Can lepton flavor violating interactions explain the atmospheric neutrino problem?

Physical Review D - Particles, Fields, Gravitation and Cosmology

Volumn 61, Issue 5, 2000, Pages 1-7

  Bergmann, Sven ^a   Grossman, Yuval ^b   Pierce, Damien M ^c  

^a WEIZMANN INSTITUTE OF SCIENCE   (Israel)

^b SLAC NATIONAL ACCELERATOR LABORATORY   (United States)

^c BROOKHAVEN NATIONAL LABORATORY   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 17044381215     PISSN: 05562821     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevD.61.053005     Document Type: Article

References (91)

1. H. S. Hirata et al., Phys. Lett. B 280, 146 (1992); Y. Fukuda et al., ibid. 335, 237 (1994).
2. H. S. Hirata et al., Phys. Lett. B 280, 146 (1992); Y. Fukuda et al., ibid. 335, 237 (1994).
3. R. Becker-Szendy et al., Phys. Rev. D 46, 3720 (1992); Phys. Rev. Lett. 69, 1010 (1992).
4. R. Becker-Szendy et al., Phys. Rev. D 46, 3720 (1992); Phys. Rev. Lett. 69, 1010 (1992).
5. W. W. M. Allison et al., Phys. Lett. B 391, 49 (1997); 449, 137 (1999).
6. W. W. M. Allison et al., Phys. Lett. B 391, 49 (1997); 449, 137 (1999).
7. Y. Fukuda et al., Phys. Lett. B 433, 9 (1998); 436, 33 (1998).
8. Y. Fukuda et al., Phys. Lett. B 433, 9 (1998); 436, 33 (1998).
9. E. Ma and P. Roy, Phys. Rev. Lett. 80, 4637 (1998).
10. G. Brooijmans, hep-ph/9808498.
11. M. C. Gonzalez-Garcia et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 82, 3202 (1999).
12. N. Fornengo, M. C. Gonzalez-Garcia, H. Nunokawa, and J. W. F. Valle, hep-ph/9906539.
13. For recent analysis, see e.g., M. C. Gonzalez-Garcia et al., Phys. Rev. D 58, 033004 (1998); M. C. Gonzalez-Garcia, H. Nunokawa, O. L. G. Peres, and J. W. F. Valle, Nucl. Phys. B543, 3 (1999).
14. For recent analysis, see e.g., M. C. Gonzalez-Garcia et al., Phys. Rev. D 58, 033004 (1998); M. C. Gonzalez-Garcia, H. Nunokawa, O. L. G. Peres, and J. W. F. Valle, Nucl. Phys. B543, 3 (1999).
15. J. N. Bahcall and P. I. Krastev, Phys. Rev. D 53, 4211 (1996); N. Hata and P. Langacker, ibid. 56, 6107 (1997); J. N. Bahcall, P. I. Krastev, and A. Yu. Smirnov, ibid. 58, 096016 (1998).
16. J. N. Bahcall and P. I. Krastev, Phys. Rev. D 53, 4211 (1996); N. Hata and P. Langacker, ibid. 56, 6107 (1997); J. N. Bahcall, P. I. Krastev, and A. Yu. Smirnov, ibid. 58, 096016 (1998).
17. J. N. Bahcall and P. I. Krastev, Phys. Rev. D 53, 4211 (1996); N. Hata and P. Langacker, ibid. 56, 6107 (1997); J. N. Bahcall, P. I. Krastev, and A. Yu. Smirnov, ibid. 58, 096016 (1998).
18. LSND Collaboration, C. Athanassopoulos et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 77, 3082 (1996); 81, 1774 (1998).
19. LSND Collaboration, C. Athanassopoulos et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 77, 3082 (1996); 81, 1774 (1998).
20. See, for example, D. O. Caldwell and R. N. Mohapatra, Phys. Rev. D 48, 3259 (1993); 50, 3477 (1994); J. T. Peltoniemi and J. W. F. Valle, Nucl. Phys. B406, 409 (1993); N. Arkani-Hamed and Y. Grossman, Phys. Lett. B 459, 179 (1999); G. Dvali and Y. Nir, J. High Energy Phys. 10, 014 (1998), and references therein.
21. See, for example, D. O. Caldwell and R. N. Mohapatra, Phys. Rev. D 48, 3259 (1993); 50, 3477 (1994); J. T. Peltoniemi and J. W. F. Valle, Nucl. Phys. B406, 409 (1993); N. Arkani-Hamed and Y. Grossman, Phys. Lett. B 459, 179 (1999); G. Dvali and Y. Nir, J. High Energy Phys. 10, 014 (1998), and references therein.
