Imaging of non-small cell lung cancer

Radiologic Clinics of North America

Volumn 43, Issue 3, 2005, Pages 467-480

  Munden, Reginald F ^a   Bruzzi, John ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF TEXAS MD ANDERSON CANCER CENTER   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ANTINEOPLASTIC AGENT; BLEOMYCIN; BUSULFAN; CARMUSTINE; CYCLOPHOSPHAMIDE; CYTARABINE; ETOPOSIDE; FLUORODEOXYGLUCOSE F 18; GEFITINIB; GEMCITABINE; METHOTREXATE; PACLITAXEL;

BONE METASTASIS; BRAIN METASTASIS; CANCER CHEMOTHERAPY; CANCER DIAGNOSIS; CANCER INVASION; CANCER PALLIATIVE THERAPY; CANCER RADIOTHERAPY; CANCER RECURRENCE; CANCER SIZE; CANCER STAGING; CANCER SURGERY; COMPUTER ASSISTED TOMOGRAPHY; CONTRAST ENHANCEMENT; COST EFFECTIVENESS ANALYSIS; DIAGNOSTIC ACCURACY; DIAGNOSTIC ERROR; DIAGNOSTIC IMAGING; DIAGNOSTIC VALUE; FOLLOW UP; HUMAN; IMAGE ENHANCEMENT; LUNG; LUNG FIBROSIS; LUNG INFECTION; LUNG INJURY; LUNG NON SMALL CELL CANCER; LYMPH NODE METASTASIS; METASTASIS; MULTIMODALITY CANCER THERAPY; NEUROIMAGING; NUCLEAR MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING; PATIENT CARE; PATIENT MONITORING; POSITRON EMISSION TOMOGRAPHY; POSTOPERATIVE COMPLICATION; PRIORITY JOURNAL; PROGNOSIS; RADIATION INJURY; RADIOLOGIST; REVIEW; THORAX RADIOGRAPHY; TREATMENT CONTRAINDICATION; TREATMENT INDICATION; TREATMENT OUTCOME; TREATMENT PLANNING; TUMOR VOLUME;

EID: 17444378228     PISSN: 00338389     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.rcl.2005.01.009     Document Type: Review

References (118)

1. A. Jemal, R.C. Tiwari, and T. Murray Cancer statistics, 2004 CA Cancer J Clin 54 2004 8 29
2. C.F. Mountain Revisions in the international system for staging lung cancer Chest 111 1997 1710 1717
3. D. Lardinois, W. Weder, and T.F. Hany Staging of non-small-cell lung cancer with integrated positron-emission tomography and computed tomography N Engl J Med 348 2003 2500 2507
4. Clinical practice guidelines for the treatment of unresectable non-small-cell lung cancer. Adopted on May 16, 1997 by the American Society of Clinical Oncology J Clin Oncol 15 1997 2996 3018
5. S. Tyldesley, C. Boyd, and K. Schulze Estimating the need for radiotherapy for lung cancer: an evidence-based, epidemiologic approach Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 49 2001 973 985
6. F.B. Zimmermann, M. Bamberg, and M. Molls Radiation therapy alone in early stage non-small cell lung cancer Semin Surg Oncol 21 2003 91 97
7. W. Eberhardt, M. Stuschke, and G. Stamatis Preoperative chemoradiation approaches to locally advanced non-small-cell lung cancer: one man's pride, another man's burden? Ann Oncol 15 2004 365 367
8. A. Bhatnagar, J.C. Flickinger, and S. Bahri Update on results of multifield conformal radiation therapy of non-small-cell lung cancer using multileaf collimated beams Clin Lung Cancer 3 2002 259 264
9. W.J. Curran Jr Evolving chemoradiation treatment strategies for locally advanced non-small-cell lung cancer Oncology (Huntingt) 17 2003 7 14
10. R. MacRae, and H. Choy Concurrent chemoradiotherapy for inoperable stage III non-small-cell lung cancer Curr Oncol Rep 5 2003 313 317
11. Pretreatment evaluation of non-small-cell lung cancer. The American Thoracic Society and The European Respiratory Society [This official statement of the American Thoracic Society and the European Respiratory Society was adopted by the ATS Board of Directors, March 1997, and by the ERS Executive Committee, April 1997, and endorsed by the American College of Chest Physicians Board of Regents] Am J Respir Crit Care Med 156 1997 320 332
