Commensurability and strong vortex pinning in nanopatterned Nb films

Physical Review B - Condensed Matter and Materials Physics

Volumn 71, Issue 1, 2005, Pages

  Welp, U ^a   Xiao, Z L ^a,b   Novosad, V ^a   Vlasko Vlasov, V K ^a  

^a ARGONNE NATIONAL LABORATORY   (United States)

^b NORTHERN ILLINOIS UNIVERSITY   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ALUMINUM OXIDE; NIOBIUM;

ARTICLE; IMAGING; MAGNETISM; MEASUREMENT; NANOPARTICLE; QUANTUM MECHANICS; SUPERCONDUCTOR; TEMPERATURE DEPENDENCE; VORTEX MOTION;

EID: 16844371590     PISSN: 10980121     EISSN: 1550235X     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevB.71.014505     Document Type: Article

References (53)

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2. A. T. Fiory, A. F. Hebard, and S. Somekh, Appl. Phys. Lett. 32, 73 (1978); M. Baert, V. V. Metlushko, R. Jonckheere, V. V. Moshchalkov, and Y. Bruynseraede, Phys. Rev. Lett. 74, 3269 (1995); M. Baert, V. V. Metlushko, R. Jonckheere, V. V. Moshchalkov, and Y. Bruynseraede, Europhys. Lett. 29, 157 (1995); V. V. Moshchalkov, M. Baert, V. V. Metlushko, E. Rosseel, M. J. Van Bael, K. Temst, R. Jonckheere, and Y. Bruynseraede, Phys. Rev. B 54, 7385 (1996); ibid. 57, 3615 (1998); E. Rosseel, M. Van Bael, M. Baert, R. Jonckheere, V. V. Moshchalkov, and Y. Bruynseraede, ibid. 53, R2983 (1996); A. Castellanos, R. Woerdenweber, G. Ockenfuss, A. v.d. Hart, and K. Keck, Appl. Phys. Lett. 71, 962 (1997); T. Puig, E. Rosseel, L. Van Look, M. J. Van Bael, V. V. Moshchalkov, and Y. Bruynseraede, and R. Jonckheere, Phys. Rev. B 58, 5744 (1998); V. V. Metlushko, L. E. DeLong, M. Baert, E. Rosseel, M. J. Van Bael, K. Temst, V. V. Moshchalkov, and Y. Bruynseraede, Europhys. Lett. 41, 333 (1998); V. Metlushko, U. Welp, G. W. Crabtree, Z. Zhang, S. R. J. Brueck, B. Ilic, K. Chung, and P. J. Hesketh, Phys. Rev. B 59, 603 (1999); ibid. 60, R12585 (1999); L. Van Look, E. Rosseel, M. J. Van Bael, K. Temst, V. V. Moshchalkov, and Y. Bruynseraede, ibid. 60, R6998 (1999); J. I. Martin, M. Vélez, J. Nogués, and I. K. Schuller, Phys. Rev. Lett. 79, 1929 (1997); ibid. 83, 1022 (1999); D. J. Morgan and J. B. Ketterson, ibid. 80, 3614 (1998); Y. Jaccard, J. I. Martin, M.-C. Cyrille, M. Vélez, J. L. Vicent, and I. K. Schuller Phys. Rev. B 58, 8232 (1998); A. Hoffmann, P. Prieto, and I. K. Schuller, ibid. 61, 6958 (2000); O. M. Stoll, M. I. Montero, J. Guimpel, J. J. Åkerman, and I. K. Schuller, ibid. 65, 104518 (2002); A. V. Silhanek, S. Raedts, M. Lange, and V. V. Moshchalkov, ibid. 67, 064502 (2003).
3. A. T. Fiory, A. F. Hebard, and S. Somekh, Appl. Phys. Lett. 32, 73 (1978); M. Baert, V. V. Metlushko, R. Jonckheere, V. V. Moshchalkov, and Y. Bruynseraede, Phys. Rev. Lett. 74, 3269 (1995); M. Baert, V. V. Metlushko, R. Jonckheere, V. V. Moshchalkov, and Y. Bruynseraede, Europhys. Lett. 29, 157 (1995); V. V. Moshchalkov, M. Baert, V. V. Metlushko, E. Rosseel, M. J. Van Bael, K. Temst, R. Jonckheere, and Y. Bruynseraede, Phys. Rev. B 54, 7385 (1996); ibid. 57, 3615 (1998); E. Rosseel, M. Van Bael, M. Baert, R. Jonckheere, V. V. Moshchalkov, and Y. Bruynseraede, ibid. 53, R2983 (1996); A. Castellanos, R. Woerdenweber, G. Ockenfuss, A. v.d. Hart, and K. Keck, Appl. Phys. Lett. 71, 962 (1997); T. Puig, E. Rosseel, L. Van Look, M. J. Van Bael, V. V. Moshchalkov, and Y. Bruynseraede, and R. Jonckheere, Phys. Rev. B 58, 5744 (1998); V. V. Metlushko, L. E. DeLong, M. Baert, E. Rosseel, M. J. Van Bael, K. Temst, V. V. Moshchalkov, and Y. Bruynseraede, Europhys. Lett. 41, 333 (1998); V. Metlushko, U. Welp, G. W. Crabtree, Z. Zhang, S. R. J. Brueck, B. Ilic, K. Chung, and P. J. Hesketh, Phys. Rev. B 59, 603 (1999); ibid. 60, R12585 (1999); L. Van Look, E. Rosseel, M. J. Van Bael, K. Temst, V. V. Moshchalkov, and Y. Bruynseraede, ibid. 60, R6998 (1999); J. I. Martin, M. Vélez, J. Nogués, and I. K. Schuller, Phys. Rev. Lett. 79, 1929 (1997); ibid. 83, 1022 (1999); D. J. Morgan and J. B. Ketterson, ibid. 80, 3614 (1998); Y. Jaccard, J. I. Martin, M.-C. Cyrille, M. Vélez, J. L. Vicent, and I. K. Schuller Phys. Rev. B 58, 8232 (1998); A. Hoffmann, P. Prieto, and I. K. Schuller, ibid. 61, 6958 (2000); O. M. Stoll, M. I. Montero, J. Guimpel, J. J. Åkerman, and I. K. Schuller, ibid. 65, 104518 (2002); A. V. Silhanek, S. Raedts, M. Lange, and V. V. Moshchalkov, ibid. 67, 064502 (2003).