22. See, for example, D. O. Caldwell and R. N. Mohapatra, Phys. Rev. D 48, 3259 (1993); 50, 3477 (1994); J. T. Peltoniemi and J. W. F. Valle, Nucl. Phys. B406, 409 (1993); N. Arkani-Hamed and Y. Grossman, Phys. Lett. B 459, 179 (1999); G. Dvali and Y. Nir, J. High Energy Phys. 10, 014 (1998), and references therein.
23. See, for example, D. O. Caldwell and R. N. Mohapatra, Phys. Rev. D 48, 3259 (1993); 50, 3477 (1994); J. T. Peltoniemi and J. W. F. Valle, Nucl. Phys. B406, 409 (1993); N. Arkani-Hamed and Y. Grossman, Phys. Lett. B 459, 179 (1999); G. Dvali and Y. Nir, J. High Energy Phys. 10, 014 (1998), and references therein.
24. See, for example, D. O. Caldwell and R. N. Mohapatra, Phys. Rev. D 48, 3259 (1993); 50, 3477 (1994); J. T. Peltoniemi and J. W. F. Valle, Nucl. Phys. B406, 409 (1993); N. Arkani-Hamed and Y. Grossman, Phys. Lett. B 459, 179 (1999); G. Dvali and Y. Nir, J. High Energy Phys. 10, 014 (1998), and references therein.
25. S. Bergmann and Y. Grossman, Phys. Rev. D 59, 093005 (1999).
26. E. Roulet, Phys. Rev. D 44, 935 (1991); M. M. Guzzo, M. Masiero, and S. T. Petcov, Phys. Lett. B 260, 154 (1991); S. Degl'Innocenti and B. Ricci, Mod. Phys. Lett. A 8, 471 (1993); G. L. Fogli and E. Lisi, Astropart. Phys. 2, 91 (1994); P. I. Krastev and J. N. Bahcall, hep-ph/9703267; S. Bergmann, Nucl. Phys. B515, 363 (1998).
27. E. Roulet, Phys. Rev. D 44, 935 (1991); M. M. Guzzo, M. Masiero, and S. T. Petcov, Phys. Lett. B 260, 154 (1991); S. Degl'Innocenti and B. Ricci, Mod. Phys. Lett. A 8, 471 (1993); G. L. Fogli and E. Lisi, Astropart. Phys. 2, 91 (1994); P. I. Krastev and J. N. Bahcall, hep-ph/9703267; S. Bergmann, Nucl. Phys. B515, 363 (1998).
28. E. Roulet, Phys. Rev. D 44, 935 (1991); M. M. Guzzo, M. Masiero, and S. T. Petcov, Phys. Lett. B 260, 154 (1991); S. Degl'Innocenti and B. Ricci, Mod. Phys. Lett. A 8, 471 (1993); G. L. Fogli and E. Lisi, Astropart. Phys. 2, 91 (1994); P. I. Krastev and J. N. Bahcall, hep-ph/9703267; S. Bergmann, Nucl. Phys. B515, 363 (1998).
29. E. Roulet, Phys. Rev. D 44, 935 (1991); M. M. Guzzo, M. Masiero, and S. T. Petcov, Phys. Lett. B 260, 154 (1991); S. Degl'Innocenti and B. Ricci, Mod. Phys. Lett. A 8, 471 (1993); G. L. Fogli and E. Lisi, Astropart. Phys. 2, 91 (1994); P. I. Krastev and J. N. Bahcall, hep-ph/9703267; S. Bergmann, Nucl. Phys. B515, 363 (1998).
30. E. Roulet, Phys. Rev. D 44, 935 (1991); M. M. Guzzo, M. Masiero, and S. T. Petcov, Phys. Lett. B 260, 154 (1991); S. Degl'Innocenti and B. Ricci, Mod. Phys. Lett. A 8, 471 (1993); G. L. Fogli and E. Lisi, Astropart. Phys. 2, 91 (1994); P. I. Krastev and J. N. Bahcall, hep-ph/9703267; S. Bergmann, Nucl. Phys. B515, 363 (1998).
31. V. Barger, R. J. N. Phillips, and K. Whisnant, Phys. Rev. D 44, 1629 (1991).
32. S. Bergmann, Y. Grossman, and E. Nardi, Phys. Rev. D 60, 093008 (1999).
33. P. Langacker and D. London, Phys. Rev. D 38, 907 (1988); H. Nunokawa, Y.-Z. Qian, A. Rossi, and J. W. F. Valle, ibid. 54, 4356 (1996), and references therein.
