Should dyspareunia be retained as a sexual dysfunction in DSM-V? A painful classification decision

Archives of Sexual Behavior

Volumn 34, Issue 1, 2005, Pages 11-21

  Binik, Yitzchak M ^a,b  

^a MCGILL UNIVERSITY HEALTH CENTRE   (Canada)

^b MCGILL UNIVERSITY   (Canada)

Author keywords

DSM; dyspareunia; pain disorder; sexual dysfunction

Indexed keywords

ARTICLE; BRAIN MAPPING; CORRELATION ANALYSIS; DIAGNOSTIC AND STATISTICAL MANUAL OF MENTAL DISORDERS; DIAGNOSTIC PROCEDURE; DYSMENORRHEA; DYSPAREUNIA; DYSPEPSIA; EMPIRICISM; FEMALE SEXUAL DYSFUNCTION; HUMAN; INTERNATIONAL CLASSIFICATION OF DISEASES; MEDICAL DECISION MAKING; OUTCOMES RESEARCH; SENSORY DYSFUNCTION; SEX ROLE; SEXUAL BEHAVIOR; SEXUAL INTERCOURSE; SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY;

COITUS; DIAGNOSTIC AND STATISTICAL MANUAL OF MENTAL DISORDERS; DYSPAREUNIA; FEMALE; HUMANS; MALE; PAIN; PAIN MEASUREMENT; RESEARCH DESIGN; SEXUAL DYSFUNCTIONS, PSYCHOLOGICAL; WOMEN'S HEALTH;

EID: 16844382709     PISSN: 00040002     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1007/s10508-005-0998-4     Document Type: Article

References (71)