4. A. T. Fiory, A. F. Hebard, and S. Somekh, Appl. Phys. Lett. 32, 73 (1978); M. Baert, V. V. Metlushko, R. Jonckheere, V. V. Moshchalkov, and Y. Bruynseraede, Phys. Rev. Lett. 74, 3269 (1995); M. Baert, V. V. Metlushko, R. Jonckheere, V. V. Moshchalkov, and Y. Bruynseraede, Europhys. Lett. 29, 157 (1995); V. V. Moshchalkov, M. Baert, V. V. Metlushko, E. Rosseel, M. J. Van Bael, K. Temst, R. Jonckheere, and Y. Bruynseraede, Phys. Rev. B 54, 7385 (1996); ibid. 57, 3615 (1998); E. Rosseel, M. Van Bael, M. Baert, R. Jonckheere, V. V. Moshchalkov, and Y. Bruynseraede, ibid. 53, R2983 (1996); A. Castellanos, R. Woerdenweber, G. Ockenfuss, A. v.d. Hart, and K. Keck, Appl. Phys. Lett. 71, 962 (1997); T. Puig, E. Rosseel, L. Van Look, M. J. Van Bael, V. V. Moshchalkov, and Y. Bruynseraede, and R. Jonckheere, Phys. Rev. B 58, 5744 (1998); V. V. Metlushko, L. E. DeLong, M. Baert, E. Rosseel, M. J. Van Bael, K. Temst, V. V. Moshchalkov, and Y. Bruynseraede, Europhys. Lett. 41, 333 (1998); V. Metlushko, U. Welp, G. W. Crabtree, Z. Zhang, S. R. J. Brueck, B. Ilic, K. Chung, and P. J. Hesketh, Phys. Rev. B 59, 603 (1999); ibid. 60, R12585 (1999); L. Van Look, E. Rosseel, M. J. Van Bael, K. Temst, V. V. Moshchalkov, and Y. Bruynseraede, ibid. 60, R6998 (1999); J. I. Martin, M. Vélez, J. Nogués, and I. K. Schuller, Phys. Rev. Lett. 79, 1929 (1997); ibid. 83, 1022 (1999); D. J. Morgan and J. B. Ketterson, ibid. 80, 3614 (1998); Y. Jaccard, J. I. Martin, M.-C. Cyrille, M. Vélez, J. L. Vicent, and I. K. Schuller Phys. Rev. B 58, 8232 (1998); A. Hoffmann, P. Prieto, and I. K. Schuller, ibid. 61, 6958 (2000); O. M. Stoll, M. I. Montero, J. Guimpel, J. J. Åkerman, and I. K. Schuller, ibid. 65, 104518 (2002); A. V. Silhanek, S. Raedts, M. Lange, and V. V. Moshchalkov, ibid. 67, 064502 (2003).
5. A. T. Fiory, A. F. Hebard, and S. Somekh, Appl. Phys. Lett. 32, 73 (1978); M. Baert, V. V. Metlushko, R. Jonckheere, V. V. Moshchalkov, and Y. Bruynseraede, Phys. Rev. Lett. 74, 3269 (1995); M. Baert, V. V. Metlushko, R. Jonckheere, V. V. Moshchalkov, and Y. Bruynseraede, Europhys. Lett. 29, 157 (1995); V. V. Moshchalkov, M. Baert, V. V. Metlushko, E. Rosseel, M. J. Van Bael, K. Temst, R. Jonckheere, and Y. Bruynseraede, Phys. Rev. B 54, 7385 (1996); ibid. 57, 3615 (1998); E. Rosseel, M. Van Bael, M. Baert, R. Jonckheere, V. V. Moshchalkov, and Y. Bruynseraede, ibid. 53, R2983 (1996); A. Castellanos, R. Woerdenweber, G. Ockenfuss, A. v.d. Hart, and K. Keck, Appl. Phys. Lett. 71, 962 (1997); T. Puig, E. Rosseel, L. Van Look, M. J. Van Bael, V. V. Moshchalkov, and Y. Bruynseraede, and R. Jonckheere, Phys. Rev. B 58, 5744 (1998); V. V. Metlushko, L. E. DeLong, M. Baert, E. Rosseel, M. J. Van Bael, K. Temst, V. V. Moshchalkov, and Y. Bruynseraede, Europhys. Lett. 41, 333 (1998); V. Metlushko, U. Welp, G. W. Crabtree, Z. Zhang, S. R. J. Brueck, B. Ilic, K. Chung, and P. J. Hesketh, Phys. Rev. B 59, 603 (1999); ibid. 60, R12585 (1999); L. Van Look, E. Rosseel, M. J. Van Bael, K. Temst, V. V. Moshchalkov, and Y. Bruynseraede, ibid. 60, R6998 (1999); J. I. Martin, M. Vélez, J. Nogués, and I. K. Schuller, Phys. Rev. Lett. 79, 1929 (1997); ibid. 83, 1022 (1999); D. J. Morgan and J. B. Ketterson, ibid. 80, 3614 (1998); Y. Jaccard, J. I. Martin, M.-C. Cyrille, M. Vélez, J. L. Vicent, and I. K. Schuller Phys. Rev. B 58, 8232 (1998); A. Hoffmann, P. Prieto, and I. K. Schuller, ibid. 61, 6958 (2000); O. M. Stoll, M. I. Montero, J. Guimpel, J. J. Åkerman, and I. K. Schuller, ibid. 65, 104518 (2002); A. V. Silhanek, S. Raedts, M. Lange, and V. V. Moshchalkov, ibid. 67, 064502 (2003).