34. P. Langacker and D. London, Phys. Rev. D 38, 907 (1988); H. Nunokawa, Y.-Z. Qian, A. Rossi, and J. W. F. Valle, ibid. 54, 4356 (1996), and references therein.
35. S. Bergmann and A. Kagan, Nucl. Phys. B538, 368 (1999).
36. P. Lipari and M. Lusignoli, Phys. Rev. D 60, 013003 (1999).
37. G. L. Fogli, E. Lisi, A. Marrone, and G. Scioscia, Phys. Rev. D 60, 053006 (1999).
38. M. M. Guzzo, et al., hep-ph/9908308.
39. C. S. Aulakh and N. R. Mohapatra, Phys. Lett. 119B, 136 (1983); F. Zwirner, ibid. 132B, 103 (1983); L. J. Hall and M. Suzuki, Nucl. Phys. B231, 419 (1984); J. Ellis et al., Phys. Lett. 150B, 14 (1985); G. G. Ross and J. W. F. Valle, ibid. 151B, 375 (1985); R. Barbieri and A. Masiero, Phys. Lett. B 267, 679 (1986).
40. C. S. Aulakh and N. R. Mohapatra, Phys. Lett. 119B, 136 (1983); F. Zwirner, ibid. 132B, 103 (1983); L. J. Hall and M. Suzuki, Nucl. Phys. B231, 419 (1984); J. Ellis et al., Phys. Lett. 150B, 14 (1985); G. G. Ross and J. W. F. Valle, ibid. 151B, 375 (1985); R. Barbieri and A. Masiero, Phys. Lett. B 267, 679 (1986).
41. C. S. Aulakh and N. R. Mohapatra, Phys. Lett. 119B, 136 (1983); F. Zwirner, ibid. 132B, 103 (1983); L. J. Hall and M. Suzuki, Nucl. Phys. B231, 419 (1984); J. Ellis et al., Phys. Lett. 150B, 14 (1985); G. G. Ross and J. W. F. Valle, ibid. 151B, 375 (1985); R. Barbieri and A. Masiero, Phys. Lett. B 267, 679 (1986).
42. C. S. Aulakh and N. R. Mohapatra, Phys. Lett. 119B, 136 (1983); F. Zwirner, ibid. 132B, 103 (1983); L. J. Hall and M. Suzuki, Nucl. Phys. B231, 419 (1984); J. Ellis et al., Phys. Lett. 150B, 14 (1985); G. G. Ross and J. W. F. Valle, ibid. 151B, 375 (1985); R. Barbieri and A. Masiero, Phys. Lett. B 267, 679 (1986).
43. C. S. Aulakh and N. R. Mohapatra, Phys. Lett. 119B, 136 (1983); F. Zwirner, ibid. 132B, 103 (1983); L. J. Hall and M. Suzuki, Nucl. Phys. B231, 419 (1984); J. Ellis et al., Phys. Lett. 150B, 14 (1985); G. G. Ross and J. W. F. Valle, ibid. 151B, 375 (1985); R. Barbieri and A. Masiero, Phys. Lett. B 267, 679 (1986).
44. C. S. Aulakh and N. R. Mohapatra, Phys. Lett. 119B, 136 (1983); F. Zwirner, ibid. 132B, 103 (1983); L. J. Hall and M. Suzuki, Nucl. Phys. B231, 419 (1984); J. Ellis et al., Phys. Lett. 150B, 14 (1985); G. G. Ross and J. W. F. Valle, ibid. 151B, 375 (1985); R. Barbieri and A. Masiero, Phys. Lett. B 267, 679 (1986).
45. J. C. Pati and A. Salam, Phys. Rev. D 10, 275 (1974); R. N. Mohapatra and J. C. Pati, ibid. 11, 566 (1975); 11, 2558 (1975); R. N. Mohapatra and G. Senjanović, ibid. 12, 1502 (1975); see also Ref. [15] and references therein.
46. J. C. Pati and A. Salam, Phys. Rev. D 10, 275 (1974); R. N. Mohapatra and J. C. Pati, ibid. 11, 566 (1975); 11, 2558 (1975); R. N. Mohapatra and G. Senjanović, ibid. 12, 1502 (1975); see also Ref. [15] and references therein.
47. J. C. Pati and A. Salam, Phys. Rev. D 10, 275 (1974); R. N. Mohapatra and J. C. Pati, ibid. 11, 566 (1975); 11, 2558 (1975); R. N. Mohapatra and G. Senjanović, ibid. 12, 1502 (1975); see also Ref. [15] and references therein.
