Environmental plutonium - creation of the universe to twenty-first century mankind

Radioactivity in the Environment

Volumn 1, Issue C, 2001, Pages 1-14

  Taylor, David M ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF HEIDELBERG   (Germany)

Author keywords

Air; Chemical speciation.; Earth's crust; Human body; Man made; Natural; Oceans; Plutonium 239,240; Plutonium 244; Rivers

Indexed keywords

ANIMALIA; HOMO SAPIENS;

EID: 17044418235     PISSN: 15694860     EISSN: None     Source Type: Book Series    
DOI: 10.1016/S1569-4860(01)80003-6     Document Type: Article

References (49)

1. Aarkrog A., Dahlgaard H., Nilsson K., and Holm E. Studies of plutonium and americium at Thule, Greenland. Health Phys. 46 (1984) 29-44
2. Aarkrog A. A retrospect of anthropogenic radioactivity in the global marine environment. Rad. Prot. Dosim. 75 (1998) 23-31
3. Aston S.R., and Stanners D.A. Plutonium transport to and deposition and immobility in the Irish Sea intertidal sediments. Nature 289 (1981) 581-582
4. 239,240Pu in diet. Health and Safety Laboratory Report HASL-286 (1974), U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Scientific and Technical Information, PO Box 62, Oak Ridge, TN37831
5. 239,240Pu in diet, 1974 results. Health and Safety Laboratory Environmental Quarterly Report, March-June 1976, HASL-3066 (1976), U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Scientific and Technical Information, PO Box 62, Oak Ridge, TN37831
6. Boocock G., and Popplewell D.S. Distribution of plutonium in human blood serum proteins. Nature 208 (1971) 282
7. Brown K.W., and McFarlane J.C. Plutonium uptake by plants from soil containing plutonium-238 dioxide. Ecological Research Series EPA-600/3-77-052 (1977), National Technical Information Service, Springfield VA 22161
8. Choppin G., Liljenzin J.O., and Rydberg J. Radiochemistry and Nuclear Chemistry. 2nd edn (1995), Butterworth-Heinemann, Oxford
9. IAEA-SM-237/64. Clemente G.E., Belloni P., DiPietro S., Santori G., and Santaroni G.P. Tritium and plutonium content of the Italian diet and transfer to man. Biological Implications of Radionuclides released from Nuclear Industries Vol.II (1979), IAEA, Vienna 257-263
10. Duffield J.R., and Williams D.R. Speciation and the bioavailability of actinide elements. Toxicol. Environ. Chem. 22 (1988) 17-25
11. Duffield J.R. The development of a plutonium in blood plasma model. In: Kudo A. (Ed). Pu in the Environment Environmental Radiochemistry Series Vol.1 (2000), Elsevier Science, Oxford
12. Eigen M. Steps towards life (1992), Oxford University Press, Oxford 63
13. Fields P.R., Friedman A.M., Milsted J., Lerner J., Stevens C.M., Metta D., and Sabine W.K. Decay properties of plutonium-244, and comments on its existence in nature. Nature 212 (1966) 131-134
14. Ham G.J. Measurement of the plutonium content of human fetal and placental tissue. In: Newton G.W.A. (Ed). Environmental Radiochemical Analysis (1999), Royal Society of Chemistry, London 81-87
15. Hardy E.P., Krey P.W., and Volchok H.L. Global Inventory and Distribution of Fallout Plutonium. Nature 241 (1973) 444-445
16. Harley J.H. Plutonium in the Environment - A Review. Japan J. Radiat. Res. 23 (1980) 83-104
17. Herrmann J., Nies H., and Goroncy I. Plutonium in the deep layers of the Norwegian and Greenland Seas. Rad. Prot. Dosim. 75 (1998) 237-245
18. Hisamatsu S., Takizawa Y., and Abe T. Fallout Pu in the Japanese diet. Hlth. Phys. 51 (1986) 479-487
19. Hisamatsu S., Takizawa Y., and Abe T. Ingestion intake of fallout Pu in Japan. Hlth. Phys. 52 (1986) 193-200
20. Hoffman D.C., Lawrence F.O., Mewherter J.L., and Rourke F.M. Detection of plutonium-255 in nature. Nature 234 (1971) 132-132
21. Horton J.H., and Corey J.C. Distribution of surface-deposited plutonium in soil after cultivation. Hlth. Phys. 38 (1980) 697-699
22. ICRP (International Commission on Radiological Protection). Age-dependent Doses to Members of the Public from Intake of Radionuclides: Part 2 Ingestion Dose Coefficients. ICRP Publication 67. Ann ICRP 23 (1993) 125-139
23. ICRP (International Commission on Radiological Protection). Human Respiratory Tract Model for Radiological Protection. ICRP Publication 66. Ann ICRP 24 (1994) 22-24
24. ICRP (International Commission on Radiological Protection). Human Respiratory Tract Model for Radiological Protection. ICRP Publication 66. Ann ICRP 24 (1994) 196-197
