Thermochemical and thermophysical property measurements in slag systems

International Journal of Materials and Product Technology

Volumn 22, Issue 4, 2005, Pages 351-390

  Matsushita, Taishi ^a   Hayashi, Miyuki ^b   Seetharaman, Seshadri ^a  

^a ROYAL INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY   (Sweden)

^b TOKYO INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY   (Japan)

Author keywords

Absorption coefficient; Interfacial tensions; Molar volumes; Silicates; Slags; Surface tensions; Thermal conductivities; Thermal diffusivities; Ultrasonic waves; Viscosities

Indexed keywords

ABSORPTION; SILICATES; SURFACE TENSION; THERMAL CONDUCTIVITY; THERMAL DIFFUSION; THERMODYNAMIC PROPERTIES; ULTRASONIC WAVES; VISCOSITY;

ABSORPTION COEFFICIENT; MOLAR VOLUMES; THERMAL DIFFUSIVITIES; THERMOCHEMICAL PROPERTIES;

SLAGS;

EID: 17044410190     PISSN: 02681900     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1504/IJMPT.2005.006464     Document Type: Review

References (103)

1. Du, S., Bygden, J. and Seetharaman, S. (1994) 'A model for estimation of viscosities of complex metallic and ionic melts', Metall. Mater. Trans. B, Vol. 25B, pp.519-525.
2. Seetharaman, S. and Du, S. (1994) 'Estimation of the viscosities of binary metallic melts using 0Gibbs energies of mixing', Metall. Mater. Trans. B, Vol. 25B, pp.589-595.
3. Seetharaman, S. and Du, S. (1997) 'Viscosities of high temperature system - a modelling approach', ISIJ Int., Vol. 37, pp.109-118.
4. Seetharaman, S., Du, S. and Zhang, J.Y. (1999) "The computer-based study of multicomponent slag viscosities', J. Metals, Vol. 51, pp.38-40.
5. Seetharaman, S., Du, S. and Ji, F-Z. (2000) 'Estimation of viscosities of ternary silicate melts using the excess Gibbs energy of mixing', Metall. Mater. Trans. B, Vol. 31B, pp.105-109.
6. Riboud, P.V., Roux, Y. and Lucas, L.D. (1981) 'Improvement of continuous casting powder', Fachber. Huttenpraxis Metalleveiterv., Vol. 19, pp.859-869.
7. Koyama, K., Nagano, Y. and Nakano, T. (1987) Design for chemical and physical properties of Continuous Casting Powders, Seitetsu kenkyu, Nippon Steel Technical Report, Vol. 324, pp.39-45.
8. Kim, J.W., Choi, J., Kwon, O.D., Lee, I.R., Shin, Y.K. and Park, J.S. (1992) 'Viscous characteristics of synthetic mold powder for high speed continuous casting', Proc. 4th Int. Conf. on Molten Slags and Fluxes, Sendai, ISIJ, pp.468-473.
9. Urbain, G. (1987) 'Viscosity estimation of slags', Steel Res., Vol. 58, pp.111-116.
10. Urbain, G., Cambier, F., Deletter, M. and Anseau, M.R. (1981) 'Viscosity of silicate melts', Trans. J. Brit. Ceram. Soc., Vol. 80, pp.139-141.
11. Mills, K.C. and Sridhar, S (1999) 'Viscosities of ironmaking and steelmaking slags', Ironmaking Steelmaking, Vol. 26, pp.262-268.
12. Iida, T., Sakai, H., Kita, Y. and Murakami, K. (2000a) 'Equation for estimating viscosities of industrial mold fluxes', High Temp. Mater. Proc., Vol. 19, pp.153-164.
13. Iida, T., Sakai, H. and Kita, Y. (1999) 'Extension of a viscosity equation based on the network parameter to blast furnace type slags', J. High Temp. Soc., Vol. 25, pp.93-102.
14. Iida, T., Sakai, H., Kita, Y. and Shigeno, K. (2000b) 'An equation for accurate prediction of the viscosities of blast furnace type slags from chemical composition', ISIJ Int., Vol. 40, pp.S110-8114.