48. J. C. Pati and A. Salam, Phys. Rev. D 10, 275 (1974); R. N. Mohapatra and J. C. Pati, ibid. 11, 566 (1975); 11, 2558 (1975); R. N. Mohapatra and G. Senjanović, ibid. 12, 1502 (1975); see also Ref. [15] and references therein.
49. CLEO Collaboration, W. Bliss et al., Phys. Rev. D 57, 5903 (1998).
50. Particle Data Group, C. Caso et al., Eur. Phys. J. C 3, 1 (1998); see also http://pdg.lbl.gov.
51. See, e.g., J.F. Donoghue, E. Golowich, and B. R. Holstein, Dynamics of the Standard Model (Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, England, 1992).
52. A. Pich, Review talk at Lepton Photon 99, Stanford University, 1999. See also hep-ph/9711279, hep-ph/9802257.
53. M. E. Peskin and T. Takeuchi, Phys. Rev. Lett. 65, 964 (1990); Phys. Rev. D 46, 381 (1992).
54. M. E. Peskin and T. Takeuchi, Phys. Rev. Lett. 65, 964 (1990); Phys. Rev. D 46, 381 (1992).
55. ∼erler/electroweak/GAPP.html.
56. J. Mnich and G. Quast, presented at the International Europhysics Conference on High Energy Physics, Tampere (1999); The LEP Collaborations ALEPH, DELPHI, L3, OPAL, the LEP Electroweak Working Group and the SLD Heavy Flavour and Electroweak Groups, D. Abbaneo et al., CERN-EP/99-15; R. Clare (private communication); The LEP/SLD Heavy Flavour Working Group, D. Abbaneo et al., LEPHF/99-01; SLD Collaboration, K. Abe et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 78, 2075 (1997); SLD Collaboration, J. E. Brau et al., presented at the International Europhysics Conference on High Energy Physics, Tampere (1999); SLD Collaboration, K. Abe et al., submitted to the International Europhysics Conference on High Energy Physics, Tampere (1999); SLD Collaboration, K. Abe et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 79, 804 (1997); SLD Collaboration, K. Abe et al., ibid. 78, 17 (1997); DELPHI Collaboration, P. Abreu et al., Z. Phys. C 67, 1 (1995); OPAL Collaboration, K. Ackerstaff et al., submitted to the XXIXth Conference on High Energy Physics, Vancouver (1998).
57. J. Mnich and G. Quast, presented at the International Europhysics Conference on High Energy Physics, Tampere (1999); The LEP Collaborations ALEPH, DELPHI, L3, OPAL, the LEP Electroweak Working Group and the SLD Heavy Flavour and Electroweak Groups, D. Abbaneo et al., CERN-EP/99-15; R. Clare (private communication); The LEP/SLD Heavy Flavour Working Group, D. Abbaneo et al., LEPHF/99-01; SLD Collaboration, K. Abe et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 78, 2075 (1997); SLD Collaboration, J. E. Brau et al., presented at the International Europhysics Conference on High Energy Physics, Tampere (1999); SLD Collaboration, K. Abe et al., submitted to the International Europhysics Conference on High Energy Physics, Tampere (1999); SLD Collaboration, K. Abe et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 79, 804 (1997); SLD Collaboration, K. Abe et al., ibid. 78, 17 (1997); DELPHI Collaboration, P. Abreu et al., Z. Phys. C 67, 1 (1995); OPAL Collaboration, K. Ackerstaff et al., submitted to the XXIXth Conference on High Energy Physics, Vancouver (1998).
58. J. Mnich and G. Quast, presented at the International Europhysics Conference on High Energy Physics, Tampere (1999); The LEP Collaborations ALEPH, DELPHI, L3, OPAL, the LEP Electroweak Working Group and the SLD Heavy Flavour and Electroweak Groups, D. Abbaneo et al., CERN-EP/99-15; R. Clare (private communication); The LEP/SLD Heavy Flavour Working Group, D. Abbaneo et al., LEPHF/99-01; SLD Collaboration, K. Abe et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 78, 2075 (1997); SLD Collaboration, J. E. Brau et al., presented at the International Europhysics Conference on High Energy Physics, Tampere (1999); SLD Collaboration, K. Abe et al., submitted to the International Europhysics Conference on High Energy Physics, Tampere (1999); SLD Collaboration, K. Abe et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 79, 804 (1997); SLD Collaboration, K. Abe et al., ibid. 78, 17 (1997); DELPHI Collaboration, P. Abreu et al., Z. Phys. C 67, 1 (1995); OPAL Collaboration, K. Ackerstaff et al., submitted to the XXIXth Conference on High Energy Physics, Vancouver (1998).
