volumn 8, Issue 1, 2005, Pages 35-42

  Lord, S R ^a   Sturnieks, D L ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF NEW SOUTH WALES   (Australia)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

AGE DISTRIBUTION; AGED; ARTICLE; ELDERLY CARE; FALLING; HUMAN; INFORMATION; INJURY; LEG; MUSCLE STRENGTH; PATIENT MOBILITY; PRIMARY PREVENTION; RISK ASSESSMENT; SENSATION; VESTIBULAR SYSTEM; VISION;

EID: 17444412316     PISSN: 14402440     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/S1440-2440(05)80022-2     Document Type: Article

References (37)

1. Lord SR & Ward JA. Age-associated differences in sensori-motor function and balance in community dwelling women. Age & Ageing 1994;23(6):452-60.
2. Prudham D. & Evans J. G. Factors associated with Falls in the elderly, a community study. Age & Ageing 1981;10(3):141-6.
3. Tinetti ME, Speechley M & Ginter SF. Risk factors or falls among elderly persons living in the community. New England Journal of Medicine 1988;319(26):1701-7.
4. Lord SR, Ward JA, Williams P & Anstey KJ. Physiological factors associated with falls in older community-dwelling women. Journal of the American Geriatrics Society 1994;42(10):1110-7.
5. Lord S, Sherrington C & Menz HB. Falls in Older People: Risk Factors and Strategies for Prevention. Cambridge. Cambridge University Press. 2001
6. Paulus WM, Straube A & Brandt T. Visual stabilizition of posture. Physiological stimulus characteristics and clinical aspects. Brain 1984;107(Pt 4):1143-63.
7. Lee DN & Lishman JR. Visual proprioceptive control of stance. J Hum Mov Stud 1975;187-95.
8. Manchester D, Woollacott M, Zederbauer-Hylton, N et al. Visual, vestibular and somatosensory contributions to balance control in the older adult. J Gerontol 1989;44(4):M118-27.
9. Lord SR. & Menz HB. Visual contributions to postural stability in older adults. Gerontology 2000;46(6):306-10.
10. Lord SR, Clark RD & Webster I. W. Postural stability and associated physiological factors in a population of aged persons. Journals of Gerontology 1991;46(3):M69-76.
11. Lord SR. & Dayhew J. Visual risk factors for falls in older people. Journal of the American Geriatrics Society 2001;49(5):508-15.
12. Baloh RW & Halmagyi GM. Disorders of the vestibular system. New York. Oxford University Press. 1996
13. Nguyen T, Sambrook P, Kelly P et al. Prediction of osteoporotic fractures by postural instability and bone density. British Medical Journal 1993;307(6912):1111-5.
14. Fitzpatrick R & McCloskey DI. Proprioceptive, visual and vestibular thresholds for the perception of sway during standing in humans. Journal of Physiology 1994;478(Pt 1):173-86.
15. Magnusson M, Enbom H, Johansson R et al. Significance of pressor input from the human feet in anterior-posterior postural control. The effect of hypothermia on vibration-induced body-sway. Acta Oto-Laryngologica 1990;110(3-4):182-188.
16. McCloskey DI. Kinesthetic sensibility. Physiologic Reviews, 1978;58:763-820.
17. Rogers MW, Wardman DL, Lord SR et al. Passive tactile sensory input improves stability during standing. Exp Brain Res 2001;136(4):514-22.
18. Dietz V, Muller R & Colombo G. Locomotor activity in spinal man: significance of afferent input from joint and load receptors. Brain 2002;125(Pt 12):2626-34.
19. Verschueren SM, Swinnen SP, Desloovere K et al. J. Effects of tendon vibration on the spatiotemporal characteristics of human locomotion. Exp Brain Res 2002;143(2):31-9.
20. Grisso JA, Kelsey JL, Strom BL et al. F. Risk factors for falls as a cause of hip fracture in women. The Northeast Hip Fracture Study Group. N Engl J Med, 1991;324(19):1326-31.
21. Wolfson LI, Judge J, Whipple RH. et al. Strength is a major factor in balance, gait, and the occurrence of falls. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 1995;50:64-7.
22. Nevitt MC, Cummings SR, Kidd S et al. Risk factors for recurrent nonsyncopal falls. A prospective study. Journal of the American Medical Association 1989;261(18):2663-8.
23. Richardson JK, Ching C & Hurvitz EA. The relationship between electromyographically documented peripheral neuropathy and falls. Journal of the American Geriatrics Society 1992;40(10):1008-12.
24. Lord SR, Clark RD & Webster IW. Physiological factors associated with falls in an elderly population. Journal of the American Geriatrics Society 1991;39(12):1194-2000.
25. Lord SR, Lloyd DG & Li SK. Sensori-motor function, gait patterns and falls in community-dwelling women. Age & Ageing 1996;25(4):292-9.
26. Lord SR, McLean D & Stathers G. Physiological factors associated with injurious falls in older people living in the community. Gerontology 1992;38(6):338-46.
27. Whipple RH, Wolfson LI. & Amerman PM. The relationship of knee and ankle weakness to falls in nursing home residents: an isokinetic study. Journal of the American Geriatrics Society 1987;35(1):13-20.
28. Robbins AS, Rubenstein, LZ, Josephson KR et al. Predictors of falls among elderly people. Results of two population-based studies. Archives of Internal Medicine 1989;149(7):1628-33.
29. Frontera WR, Meredith CN, O'Reilly KP et al. Strength conditioning in older men: skeletal muscle hypertrophy and improved function. Journal of Applied Physiology 1988;64(3):1038-44.
30. Lord SR, Ward JA. & Williams P. Exercise effect on dynamic stability in older women: a randomized controlled trial. Archives of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation 1996;77(3):232-6.
31. Fozard JL, Vercryssen M, Reynolds SL et al. Age differences and changes in reaction time: the Baltimore Longitudinal Study of Aging. Journal of Gerontology 1994;49(4):179-89.
32. Grabiner MD & Jahnigen DW. Modeling recovery from stumbles: preliminary data on variable selection and classification efficacy. Journal of the American Geriatrics Society 1992;40(9):910-3.
33. Lord SR. & Fitzpatrick RC. Choice stepping reaction time: a composite measure of falls risk in older people. Journals of Gerontology 2001;56(10):M627-32.
34. Lord S, Menz H & Tiedemann A. A physiological profile approach to falls risk assessment and prevention. Physical Therapy 2003;83(3):237-252.
35. Mathias SNU, Issacs B. Balance in elderly patients: The "get-up and go" test. Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation 1986;67:387-389.
36. Csuka M & McCarty DJ. Simple method for measurement of lower extremity muscle strength. Am J Med 1985;78:77-8.
37. Chandler JM, Duncan PW, Weiner DK et al. The Home Assessment Profile - a reliable and valid assessment tool. Topics in Geriatric Rehabilitation 2001;16:77-88.