15. Iida, T., Sakai, H., Kita, Y., Shigeno, K. and Handa, A. (2000c) 'Accurate prediction of the viscosities of various industrial slags from chemical composition', Proc. Int. Conf. on Steel and Society, Osaka, ISIJ, p.265-268.
16. Kita, Y., Handa, A and Iida, T. (2001) 'Measurements and calculations of viscosities of blast furnace type slags', J. High Temp. Soc., Vol. 25, pp. 144-150.
17. Iida, T. (2002) 'A model for accurate viscosity predictions of various types of molten slags and glasses', in Aune, R.E. and Sridhar, S. (Eds.): Proc. Mills Symp., - Metals, Slags, Glasses: High Temp. Properties & Phenomena -, Inst. Materials, UK, pp. 101-110.
18. Zhang, L. and Jahanshahi, S. (1998a) 'Review and modeling of viscosity of silicate melts: part I. viscosity of binary and ternary silicates containing CaO, MgO, and MnO', Metall. Mater. Trans. B, Vol. 29B, pp. 177-186.
19. 2 system', Metall. Mater. Trans. B, Vol. 29B, pp.187-195.
20. Nakamoto, M., Lee, J. and Tanaka, T. (2005) ISIJ Int. (in press).
21. Gupta, V.K. and Santra, A.K. (1994) 'Viscosity-composition relationships for continuous casting mould fluxes', Steel India, Vol. 17, No. 2, pp.74-78.
22. Gupta, V.K., Santra, A.K. and Raj, B. (1998) 'A model for describing viscosity-composition relationship for continuous casting mould fluxes', Steel India, Vol. 21, No. 1, pp.22-29.
23. Nakajima, K., Mizukami, H., Kawamoto, M. and Morita, Z. (1994) 'Rough estimation of viscosity for multicomponent silicate melts', Tetsu-to-Hagane, Vol. 80, pp.509-514.
24. Sugiyama, T., Nakagawa, T., Sibaike, H. and Oda, Y. (1987) 'Analysis on liquid flow in the dripping zone of blast furnace', Tetsu-to-Hagane, Vol. 73, pp.2044-2051.
25. Nichols, M.W., Lingras, A.P. and Apelian, D. (1984) 'Viscosity characteristics of commercial fluxes for bottom poured ingots', Proc. 2nd Int. Symp. on Metall. Slags and Fluxes, pp.235-251.
26. Bottinga, Y. and Weill, D.F. (1972) 'The viscosity of magmatic silicate liquids: a model for calculation', Am. J. Sci., Vol. 272, pp.438-475.
27. Shaw, H.R. (1972) 'Viscosities of magmatic silicate liquids: an empirical method of prediction', Am. J. Sci., Vol. 272, pp.870-893.
28. Seetharaman, S., Mukai, K. and Du, S. (2004) 'Viscosities of slags - an overview, Proc. 7th Int. Conf. on Molten Slags and Fluxes, Cape Town, pp.31-41.
29. Mills, K.C., Chapman, L., Fox, A.B. and Sridhar, S. (2001) "Round robin' project on the estimation of slag viscosities', Scand. J. Metall., Vol. 30, No. 6, pp.396-403.
30. Mills, K.C., Chapman, L., Fox, A.B. and Sridhar, S. (2000) 'Round Robin' Project on the estimation of slag viscosities', Proc. 6th Int. Conf. on Molten Slags, Fluxes and Salts, Stockholm, File name '1433.PDF', CD-ROM.
31. Aune, R.E., Hayashi, M., Nakajima, K. and Seetharaman, S. (2002) 'Thermophysical properties of silicate slags', J. Metall., Vol. 11, pp.62-69.
32. Verein Deutscher Eisenhüttenleute (1995) Slag Atlas, 2nd ed., Verlag Stahleisen GmbH, Düsseldorf, pp.313-600.
33. 2-oxides of rare-earth elements' system', Izv. VUZ Chem. Met., Vol. 4, pp.31-34.
34. Ito, H., Yanagase, T., Suginohara, Y. and Miyazaki, N. (1967) 'Studies on the structure of molten fluoride-silicate systems by infrared absorption spectra', J. Jpn. Inst. Met., Vol. 31, pp.290-295.
35. 2', Am. Mineralogist, Vol. 73, pp.297-305.
36. Hayakawa, S., Nakao, A., Ohtsuka, C. and Osaka, A. (1998) 'An X-ray photoelectron spectroscopic study of the chemical states of fluorine atoms in calcium silicate glasses', J. Mater. Res., Vol. 13, pp.739-743.