12. J.F. Vansteenkiste, and S.G. Stroobants Positron emission tomography in the management of non-small cell lung cancer Hematol Oncol Clin North Am 18 2004 269 288
13. G. Antoch, J. Stattaus, and A.T. Nemat Non-small cell lung cancer: dual-modality PET/CT in preoperative staging Radiology 229 2003 526 533
14. J. Deslauriers, J. Gregoire, and L.F. Jacques Sleeve lobectomy versus pneumonectomy for lung cancer: a comparative analysis of survival and sites or recurrences Ann Thorac Surg 77 2004 1152 1156 [discussion: 1156]
15. J.D. Mitchell, D.J. Mathisen, and C.D. Wright Resection for bronchogenic carcinoma involving the carina: long-term results and effect of nodal status on outcome J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 121 2001 465 471
16. L.E. Quint, and I.R. Francis Radiologic staging of lung cancer J Thorac Imaging 14 1999 235 246
17. G.M. Glazer, B.H. Gross, and L.E. Quint Normal mediastinal lymph nodes: number and size according to American Thoracic Society Mapping AJR Am J Roentgenol 144 1985 261 265
18. W.R. Webb, C. Gatsonis, and E.A. Zerhouni CT and MR imaging in staging non-small cell bronchogenic carcinoma: report of the Radiologic Diagnostic Oncology Group Radiology 178 1991 705 713
19. B. Padovani, J. Mouroux, and L. Seksik Chest wall invasion by bronchogenic carcinoma: evaluation with MR imaging Radiology 187 1993 33 38
20. N. Martini, R. Heelan, and J. Westcott Comparative merits of conventional, computed tomographic, and magnetic resonance imaging in assessing mediastinal involvement in surgically confirmed lung carcinoma J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 90 1985 639 648
21. T.C. McLoud CT of bronchogenic carcinoma: indeterminate mediastinal invasion Radiology 173 1989 15 16
22. N.L. Muller, and R.R. Miller Neuroendocrine carcinomas of the lung Semin Roentgenol 25 1990 96 104
23. J.R. Jett, W.J. Scott, and M.P. Rivera Guidelines on treatment of stage IIIB non-small cell lung cancer Chest 123 2003 221S 225S
24. D.H. Grunenwald Surgery for advanced stage lung cancer Semin Surg Oncol 18 2000 137 142
25. R.J. Burnett, and D.E. Wood The new lung cancer staging system: What does it mean? Surg Oncol Clin N Am 8 1999 231 244
26. S.S. Leong, C.M.R. Lima, and C.A. Sherman The 1997 international staging system for non-small cell lung cancer Chest 115 1999 242 248
27. A.C. Society Cancer facts and figures-1997. Racial and ethnic patterns 1997 American Cancer Society Atlanta
28. C.F. Mountain Prognostic implications of the International Staging System for Lung Cancer Semin Oncol 15 1988 236 245
29. J.J. Erasmus, H.P. McAdams, and S.E. Rossi FDG PET of pleural effusions in patients with non-small cell lung cancer AJR Am J Roentgenol 175 2000 245 249
30. T. Bury, P. Paulus, and A. Dowlati Evaluation of pleural diseases with FDG-PET imaging: preliminary report Thorax 52 1997 187 189
31. A. Carretta, C. Landoni, and G. Melloni 18-FDG positron emission tomography in the evaluation of malignant pleural diseases - a pilot study Eur J Cardiothorac Surg 17 2000 377 383
32. G.J. Schaffler, G. Wolf, and H. Schoellnast Non-small cell lung cancer: evaluation of pleural abnormalities on CT scans with 18F FDG PET Radiology 231 2004 858 865
33. J. Chavaudra, and A. Bridier Definition of volumes in external radiotherapy: ICRU reports 50 and 62 Cancer Radiother 5 2001 472 478
34. J.A. Purdy Current ICRU definitions of volumes: limitations and future directions Semin Radiat Oncol 14 2004 27 40
35. WHO handbook for reporting results of cancer treatment. Offset Publication No. 48 1979 World Health Organization Geneva
