The suppression of communism by force of law: Australia in the early 1950s

Australian Journal of Politics and History

Volumn 42, Issue 2, 1996, Pages 220-240

  Williams, George ^a  

^a NONE

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 17244369252     PISSN: 00049522     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1111/j.1467-8497.1996.tb01364.x     Document Type: Article

References (18)

1. Commonwealth Parliamentary Debates (hereafter referred to as CPD), 4 May 1950, p. 2219. According to G. Souter, Acts of Parliament (Melbourne: Melbourne University Press, 1988), p. 622, n. 413 "Heil Menzies" was reported by the press.
2. Commonwealth Parliamentary Debates (hereafter referred to as CPD), 4 May 1950, p. 2219. According to G. Souter, Acts of Parliament (Melbourne: Melbourne University Press, 1988), p. 622, n. 413 "Heil Menzies" was reported by the press.
3. See M. Kirby, "H V Evatt, The Anti-Communist Referendum and Liberty in Australia", Australian Bar Review 7 (1991): 100-101, 119; The Doc (Sydney: ABC Radio Tapes, 29 July 1988), Pt. 3. In the words of N. Cowper, "Action Against Communism", Australian Quarterly 22 (March 1950): 6, "Why oppose Satan if we are going to adopt his ways?"
4. See M. Kirby, "H V Evatt, The Anti-Communist Referendum and Liberty in Australia", Australian Bar Review 7 (1991): 100-101, 119; The Doc (Sydney: ABC Radio Tapes, 29 July 1988), Pt. 3. In the words of N. Cowper, "Action Against Communism", Australian Quarterly 22 (March 1950): 6, "Why oppose Satan if we are going to adopt his ways?"
5. See M. Kirby, "H V Evatt, The Anti-Communist Referendum and Liberty in Australia", Australian Bar Review 7 (1991): 100-101, 119; The Doc (Sydney: ABC Radio Tapes, 29 July 1988), Pt. 3. In the words of N. Cowper, "Action Against Communism", Australian Quarterly 22 (March 1950): 6, "Why oppose Satan if we are going to adopt his ways?"
6. According to R. Bunting, R. G. Menzies: A Portrait (Sydney: Allen & Unwin, 1988), p. vii, the only thing that Menzies and Evatt had in common was a love of cricket.
7. According to P. Joske, Sir Robert Menzies (Sydney: Angus & Robertson, 1978), p. 18, Menzies did not enlist because his two elder brothers had done so and because "It was considered at the time a fair thing if two boys out of a family of four went to the war".
8. According to C. M. H. Clark, A History of Australia (Melbourne: Melbourne University Press, 1987), vol. VI, pp. 7-8, 278, a student at the University of Melbourne quipped that the "promising military career of Robert Gordon Menzies was cut short by the outbreak of war".
9. Amalgamated Society of Engineers ν Adelaide Steamship Co Ltd (1920) 28 Commonwealth Law Reports 129. Evatt held a junior brief in the case for Menzies' opponents.
10. A. W. Martin, Robert Menzies: A Life (Melbourne: Melbourne University Press, 1993), pp. 130, 134-5.
11. J. Brett, Robert Menzies' Forgotten People (Sydney: Macmillan, 1992), p. 75. Cf. ibid, pp. 113, 192-3.
12. J. Brett, Robert Menzies' Forgotten People (Sydney: Macmillan, 1992), p. 75. Cf. ibid, pp. 113, 192-3.
13. Martin, Menzies, p. 413 states that Menzies, after Evatt lifted the ban on the ACP in December 1942, held the view that the party should again be proscribed.
14. Other organisations, including the Jehovah's Witnesses, were also banned. F. Cain, The Origins of Political Surveillance in Australia (Sydney: Angus & Robertson, 1983), p. 271 has written "Once the banning of left radical political parties started it was difficult to know where to stop and decisions became increasingly arbitrary."
15. Martin, Menzies, pp. 296-7.
16. P. Hasluck, The Government and the People, 1939-1941, vol. 1 in ser. 4 (civil) in Australia in the War of 1939-1945 (Canberra: Australian War Memorial, 1952), p. 588. Cain, Political Surveillance, p. 268 states that the decision to ban the ACP was taken after the government was informed that the ACP was at the centre of a strike on the southern New South Wales coalfields and that the ACP was planning to sabotage the mines if outside labour was introduced.
17. P. Hasluck, The Government and the People, 1939-1941, vol. 1 in ser. 4 (civil) in Australia in the War of 1939-1945 (Canberra: Australian War Memorial, 1952), p. 588. Cain, Political Surveillance, p. 268 states that the decision to ban the ACP was taken after the government was informed that the ACP was at the centre of a strike on the southern New South Wales coalfields and that the ACP was planning to sabotage the mines if outside labour was introduced.
18. R. Menzies, Afternoon Light (Ringwood, Victoria: Penguin Books, 1967), p. 52 describes Evatt at the time as being "a seething mass of frustrated ambitions".