6. A. T. Fiory, A. F. Hebard, and S. Somekh, Appl. Phys. Lett. 32, 73 (1978); M. Baert, V. V. Metlushko, R. Jonckheere, V. V. Moshchalkov, and Y. Bruynseraede, Phys. Rev. Lett. 74, 3269 (1995); M. Baert, V. V. Metlushko, R. Jonckheere, V. V. Moshchalkov, and Y. Bruynseraede, Europhys. Lett. 29, 157 (1995); V. V. Moshchalkov, M. Baert, V. V. Metlushko, E. Rosseel, M. J. Van Bael, K. Temst, R. Jonckheere, and Y. Bruynseraede, Phys. Rev. B 54, 7385 (1996); ibid. 57, 3615 (1998); E. Rosseel, M. Van Bael, M. Baert, R. Jonckheere, V. V. Moshchalkov, and Y. Bruynseraede, ibid. 53, R2983 (1996); A. Castellanos, R. Woerdenweber, G. Ockenfuss, A. v.d. Hart, and K. Keck, Appl. Phys. Lett. 71, 962 (1997); T. Puig, E. Rosseel, L. Van Look, M. J. Van Bael, V. V. Moshchalkov, and Y. Bruynseraede, and R. Jonckheere, Phys. Rev. B 58, 5744 (1998); V. V. Metlushko, L. E. DeLong, M. Baert, E. Rosseel, M. J. Van Bael, K. Temst, V. V. Moshchalkov, and Y. Bruynseraede, Europhys. Lett. 41, 333 (1998); V. Metlushko, U. Welp, G. W. Crabtree, Z. Zhang, S. R. J. Brueck, B. Ilic, K. Chung, and P. J. Hesketh, Phys. Rev. B 59, 603 (1999); ibid. 60, R12585 (1999); L. Van Look, E. Rosseel, M. J. Van Bael, K. Temst, V. V. Moshchalkov, and Y. Bruynseraede, ibid. 60, R6998 (1999); J. I. Martin, M. Vélez, J. Nogués, and I. K. Schuller, Phys. Rev. Lett. 79, 1929 (1997); ibid. 83, 1022 (1999); D. J. Morgan and J. B. Ketterson, ibid. 80, 3614 (1998); Y. Jaccard, J. I. Martin, M.-C. Cyrille, M. Vélez, J. L. Vicent, and I. K. Schuller Phys. Rev. B 58, 8232 (1998); A. Hoffmann, P. Prieto, and I. K. Schuller, ibid. 61, 6958 (2000); O. M. Stoll, M. I. Montero, J. Guimpel, J. J. Åkerman, and I. K. Schuller, ibid. 65, 104518 (2002); A. V. Silhanek, S. Raedts, M. Lange, and V. V. Moshchalkov, ibid. 67, 064502 (2003).
