Solar ultraviolet transfer in the Martian atmosphere: Biological and geological implications

Planetary and Space Science

Volumn 51, Issue 6, 2003, Pages 399-410

  Cordoba Jabonero C ^a   Lara, L M ^b   Mancho, A M ^a,d   Marquez A ^c   Rodrigo, R ^b  

^a CSIC   (Spain)

^b INSTITUTO DE ASTROFÍSICA DE ANDALUCÍA CSIC   (Spain)

^c UNIVERSIDAD REY JUAN CARLOS   (Spain)

^d UNIVERSITY OF BRISTOL   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

Exo astrobiology; Mars atmospheric photochemistry; Shielding dust ashes scattering; SO2 volcanic emissions; UV biological damage; UV environmental photo oxidation; UV radiative transfer

Indexed keywords

ATMOSPHERIC AEROSOLS; BACKSCATTERING; DNA; ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT; OZONE; PHOTOOXIDATION; SOLAR RADIATION; ULTRAVIOLET RADIATION;

SOLAR ULTRAVIOLET TRANSFER;

MARTIAN SURFACE ANALYSIS;

EID: 17044460025     PISSN: 00320633     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/S0032-0633(03)00023-0     Document Type: Article

References (78)

1. Ackerman M. Ultraviolet solar radiation related to mesospheric processes. Fiocco G. Mesospheric Models and Related Experiments. 1971;149-159 D. Reidel Hingham, MA.
2. Anderson D.E., Hord C.W. Mariner 6 and 7 ultraviolet spectrometer experiment. analysis of hydrogen Lyman alpha data J. Geophys. Res. 79:1971;1513-1518.
3. Ångström A. On the atmospheric transmission of sun radiation and on dust in the air. Geographys. Annal. 2:1929;156-166.
4. Ångström A. Techniques of determining the turbidity of the atmosphere. Tellus. 13:1961;214.
5. Barth C.A., Dick M.L. Ozone and the polar hood on Mars. Icarus. 22:1974;205-211.
6. Barth C.A., Hord C.W., Stewart A.I., Lane A.L., Dick M.L., Andersen G.P. Mariner 9 ultraviolet spectrometer experiment. seasonal variation of ozone on Mars Science. 179:1973;797-798.
7. Blackburn, T.R., Holland, H.D., Ceasar, G.P., 1979. Viking gas exchange reaction: Simulation on UV-irradiated manganese dioxide substrate. J. Geophys. Res. 84, B-14, 8391-8394.
8. Boucher N.P., Prezelin B.B. An in situ biological weighting function for UV inhibition of phytoplankton carbon fixation in the Southern Ocean. Maritime Ecol. Progress. Ser. 144:1996;223-236.
9. Cachorro V.E., de Frutos A.M., Casanova J.L. Determination of the Ångström turbidity parameters. Appl. Opt. 26:1987;3069-3076.
10. Caldwell M.M., Camp L.B., Warner C.W., Flint S.D. Action spectra and their key role in assessing biological consequences of solar UV-B radiation. Worrest R.C., Caldwell M.M. Stratospheric Ozone Reduction, Solar Ultraviolet Radiation and Plant Life. 1986;87-111 Springer, Berlin.
11. Carr, M.H., 1996. Water on Mars. Oxford University Press, New York, 229.
12. Clancy R.T., Grossman A.W., Muhleman D.O. Mapping Mars water vapor with the Very Large Array. Icarus. 100:1992;48-49.
13. Cockell C.S., Rothschild L.J. The effects of ultraviolet radiation on diurnal photosynthetic patterns in three taxonomically diverse microbial mats. Photochem. Photobiol. 69:1999;203-210.
14. Cockell C.S., Catling D.C., Davis W.L., Snook K., Kepner R.L., Lee P., McKay C.P. The ultraviolet environment of Mars. biological implications past, present and future Icarus. 146:2000;343-359.
15. Córdoba-Jabonero, C., 2001. Behaviour of biological ecosystems under extreme environmental solar UV-B radiation. Proceedings of the Euroconference XXIImes Rencontres de Blois "Frontiers of Life", Blois (France), June 25th-July 1st, 2000.