59. J. Mnich and G. Quast, presented at the International Europhysics Conference on High Energy Physics, Tampere (1999); The LEP Collaborations ALEPH, DELPHI, L3, OPAL, the LEP Electroweak Working Group and the SLD Heavy Flavour and Electroweak Groups, D. Abbaneo et al., CERN-EP/99-15; R. Clare (private communication); The LEP/SLD Heavy Flavour Working Group, D. Abbaneo et al., LEPHF/99-01; SLD Collaboration, K. Abe et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 78, 2075 (1997); SLD Collaboration, J. E. Brau et al., presented at the International Europhysics Conference on High Energy Physics, Tampere (1999); SLD Collaboration, K. Abe et al., submitted to the International Europhysics Conference on High Energy Physics, Tampere (1999); SLD Collaboration, K. Abe et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 79, 804 (1997); SLD Collaboration, K. Abe et al., ibid. 78, 17 (1997); DELPHI Collaboration, P. Abreu et al., Z. Phys. C 67, 1 (1995); OPAL Collaboration, K. Ackerstaff et al., submitted to the XXIXth Conference on High Energy Physics, Vancouver (1998).
60. J. Mnich and G. Quast, presented at the International Europhysics Conference on High Energy Physics, Tampere (1999); The LEP Collaborations ALEPH, DELPHI, L3, OPAL, the LEP Electroweak Working Group and the SLD Heavy Flavour and Electroweak Groups, D. Abbaneo et al., CERN-EP/99-15; R. Clare (private communication); The LEP/SLD Heavy Flavour Working Group, D. Abbaneo et al., LEPHF/99-01; SLD Collaboration, K. Abe et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 78, 2075 (1997); SLD Collaboration, J. E. Brau et al., presented at the International Europhysics Conference on High Energy Physics, Tampere (1999); SLD Collaboration, K. Abe et al., submitted to the International Europhysics Conference on High Energy Physics, Tampere (1999); SLD Collaboration, K. Abe et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 79, 804 (1997); SLD Collaboration, K. Abe et al., ibid. 78, 17 (1997); DELPHI Collaboration, P. Abreu et al., Z. Phys. C 67, 1 (1995); OPAL Collaboration, K. Ackerstaff et al., submitted to the XXIXth Conference on High Energy Physics, Vancouver (1998).
61. J. Mnich and G. Quast, presented at the International Europhysics Conference on High Energy Physics, Tampere (1999); The LEP Collaborations ALEPH, DELPHI, L3, OPAL, the LEP Electroweak Working Group and the SLD Heavy Flavour and Electroweak Groups, D. Abbaneo et al., CERN-EP/99-15; R. Clare (private communication); The LEP/SLD Heavy Flavour Working Group, D. Abbaneo et al., LEPHF/99-01; SLD Collaboration, K. Abe et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 78, 2075 (1997); SLD Collaboration, J. E. Brau et al., presented at the International Europhysics Conference on High Energy Physics, Tampere (1999); SLD Collaboration, K. Abe et al., submitted to the International Europhysics Conference on High Energy Physics, Tampere (1999); SLD Collaboration, K. Abe et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 79, 804 (1997); SLD Collaboration, K. Abe et al., ibid. 78, 17 (1997); DELPHI Collaboration, P. Abreu et al., Z. Phys. C 67, 1 (1995); OPAL Collaboration, K. Ackerstaff et al., submitted to the XXIXth Conference on High Energy Physics, Vancouver (1998).
62. J. Mnich and G. Quast, presented at the International Europhysics Conference on High Energy Physics, Tampere (1999); The LEP Collaborations ALEPH, DELPHI, L3, OPAL, the LEP Electroweak Working Group and the SLD Heavy Flavour and Electroweak Groups, D. Abbaneo et al., CERN-EP/99-15; R. Clare (private communication); The LEP/SLD Heavy Flavour Working Group, D. Abbaneo et al., LEPHF/99-01; SLD Collaboration, K. Abe et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 78, 2075 (1997); SLD Collaboration, J. E. Brau et al., presented at the International Europhysics Conference on High Energy Physics, Tampere (1999); SLD Collaboration, K. Abe et al., submitted to the International Europhysics Conference on High Energy Physics, Tampere (1999); SLD Collaboration, K. Abe et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 79, 804 (1997); SLD Collaboration, K. Abe et al., ibid. 78, 17 (1997); DELPHI Collaboration, P. Abreu et al., Z. Phys. C 67, 1 (1995); OPAL Collaboration, K. Ackerstaff et al., submitted to the XXIXth Conference on High Energy Physics, Vancouver (1998).
