Adaptation of dry nephelometer measurements to ambient conditions at the Jungfraujoch

Environmental Science and Technology

Volumn 39, Issue 7, 2005, Pages 2219-2228

  Nessler, Remo ^a,b   Weingartner, Ernest ^a   Baltensperger, Urs ^a  

^a PAUL SCHERRER INSTITUTE   (Switzerland)

^b EPFL   (Switzerland)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

AEROSOLS; ERROR ANALYSIS; SCATTERING; TROPOSPHERE;

AEROSOL MODEL; AVERAGE PARTICLE SIZE; NEPHELOMETER; PARAMETERIZATION;

ATMOSPHERIC HUMIDITY;

AEROSOL; CHEMICAL COMPOSITION; HUMIDITY; MEASUREMENT METHOD; PARTICLE SIZE; SCATTERING;

ADAPTATION; AEROSOL; ARTICLE; CHEMICAL COMPOSITION; HUMIDITY; NEPHELOMETRY; PARTICLE SIZE; SUMMER; TROPOSPHERE; WETTABILITY; WINTER;

ATMOSPHERE; HUMIDITY; MODELS, CHEMICAL; PARTICLE SIZE; SCATTERING, RADIATION; SEASONS; SWITZERLAND;

BERN [SWITZERLAND]; CENTRAL EUROPE; EASTERN HEMISPHERE; EURASIA; EUROPE; JUNGFRAUJOCH; SWITZERLAND; WORLD;

EID: 16844371072     PISSN: 0013936X     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1021/es035450g     Document Type: Article

References (58)

1. Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC). Climate change 2001. The Scientific Basis; Cambridge University Press: New York, 2001.
2. Nessler, R.; Weingartner, E.; Baltensperger, U. Effect of humidity on aerosol light absorption and its implications for extinction and the single scattering albedo illustrated for a remote continental site. J. Aerosol Sci. 2005, DOI: 10.1016/j.aerosci.2004.11.012, in press.
3. Committee on the Science of Climate Change, National Research Council. Climate Change Science: An Analysis of Some Key Questions; National Academy of Sciences: Washington, DC, 2001.
4. Ramanathan, V.; Crutzen, P. J.; Kiehl, J. T.; Rosenfeld, D. Aerosols, climate, and the hydrological cycle. Science 2001, 294, 2119-2124.
5. Haywood, J. M.; Shine, K. P. The effect of anthropogenic sulfate and soot aerosol on the clear-sky planetary radiation budget. Geophys. Res. Lett. 1995, 22, 603-606.
6. WMO. Strategy for the implementation of the Global Atmosphere Watch Programme (2001-2007); Technical Report 142; World Meteorological Organization: Geneva, 2001.
7. Nyeki, S.; Baltensperger, U.; Colbeck, I.; Jost, D. T.; Weingartner, E.; Gäggeler, H. W. The Jungfraujoch High-Alpine Research Station (3454 m) as a background clean continental site for the measurement of aerosol parameters. J. Geophys. Res. 1998, 103, 6097-6107.
8. Anderson, T. L.; Covert, D. S.; Marshall, S. F.; Laucks, M. L.; Charlson, R. J.; Waggoner, A. P.; Ogren, J. A.; Caldow, R.; Holm, R. L.; Quant, F. R.; Sem, G. J.; Wiedensohler, A.; Ahlquist, N. A.; Bates, T. S. Performance characteristics of a high-sensitivity, three-wavelength, total scatter/backscatter nephelometer. J. Atmos. Ocean. Technol. 1996, 13, 967-986.
9. Nessler, R.; Bukowiecki, N.; Henning, S.; Weingartner, E.; Calpini, B.; Baltensperger, U. Simultaneous dry and ambient measurements of aerosol size distributions at the Jungfraujoch. Tellus 2003, 55B, 808-819.
10. Anderson, T. L.; Ogren, J. A. Determining aerosol radiative properties using the TSI3563 integrating nephelometer. Aerosol Sci. Technol. 1998, 29, 57-69.
11. Weingartner, E.; Gysel, M.; Baltensperger, U. Hygroscopicity of aerosol particles at low temperatures. 1. New low-temperature H-TDMA instrument: setup and first applications. Environ. Sci. Technol. 2002, 36, 55-62.
12. Kotchenruther, R. A.; Hobbs, P. V. Humidification factors of aerosols from biomass burning in Brazil. J. Geophys. Res. 1998, 103, 32081-32089.
13. Sheridan, P. J.; Delene, D. J.; Ogren, J. A. Four years of continuous surface aerosol measurements from the Department of Energy's Atmospheric Radiation Measurement Program Southern Great Plains Cloud and Radiation Testbed site. J. Geophys. Res. 2001, 106, 20735-20747.
14. Eldering, A.; Ogren, J. A.; Chowdhury, Z.; Hughes, L. S.; Cass, G. R. Aerosol optical properties during INDOEX based on measured aerosol particle size and composition. J. Geophys. Res., 2002, 107. DOI: 10.1029/2001JD001572.
15. Weingartner, E.; Gysel, M.; Corrigan, C.; Baltensperger, U. Hygroscopic growth of aerosol particles at the high alpine site Jungraujoch (3580 m asl). In European Aerosol Conference, Vol. 1; Kasper, G., Davis, E. J., Eds.; Elsevier: Madrid, 2003; pp 11-12.
16. Swietlicki, E.; Zhou, J. C.; Covert, D. S.; Hameri, K.; Busch, B.; Vakeva, M.; Dusek, U.; Berg, O. H.; Wiedensohler, A.; Aalto, P.; Makela, J.; Martinsson, B. G.; Papaspiropoulos, G.; Mentes, B.; Frank, G.; Stratmann, F. Hygroscopic properties of aerosol particles in the north-eastern Atlantic during ACE-2. Tellus 2000, 52B, 201-227.
17. Peng, C.; Chan, M.; Chan, C. The hygroscopic properties of dicarboxylic and multifunctional acids: measurements and UNIFAC predictions. Environ. Sci. Technol. 2001, 35, 4495-4501.
18. Gysel, M.; Weingartner, E.; Nyeki, S.; Paulsen, D.; Baltensperger, U.; Galambos, I.; Kiss, G. Hygroscopic properties of water-soluble matter and humic-like organics in atmospheric fine aerosol. Atmos. Chem. Phys. 2004, 4, 35-50.
19. Zdanovskii, A. New methods of calculating solubilities of electrolytes in multicomponent systems. Zh. Fiz. Khim. 1948, 22, 1475-1485.
20. Stokes, R. H.; Robinson, R. A. Interactions in aqueous non-electrolyte solutions. I. Solute-solvent equilibria. J. Phys. Chem. 1966, 70, 2126-2131.
21. Cruz, C.; Pandis, S. Deliquescence and hygroscopic growth of mixed inorganic-organic atmospheric aerosol. Environ. Sci. Technol. 2000, 34, 4313-4319.
22. Chan, M.; Chan, C. Hygroscopic properties of two model humic-like substances and their mixtures with inorganics of atmospheric importance. Environ. Sci. Technol. 2003, 37, 5109-5115. DOI: 10.1021/es034272o.
23. 2O at 298.15 K. J. Phys. Chem. 1998, 102, 2A, 2155-2171.
24. Sloane, C. Optical properties of aerosols of mixed composition. Atmos. Environ. 1984, 18, 871-878.