16. Córdoba-Jabonero, C., Mancho, A.M., Vázquez, L., 2001. Protection for life in aquatic media under extreme solar ultraviolet radiation conditions. Proceedings of the First European Workshop on Exo/Astrobiology, Frascati (Italy), May 21-23, ESA SP-496, 2001, pp. 325-328.
17. Encrenaz T., Lellouch E., Rosenqvist J., Drossart P., Combes M., Billebaud F., dePater I., Gulkis S., Maillard J.P., Pauber G. The atmospheric composition of Mars. ISM and groundbased observational data Ann. Geophys. 9:1991;797-803.
18. Farmer C.B., Davies W.D., Holland A.L., La Porte D.P., Doms P.E. Mars. Water vapor observations from the Viking orbiters J. Geophys. Res. 82:1977;4225-4248.
19. Farquhar J., Savarino J., Jackson T.L., Thiemens M.H. Evidence of atmospheric sulphur in the martian regolith from sulphur isotopes in meteorites. Nature. 40:2000;50-52.
20. Fjeldbo G., Kliore A., Seidel B. The Mariner 1969 occultation measurements of the upper atmosphere of Mars. Radio Sci. 5:1970;381-386.
21. Friedrich W. Risk-benefit evaluation of UV-exposure. Passchier W.F., Bosnjakovic B.F.M. Human exposure to ultraviolet radiation risks and regulations. 1987;Elsevier, Amsterdam.
22. Gerlach T.M., Graeber E.J. Volatile budget of Kilaeua volcano. Nature. 313:1985;273-277.
23. Gerlach T.M., Westrich H.R., Symonds R.B. Pre-eruption vapor in magma of the climatic Mount Pinatubo eruption, source of the giant stratospheric sulfur dioxide cloud. Newhall C.G., Punongbayan R.S. Fire and Mud, Eruptions and Lahars of Mount Pinatubo, Philippines, Philippine Insitute of Volcanology and Seismology. 1996;Quezon City, and University of Washington Press, Seattle.
24. Haberle R.M., McKay C.P., Pollack J.B., Gwynne O.E., Atkinson D.H., Appelbaum J., Landis G.A., Zurek R.W., Flood D.J. Resources of Near-Earth Space. Lewis J.S., Mathews M.S., Guerrieri M.L. 1993;845-885 Univ. of Arizona Press, Tucson.
25. 2 on Mars Icarus. 109:1994;102-120.
26. Harm, W., 1980. Biological effects of ultraviolet radiation. In IUPAB Biophysics Series I. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.
27. Hartmann W.K., Berman D.C. Elysium Planitia lava flows. crater count chronology and geological implications J. Geophys. Res. 105:2000;15011-15026.
28. Herman J.R., Bhartia P.K., Torres O., Hsu N.C., Seftor C.J., Celarier E. Global distribution of UV-absorbing aerosols from Nimbus7/TOMS data. J. Geophys. Res. 102:1997;16911-16921.
29. Hodges C.A., Moore H.J. Atlas of volcanic landforms on Mars. USGS Professional Paper. 1534:1994;194.
30. Holben B.N., Eck T.F., Fraser R.S. Temporal and spatial variability of aerosol optical depth in the Sahel region in relation to vegetation remote sensing. Int. J. Remote Sens. 12:1991;1147-1163.
31. Hort M., Weitz C.M. Theoretical modeling of eruption plumes on Mars under current and past climates. J. Geophys. Res. 106:2001;20, 547-562.
32. Hsu N.C., Herman J.R., Torres O., Holben B.N., Tanre D., Eck T.F., Smirnov A., Chatenet B., Lavenu F. Comparisons of the TOMS aerosol index with Sun-photometer aerosol optical thickness. results and applications J. Geophys. Res. 104, D6:1999;6269-6279.
33. Iqbal M. An Introduction to Solar Radiation. 1983;Academic Press, New York.
34. Joseph J.H., Wiscombe W.J., Winman J.A. The Delta-Eddington Approximation for Radiative Flux Transfer. J. Atmos. Sci. 33:1976;2452-2459.
35. Karentz D., Cleaver J.E., Mitchell D.L. Cell survival characteristics and molecular responses of Antarctic phytoplankton to ultraviolet-B radiation. J. Phycol. 27:1991;326-341.