36. A.B. Miller, B. Hoogstraten, and M. Staquet Reporting results of cancer treatment Cancer 47 1981 207 214
37. P. Therasse, S.G. Arbuck, and E.A. Eisenhauer New guidelines to evaluate the response to treatment in solid tumors. European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer, National Cancer Institute of the United States, National Cancer Institute of Canada J Natl Cancer Inst 92 2000 205 216
38. C.F. Mountain, and C.M. Dresler Regional lymph node classification for lung cancer staging Chest 111 1997 1718 1723
39. T. Naruke, K. Suemasu, and S. Ishikawa Lymph node mapping and curability at various levels of metastasis in resected lung cancer J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 76 1978 832 839
40. R.E. Dales, R.M. Stark, and S. Raman Computed tomography to stage lung cancer: approaching a controversy using meta-analysis Am Rev Respir Dis 141 1990 1096 1101
41. B.A. Dwamena, S. Sonnad, and S. Angobaldo Metastases from non-small cell lung cancer. Mediastinal staging in the 1990's: meta-analytic comparison of PET and CT Radiology 213 1999 530 536
42. V. Kalff, R.J. Hicks, and M.P. MacManus Clinical impact of (18)F fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography in patients with non-small-cell lung cancer: a prospective study J Clin Oncol 19 2001 111 118
43. M. Dietlein, K. Weber, and A. Gandjour Cost-effectiveness of FDG-PET for the management of solitary pulmonary nodules: a decision analysis based on cost reimbursement in Germany Eur J Nucl Med 27 2000 1441 1456
44. E.F. Patz Jr, V.J. Lowe, and P.C. Goodman Thoracic nodal staging with PET imaging with 18FDG in patients with bronchogenic carcinoma Chest 108 1995 1617 1621
45. H. Steinert, M. Hauser, and F. Allenman Non-small cell lung cancer: nodal staging with FDG PET versus CT with correlative lymph node mapping and sampling Radiology 202 1997 441 446
46. R.L. Wahl, L.E. Quint, and R.L. Greenough Staging of mediastinal non-small cell lung cancer with FDG PET, CT, and fusion images: preliminary prospective evaluation Radiology 191 1994 371 377
47. D.W. von Haag, D.M. Follette, and P.F. Roberts Advantages of positron emission tomography over computed tomography in mediastinal staging of non-small cell lung cancer J Surg Res 103 2002 160 164
48. J.F. Vansteenkiste, S.G. Stroobants, and P.R. De Leyn Lymph node staging in non-small-cell lung cancer with FDG-PET scan: a prospective study on 690 lymph node stations from 68 patients J Clin Oncol 16 1998 2142 2149
49. R.W. Tahara, R.P. Lackner, and L.M. Graver Is there a role for routine mediastinoscopy in patients with peripheral T1 lung cancers? Am J Surg 180 2000 488 491 [discussion: 491]
50. J.M. Seely, J.R. Mayo, and R.R. Miller T1 Lung cancer: prevalence of mediastinal nodal metastases and diagnostic accuracy of CT Radiology 186 1993 129 132
51. Y.S. Choi, Y.M. Shim, and J. Kim Mediastinoscopy in patients with clinical stage I non-small cell lung cancer Ann Thorac Surg 75 2003 364 366
52. J. Bradley, W.L. Thorstad, and S. Mutic Impact of FDG-PET on radiation therapy volume delineation in non-small-cell lung cancer Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 59 2004 78 86
53. A. Salvatierra, C. Baamonde, and J.M. Llamas Extrathoracic staging of bronchogenic carcinoma Chest 97 1990 1052 1058
54. Chemotherapy in non-small cell lung cancer: a meta-analysis using updated data on individual patients from 52 randomised clinical trials. Non-small Cell Lung Cancer Collaborative Group BMJ 311 1995 899 909
55. J. Wong, L.B. Haramati, and A. Rozenshtein Non-small-cell lung cancer: practice patterns of extrathoracic imaging Acad Radiol 6 1999 211 215