1. American Psychiatric Association. (1968). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (2nd ed.). Washington, DC: Author.
2. American Psychiatric Association. (1980). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (3rd ed.). Washington, DC: Author.
3. American Psychiatric Association. (1987). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (3rd ed., rev.). Washington, DC: Author.
4. American Psychiatric Association. (1994). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (4th ed.). Washington, DC: Author.
5. American Psychiatric Association. (2000). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (4th ed., text rev.). Washington, D.C.: Author.
6. Barnes R. A (1874). Clinical history of the medical and surgical diseases of women. Philadelphia: Henry C. Lea.
7. Basson, R., & Riley, A. J. (1994). Vulvar vestibulitis syndrome: A common condition which may present as vaginismus. Sexual & Marital Therapy, 9, 221-224.
8. Basson, R., Berman, J., Burnett, A., Derogatis, L., Ferguson, D., Fourcroy, J., et al. (2000). Report of the international consensus development conference on female sexual dysfunction: Definitions and classifications. Journal of Urology, 163, 888-893.
9. Bazin, S., Bouchard, C., Brisson, J., Morin, C., Meisels, A., & Fortier, M. (1994). Vulvar vestibulitis syndrome: An exploratory case-control study. Obstetrics and Gynecology, 83, 47-50.
10. Bergeron, S., Binik, Y. M., Khalifé, S., Pagidas, K., & Glazer, H. (2001a). Reliability and validity of the diagnosis of vulvar vestibulitis syndrome. Obstetrics and Gynecology, 98, 45-51.
11. Bergeron, S., Binik, Y. M., Khalifé, S., Pagidas, K., & Glazer, H. (2001b). A randomized comparison of group cognitive-behavioral therapy, surface electromyographic biofeedback, and vestibulectomy in the treatment of dyspareunia resulting from vulvar vestibulitis. Pain, 91, 297-306.
12. Bergeron, S., Binik, Y. M., & Khalifé, S. (2003). In favor of an integrated pain relief treatment approach for vulvar vestibulitis syndrome. Journal of Psychosomatic Obstetrics and Gynecology, 23, 7-9.
13. Bergeron, S., Brown, C., Lord, M. J., Oala, M., Binik, Y. M., & Khalifé, S. (2002). Physical therapy for vulvar vestibulitis syndrome: A retrospective study. Journal of Sex and Marital Therapy, 28, 183-192.
14. Bergeron, S., & Lord, M. J. (2003). The integration of pelvi-perineal reeducation and cognitive-behavioral therapy in the multidisciplinary treatment of the sexual pain disorders. Sexual and Relationship Therapy, 18, 135-141.
15. Bohm-Starke, N., Hilliges, M., Blomgren, B.O., Falconer, C., & Rylander, E. (2001). Increased blood flow and erythema in the posterior vestibular mucosa in vulvar vestibulitis. Obstetrics and Gynecology, 98, 1067-1074.
16. Bohm-Stark, N., Hilliges, M., Brodda-Jansen, G., Rylander, & Torebjörk, E. (2001). Psychophysical evidence of nociceptor sensitization in vulvar vestibulitis syndrome, Pain, 94, 177-183.
17. Bornstein, J., Livnaat, G., Stolar, Z., & Abramovici, H. (2000). Pure versus complicated vulvar vestibulitis: A randomized trial of fluconazole treatment. Gynecologic and Obstetric Investigation, 50, 194-197.
18. Bouchard, C., Brisson, J., Fortier, M., Morin, C., & Blanchette, C. (2002). Use of oral contraceptives and vulvar vestibulitis: A case-control study. American Journal of Epidemiology, 156, 254-261.
19. Burstein, R., Cutrer, M. F., & Yarnitsky, D. (2000). The development of cutaneous allodynia during a migraine attack: clinical evidence for the sequential recruitment of spinal and supraspinal nociceptive neurons in migraine. Brain, 123, 1703-1709.
20. Burstein, R. D., Yarnitsky, D., Goor-Aryeh, F., Ransil, B. J., & Bajwa Z. H. (2000). An association between migraine and cutaneous allodynia. Annals of Neurology, 47, 614-624.
21. Casey, K. L., & Bushnell, C. (Eds.). (2000). Pain imaging. Seattle, WA: IASP Press.
22. Danielsson, I., Sjöberg, I., & Wikman, M. (2000). Vulvar vestibulitis: Medical, psychosexual and psychosocial aspects, a case-control study. Acta Obstetrica Gynecologica Scandinavica, 79, 872-878.
23. Danielsson, I., Eisemann, M., Sjöberg, I., & Wikman, M. (2001). Vulvar vestibulitis: A multi-factorial condition. British Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology, 108, 456-461.
24. Danielsson, I., Sjöberg, I., & Östman, C. (2001). Acupuncture for the treatment of vulvar vestibulitis: A pilot study. Acta Obstetrica Gynecologica Scandinavica, 80, 437-441.