7. A. T. Fiory, A. F. Hebard, and S. Somekh, Appl. Phys. Lett. 32, 73 (1978); M. Baert, V. V. Metlushko, R. Jonckheere, V. V. Moshchalkov, and Y. Bruynseraede, Phys. Rev. Lett. 74, 3269 (1995); M. Baert, V. V. Metlushko, R. Jonckheere, V. V. Moshchalkov, and Y. Bruynseraede, Europhys. Lett. 29, 157 (1995); V. V. Moshchalkov, M. Baert, V. V. Metlushko, E. Rosseel, M. J. Van Bael, K. Temst, R. Jonckheere, and Y. Bruynseraede, Phys. Rev. B 54, 7385 (1996); ibid. 57, 3615 (1998); E. Rosseel, M. Van Bael, M. Baert, R. Jonckheere, V. V. Moshchalkov, and Y. Bruynseraede, ibid. 53, R2983 (1996); A. Castellanos, R. Woerdenweber, G. Ockenfuss, A. v.d. Hart, and K. Keck, Appl. Phys. Lett. 71, 962 (1997); T. Puig, E. Rosseel, L. Van Look, M. J. Van Bael, V. V. Moshchalkov, and Y. Bruynseraede, and R. Jonckheere, Phys. Rev. B 58, 5744 (1998); V. V. Metlushko, L. E. DeLong, M. Baert, E. Rosseel, M. J. Van Bael, K. Temst, V. V. Moshchalkov, and Y. Bruynseraede, Europhys. Lett. 41, 333 (1998); V. Metlushko, U. Welp, G. W. Crabtree, Z. Zhang, S. R. J. Brueck, B. Ilic, K. Chung, and P. J. Hesketh, Phys. Rev. B 59, 603 (1999); ibid. 60, R12585 (1999); L. Van Look, E. Rosseel, M. J. Van Bael, K. Temst, V. V. Moshchalkov, and Y. Bruynseraede, ibid. 60, R6998 (1999); J. I. Martin, M. Vélez, J. Nogués, and I. K. Schuller, Phys. Rev. Lett. 79, 1929 (1997); ibid. 83, 1022 (1999); D. J. Morgan and J. B. Ketterson, ibid. 80, 3614 (1998); Y. Jaccard, J. I. Martin, M.-C. Cyrille, M. Vélez, J. L. Vicent, and I. K. Schuller Phys. Rev. B 58, 8232 (1998); A. Hoffmann, P. Prieto, and I. K. Schuller, ibid. 61, 6958 (2000); O. M. Stoll, M. I. Montero, J. Guimpel, J. J. Åkerman, and I. K. Schuller, ibid. 65, 104518 (2002); A. V. Silhanek, S. Raedts, M. Lange, and V. V. Moshchalkov, ibid. 67, 064502 (2003).
8. A. T. Fiory, A. F. Hebard, and S. Somekh, Appl. Phys. Lett. 32, 73 (1978); M. Baert, V. V. Metlushko, R. Jonckheere, V. V. Moshchalkov, and Y. Bruynseraede, Phys. Rev. Lett. 74, 3269 (1995); M. Baert, V. V. Metlushko, R. Jonckheere, V. V. Moshchalkov, and Y. Bruynseraede, Europhys. Lett. 29, 157 (1995); V. V. Moshchalkov, M. Baert, V. V. Metlushko, E. Rosseel, M. J. Van Bael, K. Temst, R. Jonckheere, and Y. Bruynseraede, Phys. Rev. B 54, 7385 (1996); ibid. 57, 3615 (1998); E. Rosseel, M. Van Bael, M. Baert, R. Jonckheere, V. V. Moshchalkov, and Y. Bruynseraede, ibid. 53, R2983 (1996); A. Castellanos, R. Woerdenweber, G. Ockenfuss, A. v.d. Hart, and K. Keck, Appl. Phys. Lett. 71, 962 (1997); T. Puig, E. Rosseel, L. Van Look, M. J. Van Bael, V. V. Moshchalkov, and Y. Bruynseraede, and R. Jonckheere, Phys. Rev. B 58, 5744 (1998); V. V. Metlushko, L. E. DeLong, M. Baert, E. Rosseel, M. J. Van Bael, K. Temst, V. V. Moshchalkov, and Y. Bruynseraede, Europhys. Lett. 41, 333 (1998); V. Metlushko, U. Welp, G. W. Crabtree, Z. Zhang, S. R. J. Brueck, B. Ilic, K. Chung, and P. J. Hesketh, Phys. Rev. B 59, 603 (1999); ibid. 60, R12585 (1999); L. Van Look, E. Rosseel, M. J. Van Bael, K. Temst, V. V. Moshchalkov, and Y. Bruynseraede, ibid. 60, R6998 (1999); J. I. Martin, M. Vélez, J. Nogués, and I. K. Schuller, Phys. Rev. Lett. 79, 1929 (1997); ibid. 83, 1022 (1999); D. J. Morgan and J. B. Ketterson, ibid. 80, 3614 (1998); Y. Jaccard, J. I. Martin, M.-C. Cyrille, M. Vélez, J. L. Vicent, and I. K. Schuller Phys. Rev. B 58, 8232 (1998); A. Hoffmann, P. Prieto, and I. K. Schuller, ibid. 61, 6958 (2000); O. M. Stoll, M. I. Montero, J. Guimpel, J. J. Åkerman, and I. K. Schuller, ibid. 65, 104518 (2002); A. V. Silhanek, S. Raedts, M. Lange, and V. V. Moshchalkov, ibid. 67, 064502 (2003).
