Diet and bladder cancer: A meta-analysis of six dietary variables

American Journal of Epidemiology

Volumn 151, Issue 7, 2000, Pages 693-702

  Steinmaus, Craig M ^a   Nuñez, Sandra ^b   Smith, Allan H ^b  

^a UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA   (United States)

^b UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA   (United States)

Author keywords

Bladder neoplasms; Carotene; Diet; Fats; Fruit; Meat; Vegetables; Vitamin A

Indexed keywords

BETA CAROTENE; FAT; RETINOL;

ARTICLE; BLADDER CANCER; CLINICAL TRIAL; DIET; FOOD INTAKE; FRUIT; HUMAN; MEAT; META ANALYSIS; VEGETABLE;

EID: 17144445632     PISSN: 00029262     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a010264     Document Type: Article

References (67)

1. World Health Organization. The world health report. Geneva, Switzerland: World Health Organization, 1997.
2. Silverman DT, Hartge P, Morrison AS, et al. Epidemiology of bladder cancer. Hematol Oncol Clin North Am 1992;6:1-30.
3. Chen CJ, Kuo TL, Wu MM. Arsenic and cancers. (Letter). Lancet 1988;1:414-15.
4. Smith AH, Goycolea M, Haque R, et al. Marked increase in bladder and lung cancer mortality in a region of northern Chile due to arsenic in drinking water. Am J Epidemiol 1998;147: 660-9.
5. Kolonel LN, Hinds MW, Nomura AM, et al. Relationship of dietary vitamin A and ascorbic acid intake to the risk for cancers of the lung, bladder, and prostate in Hawaii. J Natl Cancer Inst Monogr 1985;69:137-42.
6. Middleton B, Byers T, Marshall J, et al. Dietary vitamin A and cancer - a multisite case-control study. Nutr Cancer 1986;8: 107-16.
7. Mettlin C, Graham S. Dietary risk factors in human bladder cancer. Am J Epidemiol 1979;110:255-63.
8. World Cancer Research Fund. Food, nutrition, and the prevention of cancer: a global perspective. Washington, DC: American Institute for Cancer Research, 1997.
9. van Poppel G, van den Berg H. Vitamins and cancer. Cancer Lett 1997;114:195-202.
10. Block G, Patterson B, Subar A. Fruit, vegetables, and cancer prevention: a review of the epidemiological evidence. Nutr Cancer 1992;18:1-29.
11. Steinmetz K, Potter J. Vegetables, fruit, and cancer prevention: a review. J Am Diet Assoc 1996;96:1027-39.
12. Chyou PH, Nomura AM, Stemmermann GN. A prospective study of diet, smoking, and lower urinary tract cancer. Ann Epidemiol 1993;3:211-16.
13. Riboli E, Gonzalez CA, Lopez-Abente G, et al. Diet and bladder cancer in Spain: a multi-centre case-control study. Int J Cancer 1991;49:214-19.
14. Claude J, Kunze E, Frentzel-Beyme R, et al. Life-style and occupational risk factors in cancer of the lower urinary tract. Am J Epidemiol 1986;124:578-89.
15. Wilkens L, Kadir M, Kolonel L, et al. Risk factors for lower urinary tract cancer: the role of total fluid consumption, nitrites and nitrosamines, and selected foods. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 1996;5:161-6.
16. Nomura N, Kolonel L, Hankin J, et al. Dietary factors in cancer of the lower urinary tract. Int J Cancer 1991;48:199-205.
17. Smith P, Jick H. Cancers among users of preparations containing vitamin A. Cancer 1978;42:808-11.
18. Hennekens CH, Buring JE, Manson JE, et al. Lack of effect of long-term supplementation with beta carotene on the incidence of malignant neoplasms and cardiovascular disease. N Engl J Med 1996;334:1145-9.
19. The effect of vitamin E and beta carotene on the incidence of lung cancer and other cancers in male smokers. The Alpha-Tocopherol, Beta Carotene Cancer Prevention Study Group. N Engl J Med 1994;330:1029-35.
20. Potter J. Beta-carotene and the role of intervention studies. Cancer Lett 1997;114:329-31.