37. Kumar, D., Ward, R.G. and Williams, D.J. (1961) 'Effect of fluorides on silicates and phosphates', Disc. Faraday Soc., Vol. 32, pp.147-154.
38. Kumar, D., Ward, R.G. and Williams, D.J. (1965) 'Infra-red absorption of some solid silicates and phosphates with and without fluoride additions', Trans. Faraday Soc., Vol. 61, pp.1850-1857.
39. 2 glasses by Raman spectroscopy', J. Non-Cryst. Solids., Vol. 44, pp.369-378.
40. Iwamoto, N. and Makino, Y. (1981) 'A structural investigation of calcium fluorosilicate glasses', J. Non-Cryst. Solid., Vol. 46, pp.81-94.
41. 2', Acta Chem. Scand., Vol. 9, pp.1350-1354.
42. Bills, P.M. (1963) 'Viscosities in silicate slag systems', J. Iron Steel Inst., Vol. 201, pp.133-140.
43. x glasses', ISIJ Int., Vol. 42, pp.352-358.
44. 2 entre 1600 et 2100', Rev. Met., Vol. 57, pp.149-160.
45. Bashforth, F. and Adams, S.C. (1883) An Attempt to Test the Theories of Capillary Action, Cambridge University Press.
46. Paradis, P-F., Ishikawa, T., Saita, Y. and Yoda, S. (2004) 'Non-contact thermophysical property measurements of liquid and undercooled alumina', Jpn. J. Appl. Phys., Vol. 43, pp. 1496-1500.
47. Mukai, K. and Xiao, F. (2002) 'Density of Ni-Cr alloy in liquid and solid-liquid coexistence states', Mater. Trans., Vol. 43, pp.1153-1160.
48. Mukai, K., Xiao, F., Nogi, K. and Li, Z. (2004) 'Measurement of the density of Ni-Cr alloy by a modified pycnometric method', Mater. Trans., Vol. 45, pp.2357-2363.
49. Tomlinson, J.W., Heynes, M.S.R. and Bockris, J.O.M. (1958) "The structure of the liquid silicates: part 2. molar volumes and expansivities', Trans. Faraday Soc., Vol. 54, pp. 1822-1833.
50. Aune, R.E., Hayashi, M. and Sridhar, S. (2004) 'A thermodynamic approach to physical properties of silicate melts', Proc. 7th Int. Conf. on Molten Slags, Fluxes and Salts, Cape Town, pp.517-529.
51. 2, Metall. Trans., Vol. 5, pp.853-860.
52. Takayanagi, T., Kato, M. and Minowa, S. (1976) 'Surface tension measurement of molten slags by sessile drop method', Imono, J. Jpn. Foundarymen's Soc., Vol. 48, pp.779-783.
53. Bockris, J.O.M., Tomlinson, J.W. and White, J.L. (1956) 'The structure of the liquid silicates: partial molar volumes and expansivities', Trans. Faraday Soc., Vol. 52, pp.299-310.
54. 2 system by a pendant drop method', J. Jpn. Inst. Met., Vol.45, pp.147-154.
55. Fordham, S. (1948) 'On the calculation of surface tension from measurements of pendant drops', Proc. Royal Soc., Vol. 194A, pp.1-16.
56. 2 melts', Tetsu-to-Hagane, Vol. 62, pp.53-61.
57. 3 ternary systems', Trans. Iron Steel Inst. Jpn., Vol. 14, pp.162-169.
58. Sharma, S.K. and Philbrook, W.O. (1971) 'The influence of atmosphere on the surface tension of calcium and manganese-silicate melts', Proc. Int. Conf. Sci. Tech. Iron Steel, Tokyo, 7-11th Sept. 1970. ISIJ, Japan, pp.569-575.
59. Parmelee, G.W. and Lyon, K.G. (1939) Eng. Expt. Sta. Bull., University of Illinois, Vol. 311, p.3.
60. Boni, R.E. and Derge, G. (1956) 'Surface structure of nonoxidizing slags containing sulphur', Trans. AIME, Vol. 206, pp.59-64.
61. Schrödinger, R. (1915) 'Notiz über den Kapillardruck in Gasblasen', Ann. Physik, Vol. 46, pp.413-418.
62. 2 slag', J. Jpn. Inst. Met., Vol. 33, pp.299-304.
63. King, T.B. (1951) "The surface tension and structure of silicate slags', J. Soc. Glass. Technol., Vol. 35, p.241-259.