9. A. T. Fiory, A. F. Hebard, and S. Somekh, Appl. Phys. Lett. 32, 73 (1978); M. Baert, V. V. Metlushko, R. Jonckheere, V. V. Moshchalkov, and Y. Bruynseraede, Phys. Rev. Lett. 74, 3269 (1995); M. Baert, V. V. Metlushko, R. Jonckheere, V. V. Moshchalkov, and Y. Bruynseraede, Europhys. Lett. 29, 157 (1995); V. V. Moshchalkov, M. Baert, V. V. Metlushko, E. Rosseel, M. J. Van Bael, K. Temst, R. Jonckheere, and Y. Bruynseraede, Phys. Rev. B 54, 7385 (1996); ibid. 57, 3615 (1998); E. Rosseel, M. Van Bael, M. Baert, R. Jonckheere, V. V. Moshchalkov, and Y. Bruynseraede, ibid. 53, R2983 (1996); A. Castellanos, R. Woerdenweber, G. Ockenfuss, A. v.d. Hart, and K. Keck, Appl. Phys. Lett. 71, 962 (1997); T. Puig, E. Rosseel, L. Van Look, M. J. Van Bael, V. V. Moshchalkov, and Y. Bruynseraede, and R. Jonckheere, Phys. Rev. B 58, 5744 (1998); V. V. Metlushko, L. E. DeLong, M. Baert, E. Rosseel, M. J. Van Bael, K. Temst, V. V. Moshchalkov, and Y. Bruynseraede, Europhys. Lett. 41, 333 (1998); V. Metlushko, U. Welp, G. W. Crabtree, Z. Zhang, S. R. J. Brueck, B. Ilic, K. Chung, and P. J. Hesketh, Phys. Rev. B 59, 603 (1999); ibid. 60, R12585 (1999); L. Van Look, E. Rosseel, M. J. Van Bael, K. Temst, V. V. Moshchalkov, and Y. Bruynseraede, ibid. 60, R6998 (1999); J. I. Martin, M. Vélez, J. Nogués, and I. K. Schuller, Phys. Rev. Lett. 79, 1929 (1997); ibid. 83, 1022 (1999); D. J. Morgan and J. B. Ketterson, ibid. 80, 3614 (1998); Y. Jaccard, J. I. Martin, M.-C. Cyrille, M. Vélez, J. L. Vicent, and I. K. Schuller Phys. Rev. B 58, 8232 (1998); A. Hoffmann, P. Prieto, and I. K. Schuller, ibid. 61, 6958 (2000); O. M. Stoll, M. I. Montero, J. Guimpel, J. J. Åkerman, and I. K. Schuller, ibid. 65, 104518 (2002); A. V. Silhanek, S. Raedts, M. Lange, and V. V. Moshchalkov, ibid. 67, 064502 (2003).
10. A. T. Fiory, A. F. Hebard, and S. Somekh, Appl. Phys. Lett. 32, 73 (1978); M. Baert, V. V. Metlushko, R. Jonckheere, V. V. Moshchalkov, and Y. Bruynseraede, Phys. Rev. Lett. 74, 3269 (1995); M. Baert, V. V. Metlushko, R. Jonckheere, V. V. Moshchalkov, and Y. Bruynseraede, Europhys. Lett. 29, 157 (1995); V. V. Moshchalkov, M. Baert, V. V. Metlushko, E. Rosseel, M. J. Van Bael, K. Temst, R. Jonckheere, and Y. Bruynseraede, Phys. Rev. B 54, 7385 (1996); ibid. 57, 3615 (1998); E. Rosseel, M. Van Bael, M. Baert, R. Jonckheere, V. V. Moshchalkov, and Y. Bruynseraede, ibid. 53, R2983 (1996); A. Castellanos, R. Woerdenweber, G. Ockenfuss, A. v.d. Hart, and K. Keck, Appl. Phys. Lett. 71, 962 (1997); T. Puig, E. Rosseel, L. Van Look, M. J. Van Bael, V. V. Moshchalkov, and Y. Bruynseraede, and R. Jonckheere, Phys. Rev. B 58, 5744 (1998); V. V. Metlushko, L. E. DeLong, M. Baert, E. Rosseel, M. J. Van Bael, K. Temst, V. V. Moshchalkov, and Y. Bruynseraede, Europhys. Lett. 41, 333 (1998); V. Metlushko, U. Welp, G. W. Crabtree, Z. Zhang, S. R. J. Brueck, B. Ilic, K. Chung, and P. J. Hesketh, Phys. Rev. B 59, 603 (1999); ibid. 60, R12585 (1999); L. Van Look, E. Rosseel, M. J. Van Bael, K. Temst, V. V. Moshchalkov, and Y. Bruynseraede, ibid. 60, R6998 (1999); J. I. Martin, M. Vélez, J. Nogués, and I. K. Schuller, Phys. Rev. Lett. 79, 1929 (1997); ibid. 83, 1022 (1999); D. J. Morgan and J. B. Ketterson, ibid. 80, 3614 (1998); Y. Jaccard, J. I. Martin, M.-C. Cyrille, M. Vélez, J. L. Vicent, and I. K. Schuller Phys. Rev. B 58, 8232 (1998); A. Hoffmann, P. Prieto, and I. K. Schuller, ibid. 61, 6958 (2000); O. M. Stoll, M. I. Montero, J. Guimpel, J. J. Åkerman, and I. K. Schuller, ibid. 65, 104518 (2002); A. V. Silhanek, S. Raedts, M. Lange, and V. V. Moshchalkov, ibid. 67, 064502 (2003).