56. M.E.J. Nielsen, D.K. Heaston, and N.R. Dunnick Preoperative CT evaluation of adrenal glands in non-small cell bronchogenic carcinoma AJR Am J Roentgenol 139 1982 317 320
57. T.W.J. Oliver, M.E. Bernardino, and J.I. Miller Isolated adrenal masses in non-small-cell bronchogenic carcinoma Radiology 153 1984 217 218
58. J.J. Pagani Normal adrenal glands in small cell lung carcinoma: CT-guided biopsy AJR Am J Roentgenol 140 1983 949 951
59. J.J. Pagani Non-small cell lung carcinoma adrenal metastases Cancer 53 1984 1058 1060
60. W.W. Mayo-Smith, G.W. Boland, and R.B. Noto State-of-the-art adrenal imaging Radiographics 21 2001 995 1012
61. G.W. Boland, M.J. Lee, and G.S. Gazelle Characterization of adrenal masses using unenhanced CT: an analysis of the CT literature AJR Am J Roentgenol 171 1998 201 204
62. N.C. Gupta, G.M. Graeber, and W.J. Tamim Clinical utility of PET-FDG imaging in differentiation of benign from malignant adrenal masses in lung cancer Clin Lung Cancer 3 2001 59 64
63. J.J. Erasmus, E.F. Patz, and H.P. McAdams Evaluation of adrenal masses in patients with bronchogenic carcinoma by using 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography AJR Am J Roentgenol 168 1997 1357 1360
64. H. Porte, J. Siat, and B. Guibert Resection of adrenal metastases from non-small cell lung cancer: a multicenter study Ann Thorac Surg 71 2001 981 985
65. W.W. Mayo-Smith, and D.E. Dupuy Adrenal neoplasms: CT-guided radiofrequency ablation-preliminary results Radiology 231 2004 225 230
66. R.G. Hooper, M.F. Tenholder, and G.H. Underwood Computed tomographic scanning of the brain in initial staging of bronchogenic carcinoma Chest 85 1984 774 776
67. B.J. Mintz, S. Tuhrim, and S. Alexander Intracranial metastases in the initial staging of bronchogenic carcinoma Chest 86 1984 850 853
68. S.J. Newman, and H.H. Hansen Proceedings: Frequency, diagnosis, and treatment of brain metastases in 247 consecutive patients with bronchogenic carcinoma Cancer 33 1974 492 496
69. P.S. Billing, D.L. Miller, and M.S. Allen Surgical treatment of primary lung cancer with synchronous brain metastases J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 122 2001 548 553
70. M. Burt, M. Wronski, and E. Arbit Resection of brain metastases from non-small-cell lung carcinoma. Results of therapy. Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center Thoracic Surgical Staff J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 103 1992 399 410 [discussion: 391-410]
71. G.L. Colice, J.D. Birkmeyer, and W.C. Black Cost-effectiveness of head CT in patients with lung cancer without clinical evidence of metastases Chest 108 1995 1264 1271
72. G.A. Silvestri, B. Littenberg, and G.L. Colice The clinical evaluation for detecting metastatic lung cancer Am J Respir Crit Care Med 152 1995 225 230
73. K. Yokoi, N. Kamiya, and H. Matsuguma Detection of brain metastasis in potentially operable non-small cell lung cancer: a comparison of CT and MRI Chest 115 1999 714 719
74. E.M. Marom, H.P. McAdams, and J.J. Erasmus Staging non-small cell lung cancer with whole body positron emission tomography Radiology 212 1999 803 809
75. I. Brink, T. Schumacher, and M. Mix Impact of [(18)F]FDG-PET on the primary staging of small-cell lung cancer Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging 31 2004 1614 1620
76. G. Larcos, and M.N. Maisey FDG-PET screening for cerebral metastases in patients with suspected malignancy Nucl Med Commun 17 1996 197 198