64. Ejima, A. and Shimoji, M. (1970) 'Effect of alkali and alkaline-earth fluorides on surface tension of molten calcium silicates', Trans. Faraday Soc., Vol. 66, pp.99-106.
65. Popel, S.I. and Esin, O.A. (1957) Z. Neorg. Khim., Vol. 2, p.632.
66. Cooper, C.F. and Kitchener, J.A. (1959) 'The foaming of molten silicates', J. Iron and Steel Inst., Vol. 193, pp.48-55.
67. 22 melts', Russ. J. Phys. Chem., Vol. 43, pp. 1782-1784.
68. Mills, K.C. (1993) 'The influence of structure on the physico-chemical properties of slags', ISIJ Int., Vol. 33, pp.148-155.
69. Antonow, G.N. (1907) 'Sur la Tension Superficielle a la Limite de Deux Couches', J. Chem. Phys., Vol. 5, pp.372-385.
70. Cramb, A.W. and Jimbo, I. (1989) 'Interfacial considerations in continuous casting', Iron and Steelmaker, June, pp.43-55.
71. 2 based fluxes', ISIJ Int., Vol. 37, pp.323-331.
72. Ogino, K. and Hara, S. (1977) 'Density, surface tension and electrical conductivity of calcium fluoride based fluxes for electroslag remelting', Tetsu-to-Hagane, Vol. 63, pp.2141-2151.
73. Shinozaki, N., Fujiike, H., Mori, K. and Kawai, Y. (1989) 'Effect of flux composition on interfacial tension between liquid iron and molten flux', Tech. Rep. Kyushu Univ., Vol. 62, pp.575-580.
74. Gaye, H., Lucas, L.D., Olette, M. and Riboud, P.V. (1984) 'Metal-slag interfacial properties: equilibrium values and 'dynamic' phenomena', Canad. Metall. Q., Vol. 23, pp. 179-191.
75. Adachi, A., Ogino, K., Suetaki, T. and Saito, T. (1965) 'Effect of slag composition on interfacial tension between molten steel and slag, Fundamental study on interfacial phenomena in iron- and steel-making process-III', Tetsu-to-Hagane, Vol. 51, pp. 1857- 1860.
76. 2 slag on interfacial tension between liquid dilute Fe-Si-O alloys and the slag', Tetsu-to-Hagane, Vol.63, pp.1484-1493.
77. Ogino, K., Hara, S., Miwa, T. and Kimoto, T. (1979) 'The effect of oxygen content in molten steel on the interfacial tension between molten steel and slag', Tetsu-to-Hagane, Vol. 65, pp.2012-2021.
78. Ogino, K., Hara, S., Miwa, T. and Kimoto, S. (1984) 'The effect of oxygen content in molten iron on the interfacial tension between molten iron and slag', Trans. Iron Steel Inst. Jpn., Vol.24, pp.522-531.
79. Kozakevitch, P. (1957) Physical Chemistry of Steelmaking, A Symposium, MIT Press, Cambridge, Mass., USA, p. 134.
80. Gammal, T.E., Jofré, S.J. and Sanchez, L. (1986) 'The determination of the thermal conductivity of synthetic casting powders', Steel Res., Vol. 57, pp.620-625.
81. Fine, H.A., Engh, T. and Elliott, J.F. (1976) 'Measurement of the thermal diffusivity of liquid oxides and metallurgical slags', Metall. Trans. B, Vol. 7B, pp.277-285.
82. Sakuraya, T., Emi, T., Ohta, H. and Waseda, Y. (1982) 'Determination of thermal conductivity of slag melts by means of modified laser flash method', J. Jpn. Inst. Met., Vol. 46, pp.1131-1138.
83. Ohta, H., Waseda, Y. and Shiraishi, Y. (1984) 'Measurement of thermal conductivity of molten silicate by means of laser flash method', Proc. 2nd Inter. Symp. on Metallurgical Slags and Fluxes, Lake Tahoe, Nevada, The Metallurgical Society of AIME, pp.863-873.
84. Kishimoto, M., Maeda, M., Mori, K. and Kawai, Y. (1984) 'Thermal conductivity and specific heat of metallurgical slags', Proc. 2nd Inter. Symp. on Metallurgical Slags and Fluxes, Lake Tahoe, Nevada, The Metallurgical Society of AIME, pp.891-905.