25. ICRP (International Commission on Radiological Protection). Age-dependent Doses to Members of the Public from Intake of Radionuclides: Part 5 Compilation of Ingestion and Inhalation Dose Coefficients. ICRP Publication 72. Ann ICRP 26 (1996) 41-80
26. Karam A. The Evolution of the Earth's Background Radiation Field over the Past Four Billion Years. SSI News 7 1 (1999) 12-15
27. In: D.M. T., and Kirk-Othmer I. (Eds). Encyclopedia of Chemical Technology Vol.18 (1983), Wiley-Interscience, New York 278-284
28. In: D.M. T., and Kirk-Othmer I. (Eds). Encyclopedia of Chemical Technology Vol.19 (1983), Wiley-Interscience, New York 640-660
29. Kuroda P.K. Nuclear fission in the early history of the earth. Nature 187 (1960) 36-38
30. Kuroda P.K. The Origin of the Chemical Elements and the Oklo Phenomenon (Chap.6) (1982), Springer-Verlag, Heidelberg
31. Larsen R.P., and Oldham R.D. Plutonium in drinking water: Effects of chlorination on its maximum permissible concentration. Science 201 (1978) 1008-1009
32. Liator M.I. Plutonium contamination in soils in open space and residential areas near Rocky Flats, Colorado. Hlth. Phys. 76 (1999) 172-179
33. In: Lide D.R. (Ed). CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics. 75th edn (1995), CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL 14.11-14.24
34. Mahara Y., and Kudo A. Plutonium released by the Nagasaki A-bomb: Mobility in the environment. Appl. Radiat. Isot. 46 (1995) 1191-1201
35. Mitchell P.I., Vives B., J., Downes A.B., Condren O.M., Vintro L.L., and Sánchez-Cabeza J.A. Recent observations on the physico-chemical speciation of plutonium in the Irish Sea and the Western Mediterranean. Appl. Radiat. Isot. 46 (1995) 1175-1190
36. Mitchell P.I., McMahon C.A., León Vintró L., and Ryan R.W. Plutonium in Arctic surface and sub-surface waters at the St. Anna and Voronin Troughs. Radiat. Prot. Dosim. 75 (1998) 247-252
37. M. N.-M. Vergleichende Untersuchungen zum Stoffwechsel von Eisen und Plutonium in Hepatocyten. Dr. sci, hum. Thesis (1988), Faculty of Medicine, University of Heidelberg
38. Peppard D.F., Studier M.H., Gergel M.V., Mason G.W., Sullivan J.C., and Mech J.E. Isolation of Microgram Quantities of Naturally-occurring Plutonium and Examination of its Isotopic Composition. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 73 (1951) 2529-2531
39. Pietrzak-Flis Z., and Orzechowska G. Plutonium in daily diet in Poland after the Chernobyl accident. Hlth. Phys. 65 (1993) 492-498
40. Seaborg G.T., Perlman M.L., Hobart D.E., and Trewhella J. Search for elements 93 and 94 in nature. Presence of 94239 in pitchblende. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 70 (1948) 1571-1573
41. Seaborg G.T., Perlman M.L., Hobart D.E., and Trewhella J. Search for elements 93 and 94 in nature. Neutron resonance scanning shows specific binding of plutonium to the calcium-binding sites of the protein calmodulin and yields precise distance information. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 119 (1997) 5118-5125
42. Taylor D.M., Seeger P.A., Rokop S.E., Palmer P.D., and Henderson S.J. Interactions between transuranium elements and the components of ceils and tissues. Hlth. Phys. 22 (1972) 575-581
43. Taylor D.M. Environmental radiation and human cancer. In: Huilgol N.G., Gopinath D.V., and Singh B.B. (Eds). Low Level Radiation and Living State (1994), Narosa, New Delhi 16-23
44. Taylor D.M. Environmental plutonium in humans. Appl. Radiat. Isot. 46 (1995) 1245-1252
45. Taylor D.M., and Taylor S.K. Environmental uranium and human health. Rev. Environ. Hlth. 12 (1997) 147-157
46. in the press. Taylor D.M. Radionuclides in the Environment. In: Sarkar B. (Ed). Heavy Metals in the Environment (2000), Marcel Decker, New York
47. Trapeznikov A.V., Pozolotina V.N., Chebotina M.Ya., Chukanov V.N., Trapeznikova V.N., Kilikov N.V., Nielsen S.P., and Aarkrog A. Radioactive contamination of the Techa river in the Urals. Hlth. Phys. 65 (1993) 481-488
48. Watters R.L., Edgington D.N., Hakonson T.E., Hanson W.C., Smith M.H., Whicker F.W., and Wildung R.E. Synthesis of Research Literature. In: Hanson W.C. (Ed). Transuranic Elements in the Environment, DOE/TIC-22800 (1980), Technical Information Center, U.S.Department of Energy, Oak Ridge, TN 1-44
49. Yamamoto M., Tanii T., and Sakanoue M. Characteristics of Fall-out Plutonium in Soil. J. Radiat. Res. 22 (1981) 134-142