63. J. Mnich and G. Quast, presented at the International Europhysics Conference on High Energy Physics, Tampere (1999); The LEP Collaborations ALEPH, DELPHI, L3, OPAL, the LEP Electroweak Working Group and the SLD Heavy Flavour and Electroweak Groups, D. Abbaneo et al., CERN-EP/99-15; R. Clare (private communication); The LEP/SLD Heavy Flavour Working Group, D. Abbaneo et al., LEPHF/99-01; SLD Collaboration, K. Abe et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 78, 2075 (1997); SLD Collaboration, J. E. Brau et al., presented at the International Europhysics Conference on High Energy Physics, Tampere (1999); SLD Collaboration, K. Abe et al., submitted to the International Europhysics Conference on High Energy Physics, Tampere (1999); SLD Collaboration, K. Abe et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 79, 804 (1997); SLD Collaboration, K. Abe et al., ibid. 78, 17 (1997); DELPHI Collaboration, P. Abreu et al., Z. Phys. C 67, 1 (1995); OPAL Collaboration, K. Ackerstaff et al., submitted to the XXIXth Conference on High Energy Physics, Vancouver (1998).
64. J. Mnich and G. Quast, presented at the International Europhysics Conference on High Energy Physics, Tampere (1999); The LEP Collaborations ALEPH, DELPHI, L3, OPAL, the LEP Electroweak Working Group and the SLD Heavy Flavour and Electroweak Groups, D. Abbaneo et al., CERN-EP/99-15; R. Clare (private communication); The LEP/SLD Heavy Flavour Working Group, D. Abbaneo et al., LEPHF/99-01; SLD Collaboration, K. Abe et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 78, 2075 (1997); SLD Collaboration, J. E. Brau et al., presented at the International Europhysics Conference on High Energy Physics, Tampere (1999); SLD Collaboration, K. Abe et al., submitted to the International Europhysics Conference on High Energy Physics, Tampere (1999); SLD Collaboration, K. Abe et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 79, 804 (1997); SLD Collaboration, K. Abe et al., ibid. 78, 17 (1997); DELPHI Collaboration, P. Abreu et al., Z. Phys. C 67, 1 (1995); OPAL Collaboration, K. Ackerstaff et al., submitted to the XXIXth Conference on High Energy Physics, Vancouver (1998).
65. CDF Collaboration, F. Abe et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 75, 11 (1995); CDF Collaboration, F. Abe et al., Phys. Rev. D 52, 4784 (1995); CDF Collaboration, W. Carithers et al., presented at the International Europhysics Conference on High Energy Physics, Tampere (1999); DO Collaboration, B. Abbott et al., Phys. Rev. D 58, 092003 (1998); DO Collaboration, B. Abbott et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 80, 3008 (1998); DO Collabo-ration, B. Abbott et al., submitted to the International Europhysics Conference on High Energy Physics, Tampere (1999); UA2 Collaboration, S. Alitti et al., Phys. Lett. B 276, 354 (1992).
66. CDF Collaboration, F. Abe et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 75, 11 (1995); CDF Collaboration, F. Abe et al., Phys. Rev. D 52, 4784 (1995); CDF Collaboration, W. Carithers et al., presented at the International Europhysics Conference on High Energy Physics, Tampere (1999); DO Collaboration, B. Abbott et al., Phys. Rev. D 58, 092003 (1998); DO Collaboration, B. Abbott et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 80, 3008 (1998); DO Collabo-ration, B. Abbott et al., submitted to the International Europhysics Conference on High Energy Physics, Tampere (1999); UA2 Collaboration, S. Alitti et al., Phys. Lett. B 276, 354 (1992).
67. CDF Collaboration, F. Abe et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 75, 11 (1995); CDF Collaboration, F. Abe et al., Phys. Rev. D 52, 4784 (1995); CDF Collaboration, W. Carithers et al., presented at the International Europhysics Conference on High Energy Physics, Tampere (1999); DO Collaboration, B. Abbott et al., Phys. Rev. D 58, 092003 (1998); DO Collaboration, B. Abbott et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 80, 3008 (1998); DO Collabo-ration, B. Abbott et al., submitted to the International Europhysics Conference on High Energy Physics, Tampere (1999); UA2 Collaboration, S. Alitti et al., Phys. Lett. B 276, 354 (1992).