11. A. T. Fiory, A. F. Hebard, and S. Somekh, Appl. Phys. Lett. 32, 73 (1978); M. Baert, V. V. Metlushko, R. Jonckheere, V. V. Moshchalkov, and Y. Bruynseraede, Phys. Rev. Lett. 74, 3269 (1995); M. Baert, V. V. Metlushko, R. Jonckheere, V. V. Moshchalkov, and Y. Bruynseraede, Europhys. Lett. 29, 157 (1995); V. V. Moshchalkov, M. Baert, V. V. Metlushko, E. Rosseel, M. J. Van Bael, K. Temst, R. Jonckheere, and Y. Bruynseraede, Phys. Rev. B 54, 7385 (1996); ibid. 57, 3615 (1998); E. Rosseel, M. Van Bael, M. Baert, R. Jonckheere, V. V. Moshchalkov, and Y. Bruynseraede, ibid. 53, R2983 (1996); A. Castellanos, R. Woerdenweber, G. Ockenfuss, A. v.d. Hart, and K. Keck, Appl. Phys. Lett. 71, 962 (1997); T. Puig, E. Rosseel, L. Van Look, M. J. Van Bael, V. V. Moshchalkov, and Y. Bruynseraede, and R. Jonckheere, Phys. Rev. B 58, 5744 (1998); V. V. Metlushko, L. E. DeLong, M. Baert, E. Rosseel, M. J. Van Bael, K. Temst, V. V. Moshchalkov, and Y. Bruynseraede, Europhys. Lett. 41, 333 (1998); V. Metlushko, U. Welp, G. W. Crabtree, Z. Zhang, S. R. J. Brueck, B. Ilic, K. Chung, and P. J. Hesketh, Phys. Rev. B 59, 603 (1999); ibid. 60, R12585 (1999); L. Van Look, E. Rosseel, M. J. Van Bael, K. Temst, V. V. Moshchalkov, and Y. Bruynseraede, ibid. 60, R6998 (1999); J. I. Martin, M. Vélez, J. Nogués, and I. K. Schuller, Phys. Rev. Lett. 79, 1929 (1997); ibid. 83, 1022 (1999); D. J. Morgan and J. B. Ketterson, ibid. 80, 3614 (1998); Y. Jaccard, J. I. Martin, M.-C. Cyrille, M. Vélez, J. L. Vicent, and I. K. Schuller Phys. Rev. B 58, 8232 (1998); A. Hoffmann, P. Prieto, and I. K. Schuller, ibid. 61, 6958 (2000); O. M. Stoll, M. I. Montero, J. Guimpel, J. J. Åkerman, and I. K. Schuller, ibid. 65, 104518 (2002); A. V. Silhanek, S. Raedts, M. Lange, and V. V. Moshchalkov, ibid. 67, 064502 (2003).
12. A. T. Fiory, A. F. Hebard, and S. Somekh, Appl. Phys. Lett. 32, 73 (1978); M. Baert, V. V. Metlushko, R. Jonckheere, V. V. Moshchalkov, and Y. Bruynseraede, Phys. Rev. Lett. 74, 3269 (1995); M. Baert, V. V. Metlushko, R. Jonckheere, V. V. Moshchalkov, and Y. Bruynseraede, Europhys. Lett. 29, 157 (1995); V. V. Moshchalkov, M. Baert, V. V. Metlushko, E. Rosseel, M. J. Van Bael, K. Temst, R. Jonckheere, and Y. Bruynseraede, Phys. Rev. B 54, 7385 (1996); ibid. 57, 3615 (1998); E. Rosseel, M. Van Bael, M. Baert, R. Jonckheere, V. V. Moshchalkov, and Y. Bruynseraede, ibid. 53, R2983 (1996); A. Castellanos, R. Woerdenweber, G. Ockenfuss, A. v.d. Hart, and K. Keck, Appl. Phys. Lett. 71, 962 (1997); T. Puig, E. Rosseel, L. Van Look, M. J. Van Bael, V. V. Moshchalkov, and Y. Bruynseraede, and R. Jonckheere, Phys. Rev. B 58, 5744 (1998); V. V. Metlushko, L. E. DeLong, M. Baert, E. Rosseel, M. J. Van Bael, K. Temst, V. V. Moshchalkov, and Y. Bruynseraede, Europhys. Lett. 41, 333 (1998); V. Metlushko, U. Welp, G. W. Crabtree, Z. Zhang, S. R. J. Brueck, B. Ilic, K. Chung, and P. J. Hesketh, Phys. Rev. B 59, 603 (1999); ibid. 60, R12585 (1999); L. Van Look, E. Rosseel, M. J. Van Bael, K. Temst, V. V. Moshchalkov, and Y. Bruynseraede, ibid. 60, R6998 (1999); J. I. Martin, M. Vélez, J. Nogués, and I. K. Schuller, Phys. Rev. Lett. 79, 1929 (1997); ibid. 83, 1022 (1999); D. J. Morgan and J. B. Ketterson, ibid. 80, 3614 (1998); Y. Jaccard, J. I. Martin, M.-C. Cyrille, M. Vélez, J. L. Vicent, and I. K. Schuller Phys. Rev. B 58, 8232 (1998); A. Hoffmann, P. Prieto, and I. K. Schuller, ibid. 61, 6958 (2000); O. M. Stoll, M. I. Montero, J. Guimpel, J. J. Åkerman, and I. K. Schuller, ibid. 65, 104518 (2002); A. V. Silhanek, S. Raedts, M. Lange, and V. V. Moshchalkov, ibid. 67, 064502 (2003).