25. de Kruiff, M. E., ter Kuile, M. M., Weijenborg, P. Th. M., & van Lankveld, J. J. D. M. (2000). Vaginismus and dyspareunia: Is there a difference in clinical presentation? Journal of Psychosomatic Obstetrics & Gynaecology, 21, 149-155.
26. Farrell, M., Gibson, S., McMeeken, J., & Helme, R. (2000) Pain and hyperalgesia in osteoarthritis of the hands. Journal of Rheumatology, 27, 441-447.
27. Friedrich, E. G. (1987). Vulvar vestibulitis syndrome. Journal of Reproductive Medicine, 32, 110-114.
28. Foster, D. C., & Hasday, J. D. (1997). Elevated tissue levels of interleukin-1 beta and tumor necrosis factor-alpha in vulvar vestibulitis. Obstetrics and Gynecology, 89, 291-296.
29. Gerber, S., Bongiovanni, A. M., Ledger, W. J., & Witkin, S. S. (2002). Defective regulation of the proinflammatory immune response in women with vulvar vestibulitis syndrome. American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology, 186, 696-700.
30. Granot, M., Friedman, M., Yarnitsky, D., & Zimmer, E. Z. (2002). Enhancement of the perception of systemic pain in women with vulvar vestibulitis. British Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology, 109, 863-866.
31. Graziottin, A. (2003). Etiology and diagnosis of coital pain. Journal of Endocrinological Investigation, 26, 115-121.
32. Harlow, B. L., & Stewart, E. G. (2003a). A population-based assessment of chronic unexplained vulvar pain: Have we underestimated the prevalence of vulvodynia? Journal of the American Medical Women's Association, 58, 82-88.
33. Harlow, B. L., & Stewart, E. G. (2003b). Childhood victimization and the risk of vulvar dysesthesia. Annals of Epidemiology, 13, 565-566.
34. Harlow, B. L., Wise, L. A., & Stewart, E. G. (2001). Prevalence and predictors of chronic lower genital tract discomfort. American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology, 185, 545-550.
35. Heading, R. C. (1991). Definitions of dyspepsia. Scandinavian Journal of Gastroenterology, 182(Suppl.), 1-6.
36. Heiman, J. R., & Meston, C. M. (1997). Empirically validated treatment for sexual dysfunction. Annual Review of Sex Research, 8, 148-194.
37. Jeremias, J., Ledger, W. J., & Witkin, S. S. (2000). Interleukin 1 receptor antagonist gene polymorphism in women with vulvar vestibulitis. American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology, 182, 283-285.
38. Kandyba, K., & Binik, Y. M. (2003). Hypnotherapy as a treatment for vulvar vestibulitis syndrome: A case report. Journal of Sex and Marital Therapy, 29, 237-242.
39. Karama, S., Lecours, A. R., Leroux, J. M., Bourgoin, P., Beaudoin, G., Joubert, S., et al. (2002). Areas of brain activation in males and females during viewing of erotic film excerpts. Human Brain Mapping, 16, 1-13.
40. Laumann, E. O., Paik, A., & Rosen, R. C. (1999). Sexual dysfunction in the United States. Journal of the American Medical Association, 281, 537-544.
41. Luzzi, G. (2003). Male genital pain disorders. Sexual and Relationship Therapy, 18, 225-235.
42. Maravilla, K., Cao, Y., Heiman, J., Aylward, E., Garland, P., Cordes, D., et al. (October, 2003). Cerebral fMRI activation associated with sexual arousal in women. Poster presented at meeting of the International Society for the Study of Women's Sexual Health (ISSWSH), Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
43. Masters, W. H., & Johnson, V. E. (1970). Humans sexual inadequacy. Boston: Little, Brown.
44. Meana, M., & Binik, Y. M. (1994). Painful coitus: A review of female dyspareunia. Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease, 182, 264-272.
45. Meana, M., Binik, Y. M., Khalifé, S., & Cohen, D. (1997a). Dyspareunia: Sexual dysfunction or pain syndrome? Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease, 185, 561-569.
46. Meana, M., Binik, Y. M., Khalifé, S., & Cohen, D. (1997b). Biopsychosocial profile of women with dyspareunia. Obstetrics and Gynecology, 98, 45-51.
47. Meana, M., Binik, Y. M., Khalifé, S., & Cohen, D. (1999). Psychosocial correlates of pain attributions in women with dyspareunia. Psychosomatics, 40, 497-502.
48. Meana, M., Binik, Y. M., Khalifé, S., Bergeron, S., Pagidas, K., & Berkley, K. J. (1997). Dyspareunia: More than bad sex. Pain, 71, 211-212.
49. Melzack, R., & Katz, J. (1992). The McGill Pain Questionnaire: Appraisal and current status. In D. C. Turk & R. Melzack (Eds.), Handbook of pain assessment (pp. 152-164). New York: Guilford.