77. T. Bury, A. Barreto, and F. Daenen Fluorine-18 deoxyglucose positron emission tomography for the detection of bone metastases in patients with non-small cell lung cancer Eur J Nucl Med 25 1998 1244 1247
78. C.P. Hsu, S.E. Shai, and J.Y. Hsia Clinical significance of bone marrow microinvolvement in non-small cell lung carcinoma Cancer 100 2004 794 800
79. A.G. Little, and F.P. Stitik Clinical staging of patients with non-small cell lung cancer Chest 97 1990 1431 1438
80. F. Michel, M. Soler, and E. Imhof Initial staging of non-small cell lung cancer: value of routine radioisotope bone scanning Thorax 46 1991 469 473
81. F.P. Stitik Staging of lung cancer Radiol Clin North Am 28 1990 619 630
82. S. Eustace, R. Tello, and V. DeCarvalho A comparison of whole-body turboSTIR MR imaging and planar 99mTc-methylene diphosphonate scintigraphy in the examination of patients with suspected skeletal metastases AJR Am J Roentgenol 169 1997 1655 1661
83. S.K. Cheran, J.E. Herndon II, and E.F. Patz Jr Comparison of whole-body FDG-PET to bone scan for detection of bone metastases in patients with a new diagnosis of lung cancer Lung Cancer 44 2004 317 325
84. P.E. Valk, T.R. Pounds, and D.M. Hopkins Staging non-small cell lung cancer by whole-body positron emission tomographic imaging Ann Thorac Surg 60 1995 1573 1582
85. R.C. Viney, M.J. Boyer, and M.T. King Randomized controlled trial of the role of positron emission tomography in the management of stage I and II non-small-cell lung cancer J Clin Oncol 22 2004 2357 2362
86. H. van Tinteren, O.S. Hoekstra, and E.F. Smit Effectiveness of positron emission tomography in the preoperative assessment of patients with suspected non-small-cell lung cancer: the PLUS multicentre randomised trial Lancet 359 2002 1388 1393
87. P. Verboom, H. van Tinteren, and O.S. Hoekstra Cost-effectiveness of FDG-PET in staging non-small cell lung cancer: the PLUS study Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging 30 2003 1444 1449
88. L. Cave HCFA approves Medicare coverage of PET scans J Natl Cancer Inst 93 2001 177
89. L.E. Heyneman, and E.F. Patz PET imaging in patients with bronchioloalveolar cell carcinoma Lung Cancer 38 2002 261 266
90. J.F. Regnard, P. Icard, and M. Deneuville Lung resection after high doses of mediastinal radiotherapy (sixty grays or more): reinforcement of bronchial healing with thoracic muscle flaps in nine cases J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 107 1994 607 610
91. M. Bhalla, J.C. Wain, and J.A. Shepard Surgical flaps in the chest: anatomic considerations, applications, and radiologic appearance Radiology 192 1994 825 830
92. H.I. Libshitz, and L.S. Shuman Radiation-induced pulmonary change: CT findings J Comput Assist Tomogr 8 1984 15 19
93. Y.W. Choi, R.F. Munden, and J.J. Erasmus Effects of radiation therapy on the lung: radiologic appearances and differential diagnosis Radiographics 24 2004 985 997 [discussion: 998]
94. H.I. Libshitz, and D.G. Sheppard Filling in of radiation therapy-induced bronchiectatic change: a reliable sign of locally recurrent lung cancer Radiology 210 1999 25 27
95. A.L. Bachman, and K. Macken Pleural effusions following supervoltage radiation for breast carcinoma Radiology 72 1959 699 709
96. R.J. Carmel, and H.S. Kaplan Mantle irradiation in Hodgkin's disease: an analysis of technique, tumor eradication, and complications Cancer 37 1976 2813 2825
97. J.M. Cosset, M. Henry-Amar, and B. Pellae-Cosset Pericarditis and myocardial infarctions after Hodgkin's disease therapy Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 21 1991 447 449