85. Ohta, H., Nakajima, K., Masuda, M. and Waseda, Y. (1992) 'Heat transfer in continuous casting powders', Proc. 4th Int. Conf. on Molten Slags and Fluxes, ISIJ, Sendai, pp.421-426.
86. Waseda, Y., Masuda, M., Watanabe, K., Shibata, H., Ohta, H. and Nakajima, H. (1994) 'Thermal diffusivities of continuous casting powders for steel at high temperature', High Temp. Mater. Proc., Vol. 13, pp.267-276.
87. Eriksson, R. and Seetharaman, S. (2004) 'Thermal diffusivity measurements of some synthetic CaO-A1203-SiO2 slags', Metell. Mater. Trans. B, Vol. 35B, pp.461-469.
88. Eriksson, R., Hayashi, M. and Seetharaman, S. (2003) 'Thermal diffusivity measurement of liquid silicate melts', Int. J. Thermophys., Vol. 24, pp.785-797.
89. Nagata, K., Susa, M. and Goto, K.S. (1983) 'Thermal conductivities of slags for ironmaking and Steelmaking', Tetsu-to-Hagane, Vol. 69, pp.1417-1424.
90. Nagata, K. and Goto, K.S. (1984) 'Heat conductivity and mean free path of phonons in metallurgical slags', Proc. 2nd Inter. Symp. on Metallurgical Slags and Fluxes, Lake Tahoe, Nevada, The Metallurgical Society of AIME, pp.875-889.
91. Hayashi, M., Ishii, H., Susa, M., Fukuyama, H. and Nagata, K. (2001) 'Effect of ionicity of non-bridging oxygen ions on thermal conductivity of molten alkali silicates', Phys. Chem. Glasses, Vol. 42, pp.6-11.
92. Susa, M., Kubota, S., Hayashi, M. and Mills, K.C. (2001) 'Thermal conductivity and structure of alkali silicate melts containing fluorides', Ironmaking Steelmaking, Vol. 28, pp.390-395.
93. Mazurin, O.V., Streltsina, M. V. and Shvaiko-Shvaikovskaya, T.P. (1987) Handbook of Glass Data, Elsevier, New York.
94. Nagata, K., Ohira, K., Yamada, H. and Goto, K.S. (1987) 'Velocity and absorption coefficient of ultrasonic waves in molten and glassy silicates and borates', Metall. Trans. B, Vol. 18B, pp.549-555.
95. Waseda, Y. and Toguri, J.M. (1998) The Structure and Properties of Oxide Melts, World Scientific Publishing Co. Pte. Ltd., p. 146, Singapore.
96. Mills, K.C. (1988) 'Thermal conductivities of liquid slags', Proc. 3rd Inter. Conf. on Molten Slags and Fluxes, Glasgow, The Institute of Metals, pp.229-234.
97. Ammar, M.M., Gharib, S., Halawa, M.M., El-Badry, K., Ghoneim, N.A. and El-Batal, H.A. (1982) 'Thermal conductivity of some silicate glasses in relation to composition and structure', J. Non-Cryst. Solids, Vol. 53, pp.165-172.
98. Macedo, P. and Litovitz, T.A. (1965) 'Ultrasonic viscous relaxation in molten boron trioxide', Phys. Chem. Glasses, Vol. 6, pp.69-80.
99. Zhu, H., Saito, T., Sato, Y., Yamamura, T., Shimakage, K. and Ejima, T. (1991) 'Ultrasonic velocity and absorption coefficient in molten alkali metal nitrates and carbonates', J. Jpn. Inst. Met.,Vol. 55, pp.937-944.
100. Takimoto, K. and Endo, H. (1982) 'Sound velocity of liquid Se-Te mixture', Phys. Chem. Liq., Vol. 12, pp.141-150.
101. Turner, R., Crozier, E.D. and Cochran, J.F. (1972) 'A new technique for measuring the velocity of sound in liquid metals', Canad. J. Phys., Vol. 50, pp.2735-2740.
102. Mason, W.P. (1968) Physical Acoustics, part B, Academic Press, Vol. 4, p.57-77.
103. Ejima, T. and Yamamura, T. (1984) 'Thermophysical properties of molten salts: hypersonic velocities of molten alkali nitrates and their mixtures', Int. J. Thermophys., Vol. 5, pp.131-148.