36. 2 condensation and the climate of early Mars Icarus. 94:1991;1-13.
37. Kasting J.F., Pollack J.B., Ackerman T.P. Response of Earth's atmosphere to increase in solar flux and implications for lower loss of water from Venus. Icarus. 57:1984;335-355.
38. Keating G.M., Bougher S.W., Zurek R.W., Tolson R.H., Cancro G.J., Noll S.N., Parker J.S., Schellenberg T.J., Shane R.W., Wilkerson B.L., Murphy J.R., Hollingsworth J.L., Haberle R.M., Joshi M., Pearl J.C., Conrath B.J., Smith M.D., Clancy R.T., Blanchard R.C., Wilmoth R.G., Rault D.F., Martin T.Z., Lyons D.T., Esposito P.B., Johnston M.D., Whetzel C.W., Justus C.G., Babicke J.M. The structure of the upper atmosphere of mars. in situ accelerometer measurements from mars global surveyor Science. 279:1998;1672.
39. Keszthelyi L., McEwen A.S., Thordarson T. Terrestrial analogs and thermal models for Martian flood lavas. J. Geophys. Res. 105:2001;15027-15049.
40. Kieffer H.H., Jakosky B.M., Snyder C.W., Matthews M.S. Mars. 1992;Univ. Arizona Press, Tucson.
41. Kliore A.I., Cain D.L., Fjeldbo G., Siedel B.L., Sykes J.J., Rasool S.I. The atmosphere of Mars from Mariner 9 radio occultation measurements. Icarus. 17:1972;484-516.
42. Kondratyev K.Ya. Radiation in the Atmosphere. 1969;Academic Press, New York.
43. Krasnopolsky V.A. Photochemistry of the martian atmosphere (mean conditions). Icarus. 101:1993;131-332.
44. Kuhn W.R., Atreya S.K. Solar radiation incident on the Martian surface. J. Mol. Evol. 14:1979;57-64.
45. Lindner B.L. Ozone heating in the Martian atmosphere. Icarus. 93:1991;354-361.
46. Madronich, S., 1993. The atmosphere and UV-B radiation at ground level. In: Young A.R., Bjorn L.O., Moan J., Nultsch W. (Eds.), Environmental UV Photobiology, 1-39, Plenum Pub. Corp., New York.
47. 2 from 106 to 403 nm J. Quant. Spectrosc. Radiat. Transfer. 50(3):1993;267-276.
48. Martínez-Lozano J.A., Utrillas M.P., Tena F., Cachorro V. The parametrization of the atmospheric aerosol optical depth using the Ångström power law. Solar Energy. 63:1998;303-311.
49. McElroy M.B., Kong T.Y., Yung Y.L. Photochemistry and evolution of the Mars's atmosphere. a Viking perspective J. Geophys. Res. 82:1977;4379-4388.
50. McEwen A.S., Mallin M.C., Carr M.H., Hartmann W.K. Voluminous volcanism on early Mars revealed in Valles Marineris. Nature. 397:1999;584-586.
51. McKay C.P., Davis W.L. Duration of liquid water habitats on Mars. Icarus. 90:1991;214-221.
52. McKinlay A.F., Diffey B.L. A reference action spectrum for ultraviolet induced erythema in human skin. Passchier W.F., Bosnjakovic B.F.M. Human Exposure to Ultraviolet Radiation Risks and Regulations. 1987;Elsevier, Amsterdam.
53. Mukhin L.M., Koscheev A.P., Dikov Y.P., Hurth J., Wänke H. Experimental simulations of the photodecomposition of carbonates and sulphates on Mars. Nature. 379:1996;141-143.
54. Muller, C., Moreau, D., 2001. Biological role of Martian airborne and deposited dust. Proceedings of the First European Workshop on Exo/Astrobiology, Frascati (Italy), May 21-23, 2001, ESA SP-496, 375-378.
55. Plescia J.B. An assessment of volatile release from recent volcanism in Elysium, Mars. Icarus. 104:1993;20-32.
56. Pollack J.B., Colburn D.S., Kahn R., Hunter J., Van Camp W., Carlston C.E., Wolfe M.R. Properties of aerosols in the Martian atmosphere, as inferred from Viking lander imaging data. J. Geophys. Res. 82:1977;4479-4496.