21. Mahmoud LA, Robinson WA. Vitamin A levels in human bladder cancer. Int J Cancer 1982;30:143-5.
22. Tyler HA, Notley RG, Schweitzer FA, et al. Vitamin A status and bladder cancer. Eur J Surg Oncol 1986;12:35-41.
23. Smith AH, Waller KD. Serum beta-carotene in persons with cancer and their immediate families. Am J Epidemiol 1991; 133:661-71.
24. Greenland S. Quantitative methods in the review of epidemiologic literature. Epidemiol Rev 1987;9:1-30.
25. Shibata A, Paganini-Hill A, Ross RK, et al. Intake of vegetables, fruits, beta-carotene, vitamin C and vitamin supplements and cancer incidence among the elderly: a prospective study. Br J Cancer 1992;66:673-9.
26. Hebert J, Kabat G. Differences in dietary intake associated with smoking status. Eur J Clin Nutr 1990;44:185-93.
27. Breslow NE, Day NE, eds. Statistical methods in cancer research. Vol. 2. The design and analysis of cohort studies. Lyon, France: International Agency for Research on Cancer, 1987. (IARC scientific publication no. 82).
28. Shore R, Gardner M, Pannett B. Ethylene oxide: an assessment of the epidemiological evidence on carcinogenicity. Br J Ind Med 1993;50:971-97.
29. Risen HA, Burch JD, Miller AB, et al. Dietary factors and the incidence of cancer of the urinary bladder. Am J Epidemiol 1988;127:1179-91.
30. Helzlsouer KJ, Comstock GW, Morris JS. Selenium, lycopene. alpha-tocopherol, beta-carotene, retinol, and subsequent bladder cancer. Cancer Res 1989;49:6144-8.
31. Serdula M, Byers T, Mokdad A, et al. The association between fruit and vegetable intake and chronic disease risk factors. Epidemiology 1996;7:161-5.
32. Galanti L, Manigart P, Dubois P. Tobacco smoking and alcohol and drug consumption in a large, young healthy population. Arch Environ Health 1998;53:156-60.
33. Burke G, Hunter S, Croft J, et al. The interaction of alcohol and tobacco use in adolescents and young adults: Bogalusa Heart Study. Addict Behav 1988;13:387-93.
34. Pate R, Heath G, Dowda M, et al. Association between physical activity and other health behaviors in a representative sample of US adolescents. Am J Public Health 1996;86:1577-81.
35. Ziegler R, Subar A, Craft N, et al. Does beta-carotene explain why reduced cancer risk is associated with vegetable and fruit intake? Cancer Res 1992;52(suppl):2060s-6s.
36. Begg C, Berlin J. Publication bias and dissemination of clinical research. J Natl Cancer Inst 1989;81:107-14.
37. Hedges L, Olkin I. Statistical methods for meta-analysis. New York, NY: Academic Press, 1985.
38. Eck LH, Klesges LM, Klesges RC. Precision and estimated accuracy of two short-term food frequency questionnaires compared with recalls and records. J Clin Epidemiol 1996;49: 1195-200.
39. Byers T, Marshall J, Anthony E, et al. The reliability of dietary history from the distant past. Am J Epidemiol 1987;125: 999-1011.
40. Willet WC, Sampson L, Browne ML, et al. The use of a self-administered questionnaire to assess diet four years in the past. Am J Epidemiol 1988;127:188-99.
41. Vandenlangenberg G, Brady W, Nebeling L, et al. Influences of using different sources of carotenoid data in epidemiologic studies. J Am Diet Assoc 1996;96:1271-5.
42. Austin H, Hill HA, Flanders WD, et al. Limitations in the application of case-control methodology. Epidemiol Rev 1994; 16:65-76.
43. Holmberg L, Ohlander E, Byers T, et al. A search for recall bias in a case-control study of diet and breast cancer. Int J Epidemiol 1996;25:235-43.
44. Margetts BM, Martinez JA, Saba A, et al. Definitions of 'healthy' eating: a pan-EU survey of consumer attitudes to food, nutrition and health. Eur J Clin Nutr 1997;51(suppl):S23-9.