50. Merskey, H., & Bogduk, N. (Eds.). (1994). Classification of chronic pain (2nd ed.). Washington, DC: IASP Press.
51. National Institute of Child Health and Development. (2000, February). Pathophysiology, epidemiology and treatment of vulvodynia. Retrieved December, 27, 2003 from http://grants1nih.gov/grants/guide/rfa-files/REA-HD-00-008.html.
52. Njirjesy, P., Sobel, J. D., Weitz, M. V., Leaman, D. J., Small, M. J., & Gelone, S. P. (2001). Cromolyn cream for recalcitrant vulvar vestibulitis: results of a placebo controlled study. Sexually Transmitted Infections, 77, 53-57.
53. Park, K., Kang, H. K., Seo, J. J., Kim, H. J., Ryu, S. B., & Jeong, G. W. (2001). Blood-oxygenation-level-dependent functional magnetic resonance imaging for evaluating cerebral regions of female sexual arousal response. Urology, 57, 1189-1194.
54. Payne, K. A., Binik, Y. M., Amsel, R., & Khalifé, S. (in press). When sex hurts, anxiety and fear orient attention towards pain. European Journal of Pain.
55. Pukall, C. F., Binik, Y. M., Khalifé, S., Amsel, R., & Abbott, F. V. (2002). Vestibular tactile and pain thresholds in women with vulvar vestibulitis syndrome. Pain, 96, 163-175.
56. Pukall, C. F., Binik, Y. M., & Khalifé, S. (2004). A new instrument for pain assessment in vulvar vestibulitis syndrome. Journal of Sex and Marital Therapy, 30, 1-10.
57. Pukall, C. G., Strigo, I. A., Binik, Y. M., Khalifé, S., & Bushnell, C. (2004). Vulvar vestibulitis syndrome is a pain disorder: Evidence from functional magnetic resonance imaging. Manuscript submitted for publication.
58. Reissing, E. D., Binik, Y. M., Khalifé, S., Cohen, D., & Amsel, R. (2004). Vaginal spasm, pain, and behavior: An empirical investigation of the reliability of the diagnosis of vaginismus. Archives of Sexual Behavior, 33, 5-17.
59. Reissing, E. D., Binik, Y. M., Khalifé, S., Cohen, D., & Amsel, R. (2003). Etiological correlates of vaginismus: Sexual and physical abuse, sexual knowledge, sexual self-schema, and relationship adjustment. Journal of Sex and Marital Therapy, 29, 47-59.
60. Romanzi, L. J., Groutz, A., Feroz, F., & Blaivas, G. (2001). Evaluation of female external genitalia sensitivity to pressure/touch: A preliminary prospective study using Semmes-Weinstein monofilaments. Urology, 57, 1145-1150
61. Singer-Kaplan, H. (1983). The evaluation of sexual disorders. New York: Brunner/Mazel.
62. Sullivan, M. J. L. (2003). Introduction: Emerging trends in secondary prevention of back pain disability. The Clinical Journal of Pain, 19, 77-79.
63. Talbot, J. D., Marrett, S., Evans, A. C., Meyer, E., Bushnell, M. C., & Duncan, G. H. (1991). Multiple representations of pain in human cerebral cortex. Science, 251, 1355-1358.
64. van Lankveld, J. J. D. M., Brewaeys, A. M. A., Ter Kuile, M. M., & Weijenborg, P. Th. M. (1995). Difficulties in the differential diagnosis of vaginismus, dyspareunia and mixed sexual pain disorder. Journal of Psychosomatic Obstetrics & Gynaecology, 16, 201-209.
65. van Lankveld, J. J., Weijenborg, P. T., & Ter Kuile, M. M. (1996). Psychologic profiles of and sexual function in women with vulvar vestibulitis and their partners. Obstetrics and Gynecology, 88, 65-69.
66. van den Hout, M., & Barlow, D. (2000). Attention, arousal and expectancies in anxiety and sexual disorders. Journal of Affective Disorders, 61, 241-256.
67. Vardi, Y., Gruenwald, I., Sprecher, E., Gertman, I., & Yarnitsky, D. (2000). Normative values for female genital sensation. Urology, 56, 1035-1040.
68. Weijmar Schultz, W. C. M., Gianotten, W. L., van der Meijden, W. I., van de Wiel, H. B. M., Blindeman, L., Chadha, S., et al. (1996). Behavioral approach with or without surgical intervention to the vulvar vestibulitis syndrome: a prospective randomized and non-randomized study. Journal of Psychosomatic Obstetrics and Gynecology, 17, 143-148.
69. Wesselmann, U., Burnett, A. L., Abramovici, H., & Heinberg, L. J. (1997). The urogenital and rectal pain syndromes. Pain, 73, 269-294.
70. Weström, L. V., & Willén, R. (1998). Vestibular nerve fiber proliferation in vulvar vestibulitis syndrome. Obstetrics and Gynecology, 91, 572-576.
71. World Health Organization (1992). Manual of the international statistical classification of diseases, injuries, and causes of death (10th ed.). Geneva: Author.