57. Pollack J.B., Colburn D.S., Flasar F.M., Kahn R., Carlston C.E., Pidek D. Properties and effects of dust particles suspended in the Martian atmosphere. J. Geophys. Res. 84:1979;2929-2945.
58. Pollack J.B., Haberle R.M., Schaeffer J., Lee H. Simulations of the general circulation of the Martian atmosphere. I - Polar processes. J. Geophys. Res. 95:1990;1447-1473.
59. Quin R.C., Zent A.P., McKay C.P. Photodecomposition of carbonates on Mars. Lunar Planet. Sci. Conf. XXXII:2001;1463.pdf.
60. Robinson G.D. Absorption of solar radiation by atmospheric aerosol as revealed by measurements from the ground. Arch. Meteorol. Geophys. Bioklimatol. Ser. B. 12:1962;19-40.
61. Rodrigo R., García-Álvarez E., López-González M.J., López-Moreno J.J. A nonsteady one-dimensional theoretical model of Mars' neutral atmospheric composition between 30 and. 200 km J. Geophys. Res. 95:1990;14795-14810.
62. Seiff A., Kirk D.B. Structure of the atmosphere of Mars in summer at midlatitudes. J. Geophys. Res. 82:1977;4364-4378.
63. Setlow R.B. The wavelengths in sunlight effective in producing skin cancer. a theoretical analysis Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci., USA. 7:1974;3363-3366.
64. Setlow R.B., Doyle B. The action of radiation on dry deoxyribonucleic acid. Biochim. Biophys. Acta. 15:1954;117-125.
65. Settle H. Formation and deposition of volcanic sulphate aerosols on Mars. J. Geophys. Res. 84:1979;8343-8354.
66. Smith R.C., Prezélin B.B., Baker K.S., Bidigare K.S., Boucher N.P., Coley T., Karentz D., MacIntyre S., Matlick H.A., Menzies D., Ondrusek M., Wan Z., Waters K.J. Ozone depletion. ultraviolet radiation and phytoplankton biology in Antarctic waters Science. 255:1992;952-959.
67. Stamnes K. The theory of multiple scattering of radiation in plane parallel atmospheres. Rev. Geophys. 24:1986;299-310.
68. Tanaka, K., Scott, D.H., Greeley, R., 1992. In: Mars, Kieffer, H.H., Jakosky, B.M., Snyder, C.W., Matthews, M.S. (Eds.), Global Stratigraphy. University Arizona Press, Tucson, Arizona, pp. 345-382.
69. Tevini M. UV-B Radiation and Ozone Depletion: Effects on Humans, Animals, Plants, Micro-organisms and Materials. 1993;Lewis Pub. Boca Raton.
70. 4 between 1850 and 4000 Å J. Geophys. Res. 68:1963;6431-6436.
71. Thordarson Th., Self S. Sulfur, chlorine and fluorine degassing and atmospheric loading by the Roza eruption, Columbia River Basalt Group, Washington, USA. J. Volcanol. Getotherm. Res. 74:1996;49-73.
72. Thordarson Th., Self S., Oskarsson N., Hulsebosch D. Sulfur, chlorine, and fluorine degassing and atmospheric loading by the 1783-1784 AD Laki (Skaftár Fires) eruption in Iceland. Bull. Volcanol. 58:1996;205-225.
73. Thordarson T., Miller D.J., Larsen G., Self S., Sigurdsson H. New estimates of sulfur degassing and atmospheric mass-loading by the 934 AD Eldgjá eruption, Iceland. J. Volcanol. Geotherm. Res. 108:2001;33-54.
74. Toon O.B., Pollack J.B., Sagan C. Physical properties of the particles composing the Martian dust storm of 1971-72. Icarus. 30:1977;663-696.
75. Volz F. Photometer mit Selen-photoelement zur spektralen Messung der Sonnenstrahlung und zur Bestimmung der Wallenlangeabhangigkeit der Dunstrubung. Arch. Meteorol. Geophys. Bioklimatol. 10:1959;100.
76. Volz F.E. Economical multispectral sun photometer for measurements of aerosol extinction from. 0.44 μm to 1.6 μm and precipitable water Appl. Opt. 13:1974;1732.
77. 2 in the 208- 295 nm Region, with Application to Io Icarus. 145:2000;289-296.
78. 2 inhibits condensation Icarus. 130:1997;222-224.