45. Byers T, Perry G. Dietary carotenes, vitamin C, and vitamin E as protective antioxidants in human cancers. Annu Rev Nutr 1992;12:139-59.
46. Subar A, Heimendinger J, Krebs-Smith S, et al. Five a day for better health: a baseline study for American's fruit and vegetable consumption. Washington, DC: National Cancer Institute, 1992.
47. Steineck G, Hagman U, Gerhardsson M, et al. Vitamin A supplements, fried foods, fat and urothelial cancer. A case-referent study in Stockholm in 1985-87. Int J Cancer 1990;45: 1006-11.
48. Vena JE, Graham S, Freudenheim J, et al. Diet in the epidemiology of bladder cancer in western New York. Nutr Cancer 1992;18:255-64.
49. Bruemmer B, White E, Vaughan TL, et al. Nutrient intake in relation to bladder cancer among middle-aged men and women. Am J Epidemiol 1996;144:485-95.
50. La Vecchia C, Negri E, Decarli A, et al. Dietary factors in the risk of bladder cancer. Nutr Cancer 1989;12:93-101.
51. Paganini-Hill A, Chao A, Ross R, et al. Vitamin A, beta-carotene, and the risk of cancer: a prospective study. J Natl Cancer Inst 1987;79:443-8.
52. Kunze E, Chang-Claude J, Frentzel-Beyme R. Life style and occupational risk factors for bladder cancer in Germany. A case-control study. Cancer 1992;69:1776-90.
53. Steineck G, Norell S, Feychting M. Diet, tobacco and urothelial cancer. Acta Oncol 1988;27:323-7.
54. Mills PK, Beeson WL, Phillips RL, et al. Bladder cancer in a low risk population: results from the Adventist Health Study. Am J Epidemiol 1991;133:230-9.
55. Slattery M, West D, Robison L. Fluid intake and bladder cancer in Utah. Int J Cancer 1988;42:17-22.
56. Negri E, La Vecchia C, Franceschi S, et al. Vegetable and fruit consumption and cancer risk. Int J Cancer 1991;48:350-4.
57. D'Avanzo B, La Vecchia C, Negri E, et al. Attributable risks for bladder cancer in northern Italy. Ann Epidemiol 1995;5: 427-31.
58. Momas I, Daures JP, Festy B, et al. Relative importance of risk factors in bladder carcinogenesis: some new results about Mediterranean habits. Cancer Causes Control 1994;5:326-32.
59. Criqui M, Bangdiwala S, Goodman D, et al. Selenium, retinol, retinol-binding protein, and uric acid associations with cancer mortality in a population-based prospective case-control study. Ann Epidemiol 1991;1:385-93.
60. Nomura A, Stemmermann G, Heilbrun L, et al. Serum vitamin levels and the risk of cancer of specific sites in men of Japanese ancestry in Hawaii. Cancer Res 1985;45:2369-72.
61. Kneckt P, Aromaa A, Maatela J, et al. Serum micronutrients and risk of cancers of low incidence in Finland. Am J Epidemiol 1991;134:356-61.
62. Shekelle R, Lepper M, Liu S, et al. Dietary vitamin A and risk of cancer in the Western Electric Study. Lancet 1981;28: 1185-90.
63. Wald N, Thompson S, Densem J, et al. Serum beta-carotene and subsequent risk of cancer: results from the BUPA Study. Br J Cancer 1988;57:428-33.
64. Connett J, Kuller L, Kjelsberg M, et al. Relationship between carotenoids and cancer. The Multiple Risk Factor Intervention Trial (MRFIT) Study. Cancer 1989;64:126-34.
65. Comstock GW, Helzlsouer KJ, Bush TL. Prediagnostic serum levels of carotenoids and vitamin E as related to subsequent cancer in Washington County, Maryland. Am J Clin Nutr 1991; 53:260S-4S.
66. Hirayama T. A large scale cohort study on cancer risks by diet: with special reference to the risk reducing effects of green-yellow vegetable consumption. In: Hayashi Y, ed. Diet, nutrition and cancer. Tokyo, Japan: Japan Scientific Societies Press, 1986:41-53.
67. Tavani A, La Vecchia C. Fruit and vegetable consumption and cancer risk in a Mediterranean population. Am J Clin Nutr 1995;61(suppl):1374S-7S.