13. A. T. Fiory, A. F. Hebard, and S. Somekh, Appl. Phys. Lett. 32, 73 (1978); M. Baert, V. V. Metlushko, R. Jonckheere, V. V. Moshchalkov, and Y. Bruynseraede, Phys. Rev. Lett. 74, 3269 (1995); M. Baert, V. V. Metlushko, R. Jonckheere, V. V. Moshchalkov, and Y. Bruynseraede, Europhys. Lett. 29, 157 (1995); V. V. Moshchalkov, M. Baert, V. V. Metlushko, E. Rosseel, M. J. Van Bael, K. Temst, R. Jonckheere, and Y. Bruynseraede, Phys. Rev. B 54, 7385 (1996); ibid. 57, 3615 (1998); E. Rosseel, M. Van Bael, M. Baert, R. Jonckheere, V. V. Moshchalkov, and Y. Bruynseraede, ibid. 53, R2983 (1996); A. Castellanos, R. Woerdenweber, G. Ockenfuss, A. v.d. Hart, and K. Keck, Appl. Phys. Lett. 71, 962 (1997); T. Puig, E. Rosseel, L. Van Look, M. J. Van Bael, V. V. Moshchalkov, and Y. Bruynseraede, and R. Jonckheere, Phys. Rev. B 58, 5744 (1998); V. V. Metlushko, L. E. DeLong, M. Baert, E. Rosseel, M. J. Van Bael, K. Temst, V. V. Moshchalkov, and Y. Bruynseraede, Europhys. Lett. 41, 333 (1998); V. Metlushko, U. Welp, G. W. Crabtree, Z. Zhang, S. R. J. Brueck, B. Ilic, K. Chung, and P. J. Hesketh, Phys. Rev. B 59, 603 (1999); ibid. 60, R12585 (1999); L. Van Look, E. Rosseel, M. J. Van Bael, K. Temst, V. V. Moshchalkov, and Y. Bruynseraede, ibid. 60, R6998 (1999); J. I. Martin, M. Vélez, J. Nogués, and I. K. Schuller, Phys. Rev. Lett. 79, 1929 (1997); ibid. 83, 1022 (1999); D. J. Morgan and J. B. Ketterson, ibid. 80, 3614 (1998); Y. Jaccard, J. I. Martin, M.-C. Cyrille, M. Vélez, J. L. Vicent, and I. K. Schuller Phys. Rev. B 58, 8232 (1998); A. Hoffmann, P. Prieto, and I. K. Schuller, ibid. 61, 6958 (2000); O. M. Stoll, M. I. Montero, J. Guimpel, J. J. Åkerman, and I. K. Schuller, ibid. 65, 104518 (2002); A. V. Silhanek, S. Raedts, M. Lange, and V. V. Moshchalkov, ibid. 67, 064502 (2003).
14. A. T. Fiory, A. F. Hebard, and S. Somekh, Appl. Phys. Lett. 32, 73 (1978); M. Baert, V. V. Metlushko, R. Jonckheere, V. V. Moshchalkov, and Y. Bruynseraede, Phys. Rev. Lett. 74, 3269 (1995); M. Baert, V. V. Metlushko, R. Jonckheere, V. V. Moshchalkov, and Y. Bruynseraede, Europhys. Lett. 29, 157 (1995); V. V. Moshchalkov, M. Baert, V. V. Metlushko, E. Rosseel, M. J. Van Bael, K. Temst, R. Jonckheere, and Y. Bruynseraede, Phys. Rev. B 54, 7385 (1996); ibid. 57, 3615 (1998); E. Rosseel, M. Van Bael, M. Baert, R. Jonckheere, V. V. Moshchalkov, and Y. Bruynseraede, ibid. 53, R2983 (1996); A. Castellanos, R. Woerdenweber, G. Ockenfuss, A. v.d. Hart, and K. Keck, Appl. Phys. Lett. 71, 962 (1997); T. Puig, E. Rosseel, L. Van Look, M. J. Van Bael, V. V. Moshchalkov, and Y. Bruynseraede, and R. Jonckheere, Phys. Rev. B 58, 5744 (1998); V. V. Metlushko, L. E. DeLong, M. Baert, E. Rosseel, M. J. Van Bael, K. Temst, V. V. Moshchalkov, and Y. Bruynseraede, Europhys. Lett. 41, 333 (1998); V. Metlushko, U. Welp, G. W. Crabtree, Z. Zhang, S. R. J. Brueck, B. Ilic, K. Chung, and P. J. Hesketh, Phys. Rev. B 59, 603 (1999); ibid. 60, R12585 (1999); L. Van Look, E. Rosseel, M. J. Van Bael, K. Temst, V. V. Moshchalkov, and Y. Bruynseraede, ibid. 60, R6998 (1999); J. I. Martin, M. Vélez, J. Nogués, and I. K. Schuller, Phys. Rev. Lett. 79, 1929 (1997); ibid. 83, 1022 (1999); D. J. Morgan and J. B. Ketterson, ibid. 80, 3614 (1998); Y. Jaccard, J. I. Martin, M.-C. Cyrille, M. Vélez, J. L. Vicent, and I. K. Schuller Phys. Rev. B 58, 8232 (1998); A. Hoffmann, P. Prieto, and I. K. Schuller, ibid. 61, 6958 (2000); O. M. Stoll, M. I. Montero, J. Guimpel, J. J. Åkerman, and I. K. Schuller, ibid. 65, 104518 (2002); A. V. Silhanek, S. Raedts, M. Lange, and V. V. Moshchalkov, ibid. 67, 064502 (2003).