68. CDF Collaboration, F. Abe et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 75, 11 (1995); CDF Collaboration, F. Abe et al., Phys. Rev. D 52, 4784 (1995); CDF Collaboration, W. Carithers et al., presented at the International Europhysics Conference on High Energy Physics, Tampere (1999); DO Collaboration, B. Abbott et al., Phys. Rev. D 58, 092003 (1998); DO Collaboration, B. Abbott et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 80, 3008 (1998); DO Collabo-ration, B. Abbott et al., submitted to the International Europhysics Conference on High Energy Physics, Tampere (1999); UA2 Collaboration, S. Alitti et al., Phys. Lett. B 276, 354 (1992).
69. CDF Collaboration, F. Abe et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 75, 11 (1995); CDF Collaboration, F. Abe et al., Phys. Rev. D 52, 4784 (1995); CDF Collaboration, W. Carithers et al., presented at the International Europhysics Conference on High Energy Physics, Tampere (1999); DO Collaboration, B. Abbott et al., Phys. Rev. D 58, 092003 (1998); DO Collaboration, B. Abbott et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 80, 3008 (1998); DO Collabo-ration, B. Abbott et al., submitted to the International Europhysics Conference on High Energy Physics, Tampere (1999); UA2 Collaboration, S. Alitti et al., Phys. Lett. B 276, 354 (1992).
70. CDF Collaboration, F. Abe et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 75, 11 (1995); CDF Collaboration, F. Abe et al., Phys. Rev. D 52, 4784 (1995); CDF Collaboration, W. Carithers et al., presented at the International Europhysics Conference on High Energy Physics, Tampere (1999); DO Collaboration, B. Abbott et al., Phys. Rev. D 58, 092003 (1998); DO Collaboration, B. Abbott et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 80, 3008 (1998); DO Collabo-ration, B. Abbott et al., submitted to the International Europhysics Conference on High Energy Physics, Tampere (1999); UA2 Collaboration, S. Alitti et al., Phys. Lett. B 276, 354 (1992).
71. CDF Collaboration, F. Abe et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 75, 11 (1995); CDF Collaboration, F. Abe et al., Phys. Rev. D 52, 4784 (1995); CDF Collaboration, W. Carithers et al., presented at the International Europhysics Conference on High Energy Physics, Tampere (1999); DO Collaboration, B. Abbott et al., Phys. Rev. D 58, 092003 (1998); DO Collaboration, B. Abbott et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 80, 3008 (1998); DO Collabo-ration, B. Abbott et al., submitted to the International Europhysics Conference on High Energy Physics, Tampere (1999); UA2 Collaboration, S. Alitti et al., Phys. Lett. B 276, 354 (1992).
72. CDF Collaboration, F. Abe et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 82, 271 (1999); DO Collaboration, B. Abbott et al., Phys. Rev. D 58, 052001 (1998).
73. CDF Collaboration, F. Abe et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 82, 271 (1999); DO Collaboration, B. Abbott et al., Phys. Rev. D 58, 052001 (1998).
74. NuTeV Collaboration, K. S. McFarland et al., hep-ex/9806013, submitted to the Proceedings of the XXXIIIrd Rencontres de Moriond: Electroweak Interactions and Unified Theories, Les Arcs, France, 1998; CCFR Collaboration, K. S. McFarland et al., Eur. Phys. J. C 1, 509 (1998); CDHS Collaboration, H. Abramowicz et al., Z. Phys. C 28, 51 (1985); A. Blondel et al., ibid. 45, 361 (1990); CHARM Collaboration, V. Allaby et al., ibid. 36, 611 (1987).
75. NuTeV Collaboration, K. S. McFarland et al., hep-ex/9806013, submitted to the Proceedings of the XXXIIIrd Rencontres de Moriond: Electroweak Interactions and Unified Theories, Les Arcs, France, 1998; CCFR Collaboration, K. S. McFarland et al., Eur. Phys. J. C 1, 509 (1998); CDHS Collaboration, H. Abramowicz et al., Z. Phys. C 28, 51 (1985); A. Blondel et al., ibid. 45, 361 (1990); CHARM Collaboration, V. Allaby et al., ibid. 36, 611 (1987).
76. NuTeV Collaboration, K. S. McFarland et al., hep-ex/9806013, submitted to the Proceedings of the XXXIIIrd Rencontres de Moriond: Electroweak Interactions and Unified Theories, Les Arcs, France, 1998; CCFR Collaboration, K. S. McFarland et al., Eur. Phys. J. C 1, 509 (1998); CDHS Collaboration, H. Abramowicz et al., Z. Phys. C 28, 51 (1985); A. Blondel et al., ibid. 45, 361 (1990); CHARM Collaboration, V. Allaby et al., ibid. 36, 611 (1987).