98. H.I. Libshitz, R.A. DuBrow, and E.M. Loyer Radiation change in normal organs: an overview of body imaging Eur Radiol 6 1996 786 795
99. J.R. Stewart, L.F. Fajardo, and S.M. Gillette Radiation injury to the heart Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 31 1995 1205 1211
100. J.G. Armstrong Three-dimensional conformal radiotherapy: precision treatment of lung cancer Chest Surg Clin N Am 4 1994 29 43
101. B. Emami Three-dimensional conformal radiation therapy in bronchogenic carcinoma Semin Radiat Oncol 6 1996 92 97
102. M.V. Graham, J.W. Matthews, and W.B. Harms Sr Three-dimensional radiation treatment planning study for patients with carcinoma of the lung Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 29 1994 1105 1117
103. L.B. Marks, and G. Sibley The rationale and use of three-dimensional radiation treatment planning for lung cancer Chest 116 1999 539S 549S
104. J.M. Metz, and E. Glatstein Local control versus systemic control: is the cart coming before the oncologic horse? Cancer J 6 2000 66 68
105. T.R. Koenig, R.F. Munden, and J.J. Erasmus Radiation injury of the lung after three-dimensional conformal radiation therapy AJR Am J Roentgenol 178 2002 1383 1388
106. T. Takeda, A. Takeda, and E. Kunieda Radiation injury after hypofractionated stereotactic radiotherapy for peripheral small lung tumors: serial changes on CT AJR Am J Roentgenol 182 2004 1123 1128
107. T. Aoki, Y. Nagata, and Y. Negoro Evaluation of lung injury after three-dimensional conformal stereotactic radiation therapy for solitary lung tumors: CT appearance Radiology 230 2004 101 108
108. J.J. Erasmus, H.P. McAdams, and S.E. Rossi Drug-induced lung injury Semin Roentgenol 37 2002 72 81
109. P.M. Boiselle, M.M. Morrin, and M.S. Huberman Gemcitabine pulmonary toxicity: CT features J Comput Assist Tomogr 24 2000 977 980
110. A. Gurjal, T. An, and M. Valdivieso Etoposide-induced pulmonary toxicity Lung Cancer 26 1999 109 112
111. R.K. Ramanathan, V.V. Reddy, and J.M. Holbert Pulmonary infiltrates following administration of paclitaxel Chest 110 1996 289 292
112. M.H. Cohen, G.A. Williams, and R. Sridhara United States Food and Drug Administration Drug approval summary: gefitinib (ZD1839; Iressa) tablets Clin Cancer Res 10 2004 1212 1218
113. J.F. Vansteenkiste, S.G. Stroobants, and P.R. De Leyn Potential use of FDG-PET scan after induction chemotherapy in surgically staged IIIa-N2 non-small-cell lung cancer: a prospective pilot study. The Leuven Lung Cancer Group Ann Oncol 9 1998 1193 1198
114. W.A. Weber, V. Petersen, and B. Schmidt Positron emission tomography in non-small-cell lung cancer: prediction of response to chemotherapy by quantitative assessment of glucose use J Clin Oncol 21 2003 2651 2657
115. S. Stroobants, J. Verschakelen, and J. Vansteenkiste Value of FDG-PET in the management of non-small cell lung cancer Eur J Radiol 45 2003 49 59
116. J.S. Ryu, N.C. Choi, and A.J. Fischman FDG-PET in staging and restaging non-small cell lung cancer after neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy: correlation with histopathology Lung Cancer 35 2002 179 187
117. W.T. Sause, C. Scott, and S. Taylor Radiation Therapy Oncology Group (RTOG) 88-08 and Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) 4588: preliminary results of a phase III trial in regionally advanced, unresectable non-small-cell lung cancer J Natl Cancer Inst 87 1995 198 205
118. B. Jeremic, Y. Shibamoto, and L. Acimovic Hyperfractionated radiation therapy with or without concurrent low-dose daily carboplatin/etoposide for stage III non-small-cell lung cancer: a randomized study J Clin Oncol 14 1996 1065 1070