15. A. T. Fiory, A. F. Hebard, and S. Somekh, Appl. Phys. Lett. 32, 73 (1978); M. Baert, V. V. Metlushko, R. Jonckheere, V. V. Moshchalkov, and Y. Bruynseraede, Phys. Rev. Lett. 74, 3269 (1995); M. Baert, V. V. Metlushko, R. Jonckheere, V. V. Moshchalkov, and Y. Bruynseraede, Europhys. Lett. 29, 157 (1995); V. V. Moshchalkov, M. Baert, V. V. Metlushko, E. Rosseel, M. J. Van Bael, K. Temst, R. Jonckheere, and Y. Bruynseraede, Phys. Rev. B 54, 7385 (1996); ibid. 57, 3615 (1998); E. Rosseel, M. Van Bael, M. Baert, R. Jonckheere, V. V. Moshchalkov, and Y. Bruynseraede, ibid. 53, R2983 (1996); A. Castellanos, R. Woerdenweber, G. Ockenfuss, A. v.d. Hart, and K. Keck, Appl. Phys. Lett. 71, 962 (1997); T. Puig, E. Rosseel, L. Van Look, M. J. Van Bael, V. V. Moshchalkov, and Y. Bruynseraede, and R. Jonckheere, Phys. Rev. B 58, 5744 (1998); V. V. Metlushko, L. E. DeLong, M. Baert, E. Rosseel, M. J. Van Bael, K. Temst, V. V. Moshchalkov, and Y. Bruynseraede, Europhys. Lett. 41, 333 (1998); V. Metlushko, U. Welp, G. W. Crabtree, Z. Zhang, S. R. J. Brueck, B. Ilic, K. Chung, and P. J. Hesketh, Phys. Rev. B 59, 603 (1999); ibid. 60, R12585 (1999); L. Van Look, E. Rosseel, M. J. Van Bael, K. Temst, V. V. Moshchalkov, and Y. Bruynseraede, ibid. 60, R6998 (1999); J. I. Martin, M. Vélez, J. Nogués, and I. K. Schuller, Phys. Rev. Lett. 79, 1929 (1997); ibid. 83, 1022 (1999); D. J. Morgan and J. B. Ketterson, ibid. 80, 3614 (1998); Y. Jaccard, J. I. Martin, M.-C. Cyrille, M. Vélez, J. L. Vicent, and I. K. Schuller Phys. Rev. B 58, 8232 (1998); A. Hoffmann, P. Prieto, and I. K. Schuller, ibid. 61, 6958 (2000); O. M. Stoll, M. I. Montero, J. Guimpel, J. J. Åkerman, and I. K. Schuller, ibid. 65, 104518 (2002); A. V. Silhanek, S. Raedts, M. Lange, and V. V. Moshchalkov, ibid. 67, 064502 (2003).
16. A. T. Fiory, A. F. Hebard, and S. Somekh, Appl. Phys. Lett. 32, 73 (1978); M. Baert, V. V. Metlushko, R. Jonckheere, V. V. Moshchalkov, and Y. Bruynseraede, Phys. Rev. Lett. 74, 3269 (1995); M. Baert, V. V. Metlushko, R. Jonckheere, V. V. Moshchalkov, and Y. Bruynseraede, Europhys. Lett. 29, 157 (1995); V. V. Moshchalkov, M. Baert, V. V. Metlushko, E. Rosseel, M. J. Van Bael, K. Temst, R. Jonckheere, and Y. Bruynseraede, Phys. Rev. B 54, 7385 (1996); ibid. 57, 3615 (1998); E. Rosseel, M. Van Bael, M. Baert, R. Jonckheere, V. V. Moshchalkov, and Y. Bruynseraede, ibid. 53, R2983 (1996); A. Castellanos, R. Woerdenweber, G. Ockenfuss, A. v.d. Hart, and K. Keck, Appl. Phys. Lett. 71, 962 (1997); T. Puig, E. Rosseel, L. Van Look, M. J. Van Bael, V. V. Moshchalkov, and Y. Bruynseraede, and R. Jonckheere, Phys. Rev. B 58, 5744 (1998); V. V. Metlushko, L. E. DeLong, M. Baert, E. Rosseel, M. J. Van Bael, K. Temst, V. V. Moshchalkov, and Y. Bruynseraede, Europhys. Lett. 41, 333 (1998); V. Metlushko, U. Welp, G. W. Crabtree, Z. Zhang, S. R. J. Brueck, B. Ilic, K. Chung, and P. J. Hesketh, Phys. Rev. B 59, 603 (1999); ibid. 60, R12585 (1999); L. Van Look, E. Rosseel, M. J. Van Bael, K. Temst, V. V. Moshchalkov, and Y. Bruynseraede, ibid. 60, R6998 (1999); J. I. Martin, M. Vélez, J. Nogués, and I. K. Schuller, Phys. Rev. Lett. 79, 1929 (1997); ibid. 83, 1022 (1999); D. J. Morgan and J. B. Ketterson, ibid. 80, 3614 (1998); Y. Jaccard, J. I. Martin, M.-C. Cyrille, M. Vélez, J. L. Vicent, and I. K. Schuller Phys. Rev. B 58, 8232 (1998); A. Hoffmann, P. Prieto, and I. K. Schuller, ibid. 61, 6958 (2000); O. M. Stoll, M. I. Montero, J. Guimpel, J. J. Åkerman, and I. K. Schuller, ibid. 65, 104518 (2002); A. V. Silhanek, S. Raedts, M. Lange, and V. V. Moshchalkov, ibid. 67, 064502 (2003).
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