77. NuTeV Collaboration, K. S. McFarland et al., hep-ex/9806013, submitted to the Proceedings of the XXXIIIrd Rencontres de Moriond: Electroweak Interactions and Unified Theories, Les Arcs, France, 1998; CCFR Collaboration, K. S. McFarland et al., Eur. Phys. J. C 1, 509 (1998); CDHS Collaboration, H. Abramowicz et al., Z. Phys. C 28, 51 (1985); A. Blondel et al., ibid. 45, 361 (1990); CHARM Collaboration, V. Allaby et al., ibid. 36, 611 (1987).
78. NuTeV Collaboration, K. S. McFarland et al., hep-ex/9806013, submitted to the Proceedings of the XXXIIIrd Rencontres de Moriond: Electroweak Interactions and Unified Theories, Les Arcs, France, 1998; CCFR Collaboration, K. S. McFarland et al., Eur. Phys. J. C 1, 509 (1998); CDHS Collaboration, H. Abramowicz et al., Z. Phys. C 28, 51 (1985); A. Blondel et al., ibid. 45, 361 (1990); CHARM Collaboration, V. Allaby et al., ibid. 36, 611 (1987).
79. CHARM II Collaboration, P. Vilain et al., Phys. Lett. B 335, 246 (1994).
80. C. S. Wood et al., Science 2, 1759 (1997); S. C. Bennett and C. E. Wieman, Phys. Rev. Lett. 82, 2484 (1999); N. H. Edwards, S. J. Phipp, P. E. G. Baird, and S. Nakayama, ibid. 74, 2654 (1995); P. A. Vetter, et al., ibid. 74, 2658 (1995).
81. C. S. Wood et al., Science 2, 1759 (1997); S. C. Bennett and C. E. Wieman, Phys. Rev. Lett. 82, 2484 (1999); N. H. Edwards, S. J. Phipp, P. E. G. Baird, and S. Nakayama, ibid. 74, 2654 (1995); P. A. Vetter, et al., ibid. 74, 2658 (1995).
82. C. S. Wood et al., Science 2, 1759 (1997); S. C. Bennett and C. E. Wieman, Phys. Rev. Lett. 82, 2484 (1999); N. H. Edwards, S. J. Phipp, P. E. G. Baird, and S. Nakayama, ibid. 74, 2654 (1995); P. A. Vetter, et al., ibid. 74, 2658 (1995).
83. C. S. Wood et al., Science 2, 1759 (1997); S. C. Bennett and C. E. Wieman, Phys. Rev. Lett. 82, 2484 (1999); N. H. Edwards, S. J. Phipp, P. E. G. Baird, and S. Nakayama, ibid. 74, 2654 (1995); P. A. Vetter, et al., ibid. 74, 2658 (1995).
84. T. Yanagida, Proceedings of the Workshop on Unified Theory and Baryon Number in the Universe (KEK, Japan, 1979); M. Gell-Mann, R. Slansky, and P. Ramond, Supergravity (North-Holland, Amsterdam, 1979), p. 346.
85. T. Yanagida, Proceedings of the Workshop on Unified Theory and Baryon Number in the Universe (KEK, Japan, 1979); M. Gell-Mann, R. Slansky, and P. Ramond, Supergravity (North-Holland, Amsterdam, 1979), p. 346.
86. J. Schechter and J. W. F. Valle, Phys. Rev. D 22, 2227 (1980); P. Langacker and D. London, ibid. 38, 907 (1988), and references therein.
87. J. Schechter and J. W. F. Valle, Phys. Rev. D 22, 2227 (1980); P. Langacker and D. London, ibid. 38, 907 (1988), and references therein.
88. E. Nardi, E. Roulet, and D. Tommasini, Phys. Lett. B 344, 225 (1995); C. P. Burgess et al., Phys. Rev. D 49, 6115 (1994); P. Langacker and D. London, ibid. 38, 886 (1988).
89. E. Nardi, E. Roulet, and D. Tommasini, Phys. Lett. B 344, 225 (1995); C. P. Burgess et al., Phys. Rev. D 49, 6115 (1994); P. Langacker and D. London, ibid. 38, 886 (1988).
90. E. Nardi, E. Roulet, and D. Tommasini, Phys. Lett. B 344, 225 (1995); C. P. Burgess et al., Phys. Rev. D 49, 6115 (1994); P. Langacker and D. London, ibid. 38, 886 (1988).
91. S. Pakvasa, hep-ph/9905426.