Atomic micromotion and geometric forces in a triaxial magnetic trap

Physical Review Letters

Volumn 85, Issue 21, 2000, Pages 4454-4457

  Muller J H ^a   Morsch, O ^a   Ciampini, D ^a   Anderlini, M ^a   Mannella, R ^a   Arimondo, E ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF PISA   (Italy)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ATOMS; MAGNETIC FIELDS; RUBIDIUM;

BOSE-EINSTEIN CONDENSATION; MAGNETIC TRAPPING; TIME-OF-FLIGHT (TOF) METHODS; TIME-ORBITING-POTENTIAL (TOP) TRAPS;

MOLECULAR DYNAMICS;

EID: 17144466727     PISSN: 00319007     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.85.4454     Document Type: Article

References (23)

1. See recent reviews by W. Ketterle et al., in Bose-Einstein Condensation in Atomic Gases, edited by M. Inguscio, S. Stringari, and C. Wieman (IOS Press, Amsterdam, 1999); E. Cornell et al., ibid.
2. See recent reviews by W. Ketterle et al., in Bose-Einstein Condensation in Atomic Gases, edited by M. Inguscio, S. Stringari, and C. Wieman (IOS Press, Amsterdam, 1999); E. Cornell et al., ibid.
3. W. Petrich et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 74, 3352 (1995).
4. E. W. Hagley et al., Science 283, 1706 (1999).
5. M. V. Berry, in Geometric Phases in Physics, edited by A. Shapere and F. Wilczek (World Scientific, Singapore, 1989), pp. 1-28.
6. Y. Aharonov and A. Stern, Phys. Rev. Lett. 69, 3593 (1992); R.G. Littlejohn and S. Weigert, Phys. Rev. A 48, 924 (1993); M. V. Berry and J.M. Robbins, Proc. R. Soc. London A 442, 641 (1993); M. V. Berry ibid. 452, 1207 (1996).
7. Y. Aharonov and A. Stern, Phys. Rev. Lett. 69, 3593 (1992); R.G. Littlejohn and S. Weigert, Phys. Rev. A 48, 924 (1993); M. V. Berry and J.M. Robbins, Proc. R. Soc. London A 442, 641 (1993); M. V. Berry ibid. 452, 1207 (1996).
8. Y. Aharonov and A. Stern, Phys. Rev. Lett. 69, 3593 (1992); R.G. Littlejohn and S. Weigert, Phys. Rev. A 48, 924 (1993); M. V. Berry and J.M. Robbins, Proc. R. Soc. London A 442, 641 (1993); M. V. Berry ibid. 452, 1207 (1996).
9. Y. Aharonov and A. Stern, Phys. Rev. Lett. 69, 3593 (1992); R.G. Littlejohn and S. Weigert, Phys. Rev. A 48, 924 (1993); M. V. Berry and J.M. Robbins, Proc. R. Soc. London A 442, 641 (1993); M. V. Berry ibid. 452, 1207 (1996).
10. V. I. Yukalov, Phys. Rev. A 56, 5004 (1997); V. E. Shapiro ibid. 60, 719 (1999).
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13. A. B. Kuklov et al., Phys. Rev. A 55, 488 (1997); V. G. Minogin et al., ibid. 58, 3138 (1998).
14. We used condensates mainly because their small size greatly facilitated precise position measurements. Experiments with evaporatively cooled thermal clouds yielded the same results within the experimental uncertainty.
15. The rotation sensitive condensate position was discussed by D. S. Hall et al. [Proc. SPIE Int. Soc. Opt. Eng. 3270, 98 (1998)]. It is also contained implicitly in the analytical model of [10].
16. S. Gov and S. Shtrikman, J. Appl. Phys. 86, 2250 (1999).
17. TOP traps have been used for BEC in Refs. [2,3] and by D. J. Han et al., Phys. Rev. A 57, R4114 (1998); J. L. Martin et al., J. Phys. B 32, 3065 (1999); J. Arlt et al., ibid. 32, 5861 (1999).
18. TOP traps have been used for BEC in Refs. [2,3] and by D. J. Han et al., Phys. Rev. A 57, R4114 (1998); J. L. Martin et al., J. Phys. B 32, 3065 (1999); J. Arlt et al., ibid. 32, 5861 (1999).
19. TOP traps have been used for BEC in Refs. [2,3] and by D. J. Han et al., Phys. Rev. A 57, R4114 (1998); J. L. Martin et al., J. Phys. B 32, 3065 (1999); J. Arlt et al., ibid. 32, 5861 (1999).
20. J. H. Müller et al. J. Phys. B 33, 4095 (2000).
21. The switch-off time of the bias field, limited by the quality factor of tank circuits was about 150 μs. However, fast switching of the bias field was not required as the atoms are no longer trapped once the quadrupole field is extinguished.
22. We should mention that the agreement between simulations and experiments becomes less satisfactory for very elliptical bias field in the x-y plane.
23. The occurrence of transverse components of the the spin with respect to the real magnetic field lies at the heart of the concept of geometric forces.