Turkey, a "Secular" state? The challenge of description

South Atlantic Quarterly

Volumn 102, Issue 2-3, 2003, Pages 333-350

  Davison, Andrew ^a  

^a NONE

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[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 17444367298     PISSN: 00382876     EISSN: 15278026     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1215/00382876-102-2-3-333     Document Type: Review

References (49)

1. See Parla and Davison, "Secularism and Laicism."
2. Charles Taylor, "Modes of Secularism," in Secularism and Its Critics, ed. Rajeev Bhargava (Delhi: Oxford University Press, 1998), 32
3. George Jacob Holyoake, The Principles of Secularism, rev. 3d ed. (London: Austin and Company, 1870), 6
4. Roy Wallis and Steve Bruce, "Secularization: The Orthodox Model," in Religion and Modernization: Sociologists and Historians Debate the Secularization Thesis, ed. Steve Bruce (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1992), 8-9
5. Owen Chadwick, The Secularization of the European Mind in the Nineteenth Century (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1975). 17
6. Garry Wills, Under Cod: Religion and American Politics (New York: Simon and Schuster, 1990), 25
7. Michael J. Sandel, "Religious Liberty: Freedom of Choice or Freedom of Conscience," in Bhargava, Secularism and Its Critics, 75
8. See Gabriel Almond, "Comparative Political Systems," Journal of Politics 18 (1956): 398
9. Karl Marx, "On the Jewish Question," in Karl Marx: Selected Writings, ed. Lawrence H. Simon (Indianapolis: Hackett, 1994), 6-7
10. Kai Nielsen, "Morality and the Will of God," in Critiques of God: Making the Case against Belief in God (Amherst, NY: Prometheus, 1997), 249
11. Ellen Willis, "Freedom from Religion: What's at Stake in Faith-Based Politics," Nation, February 19, 2001, 12
12. Taylor, "Modes of Secularism," 33
13. See, for example, essays in Bhargava, Secularism and Its Critics
14. John Keane, "The Limits of Secularism," in Islam and Secularism in the Middle East, ed. John L. Esposito and Azzam Tamimi (New York: New York University Press, 2000), 31-36
15. and William E. Connolly, Why I Am Not a Secularist (Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 1999)
16. See, for example, Dale Eickelman and Joseph Piscatori, Muslim Politics (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1996), 52
17. Much of this discussion is based on evidence presented in Andrew Davison, Secularism and Revivalism, 134-88
18. Binnaz Toprak, "Islam and the Secular State in Turkey," in Turkey: Political, Social and Economic Challenges in the 1990s, ed. Çiǧdem Balim, et al. (Leiden: E. J. Brill, 1995), 35
19. Şerif Mardin, "Religion in Modern Turkey," International Social Journal 29 (1977): 287
20. and "Turkey, Islam, and Westernization," in Religion and Societies: Asia and the Middle East, ed. C. Caldarola (Berlin: Mouton, 1982), 179
21. Howard A. Reed, "Atatürk's Secularizing Legacy and the Continuing Vitality of Islam in Republican Turkey," in Islam in the Contemporary World, ed. C. K. Pullapilly (Indianapolis: Cross Roads, 1970), 330
22. See Ismail Kaplan, "The National Education Ideology in Turkey and Its Implications for Political Socialization" (Ph.D. diss., Boǧaziçi University, 1998)
23. and David Shankland, Islam and Society in Turkey (Cambridgeshire: Eothen, 1999)
24. See www.diyanet.gov.tr/duyurular/istisariingl.htm
25. For further research, see www. diyanet.gov.tr - Diyanet is the first word of the Turkish title of the DIR, so that's the DIR-dot-gov, emphasis added
26. İlter Turan, "Religion and Political Culture in Turkey: Islam in Modern Turkey," in Islam in Modern Turkey, ed. Richard Tapper (London: I. B.Tauris and Co., 1991), 42
27. Alfred Stepan, Arguing Comparative Politics (New York: Oxford University Press, 2001), 245
28. I borrow the phrasing from Jean Bauberot, "The Two Thresholds of Laïcization," in Bhargava, Secularism and Its Critics, 97
29. For analysis, see especially Taha Parla, Kemalist Tek-Parti İdeolojisi ve CHP'nin Alti Ok'u (Türkiye'de Siyasal Kültürün Resmi Kaynaklan: Cilt 3) [The Ideology of the Kemalist Single-Party and the RPP's Six Arrows, vol. 3 of The Official Sources of Political Culture in Turkey] (Istanbul: İletişim, 1992), 256-89
30. Mustafa Kemal Atatürk, A Speech Delivered by Ghazi Mustapha Kemal, President of the Turkish Republic (Leipzig: K. F. Koehler, 1929), 684
31. See analysis in Davison, Secularism, 160ff
32. Niyazi Berkes, The Development of Secularism in Turkey (Montreal: McGill University Press, 1964), 484
33. Mahmut Esat Bozkurt, "Preface to theTurkish Civil Code [1926]," translated and analyzed in Davison, Secularism, 167-73
34. Şerif Mardin, "Religion and Secularism in Turkey," in Atatürk, the Founder of a Modern State, ed. Ergun Özbudun and Ali Kazancigil (London: C. Hurst and Co., 1981), 194
35. and "Religion and Politics in Modern Turkey," in Islam in the Political Process, ed. James Piscatori (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1983), 139
36. See Hamid Dabashi, Theology of Discontent: The Ideological Foundation of the Islamic Revolution in Iran (New York: New York University Press, 1993), 407
37. Alain Bergounioux, La laïcité, valeur de la République," Revue Français d'études constitutionnelles et politiquesw 75 (1998): 17-26
38. quotation from 18, translated and quoted in Susanna Kalitowski, "A Reevaluation of French Laïcité (unpublished seminar paper, "Theorizing Secularity," Vassar College, May 8, 2001)
39. Şerif Mardin, "Islam in Mass Society: Harmony Versus Polarization," in Politics in the Third Turkish Republic, ed. Metin Heper and Ahmet Evin (Boulder, CO: Westview, 1994), 165
40. Bauberot, "Two Thresholds," 100-1
41. John L. Esposito, "Introduction: Islam and Secularism in the Twenty-First Century," in Esposito and Tamimi, Islam and Secularism in the Middle East, 3
42. Şerif Mardin, "Projects As Methodology: Some Thoughts on Modern Turkish Social Science," in Rethinking Modernity and National Identity in Turkey, ed. Sibel Bozdoǧan and Reşat Kasaba (Seattle: University of Washington Press, 1997), 70
43. Şerif Mardin, "Center-Periphery Relations: A Key to Turkish Politics?" Daedalus 102 (December 1973): 169-96
44. Max Weber, "Domination by Economic Power and by Authority," in Power, ed. Steven Lukes (New York: New York University Press, 1985), 28
45. "Turkey: A Struggle between Nation and State," a special issue of Journal of International Affairs 54.1 (Fall 2000): 338
46. Timothy Mitchell, introduction to Questions of Modernity, ed. Timothy Mitchell (Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 2000), xiii
47. Gerald F.Gaus, Political Conceptsand Political Theories (Boulder, CO: Westview, 2000), 33
48. Rajeev Bhargava, introduction to Secularism and Its Critics, 3. A good example is found in Rochana Bajpai, "The Conceptual Vocabularies of Secularism and Minority Rights in India," Journal of Political Ideologies 7.2 (2000): 179-97
49. I have in mind the understanding of deconstruction found in Nancy Fraser, Justice Interruptus: Critical Reflections on the "Postsocialist" Condition (New York: Routledge, 1997), 11-40