25. Streit, N.; Weingartner, E.; Zellweger, C.; Schwikowski, M.; Gäggeler, H. W.; Baltensperger, U. Characterization of size-fractionated aerosol from the Jungfraujoch (3580 m asl) using total reflection X-ray fluorescence (TXRF). Int. J. Environ. Anal. Chem. 2000, 76, 1-16.
26. Nyeki, S.; Li, F.; Weingartner, E.; Streit, N.; Colbeck, I.; Gäggeler, H.; Baltensperger, U. The background aerosol size distribution in the free troposphere: an analysis of the annual cycle at a high-alpine site. J. Geophys. Res. 1998, 103, 31749-31761.
27. Weingartner, E.; Nyeki, S.; Baltensperger, U. Seasonal and diurnal variation of aerosol size distributions (10 < D < 750 nm) at a high-alpine site (Jungfraujoch 3580 m asl). J. Geophys. Res. 1999, 104, 26809-26820.
28. Krivácsy, Z.; Gelencsér, A.; Kiss, G.; Mészá ros, E.; Molnár, A.; Hoffer, A.; Mészáros, T.; Sárvári, Z.; Temesi, D.; Varga, B.; Baltensperger, U.; Nyeki, S.; Weingartner, E. Study on the chemical character of water soluble organic compounds in fine atmospheric aerosol at the Jungfraujoch. J. Atmos. Chem. 2001, 39, 235-259.
29. Henning, S.; Weingartner, E.; Schwikowski, M.; Gäggeler, H. W.; Gehrig, R.; Hinz, K.-P.; Trimborn, A.; Spengler, B.; Baltensperger, U. Seasonal variation of water-soluble ions of the aerosol at the high-alpine site Jungfraujoch (3580 m asl). J. Geophys. Res. 2003, 108, 4030, DOI: 10.1029/2002JD002439.
30. Shettle, E. P.; Fenn, R. W. Models for the Aerosols of the Lower Atmosphere and the Effects of Humidity Variations on Their Optical Properties; Technical Report 676; AFGL-TR-79-0214; U.S. Air Force Geophysics Laboratory; Hanscom Air Force Base: MA 01731, 1979.
31. Mie, G. Beiträge zur Optik trüber Medien, speziell kolloidaler Metallösungen. Ann Phys. 1908, 25, 377-445.
32. Lorenz, L. Lysbevaegelsen i og uden for en af plane Lysbolger belyst Kugle. Videnskab. Selskab. Skrifter 1890, 6, 1-62.
33. Lorenz, L. Sur la lumière réfléchie et réfractée par une sphère (surface) transparente. In Oeuvres Scientifiques de L. Lorenz. Revues et annotees par H. Valentiner, Vol. 1; Librairie Lehmann et Stage: Copenhagen, 1898.
34. Debye, P. Der Lichtdruck auf Kugeln von beliebigem Material. Ann. Phys. 1909, 30, 57-136.
35. Aden, A.; Kerker, M. Scattering of electromagnetic waves from two concentric spheres. J. Appl. Phys. 1951, 22, 1242-1246.
36. van de Hulst, H. C. Light Scattering by Small Particles; Dover Publications: New York, 1981.
37. Bohren, C. F.; Human, D. R. Absorption and Scattering of Light by Small Particles; John Wiley & Sons: New York, 1998.
38. Heintzenberg, J. Angular calibration of total scatter-backscatter nephelometer, consequences and applications. Staub Reinhalt. Luft 1978, 38, 62-63.
39. Chylek, P.; Srivastava, V. Dielectric-constant of a composite inhomogeneous-medium. Phys. Rev. 1983, 27B, 5098-5106.
40. Bundke, U.; Hänel, G.; Horvath, H.; Kaller, W.; Seidl, S.; Wex, H.; Wiedensohler, A.; Wiegner, H.; Freudenthaler, V. Aerosol optical properties during the Lindenberg Aerosol Characterization Experiment (LACE 98). J. Geophys. Res. 2002, 107, 8123, DOI: 10.1029/2000JD000188.
41. Horvath, H. Influence of atmospheric aerosols upon the global radiation balance. In Atmospheric Particles, Vol. 5; Harrison, R., van Grieken, R., Eds.; John Wiley & Sons: New York, 1998; pp 62-63.
42. Seinfeld, J. H.; Pandis, S. N. Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics. From Air Pollution to Climate Change; John Wiley & Sons: New York, 1998.
43. Ångström, A. On the atmospheric transmission of sun radiation and on dust in the air. Geogr. Ann. 1929, 11, 156-166.
44. Heintzenberg, J.; Charlson, R. J. Design and applications of the integrating nephelometer: a review. J. Atmos. Ocean. Technol. 1996, 13, 987-1000.
45. Collaud Coen, M.; Weingartner, E.; Schaub, D.; Hueglin, C.; Corrigan, C.; Schwikowski, M.; Baltensperger, U. Saharan dust events at the Jungfraujoch: detection by wavelength dependence of the single scattering albedo and analysis of the events during the years 2001 and 2002. Atmos. Chem. Phys. Dis. 2003, 3, 5547-5594.
46. Lide, D., Ed.; Handbook of Chemistry and Physics, 83rd ed.; CRC Press: New York, 2002.
47. Dunn, P.; Ferraiolo, J.; Fleischer, M.; Gobel, V.; Grice, J.; Langley, R.; Shigley, J.; Vanko, D.; Zilczer, J. New mineral names. Am. Mineral. 1985, 70, 1329-1335.
48. Dick, W.; Saxena, P.; McMurry, P. Estimation of water uptake by organic compounds in submicron aerosols measured during the Southeastern Aerosol and Visibility Study. J. Geophys. Res. 2000, 105, 1471-1479.
49. Saxena, P.; Hildemann, L.; McMurry, P.; Seinfeld, J. Organics alter hygroscopic behavior of atmospheric particles. J. Geophys. Res. 1995, 100, 18755-18770.
50. Hess, M.; Koepke, P.; Schult, I. Optical properties of aerosols and clouds: the software package OPAC. Bull. Am. Meteorol. Soc. 1998, 79, 831-844.
51. Toon, O.; Pollack, J.; Khare, B. Optical constants of several atmospheric aerosol species: ammonium-sulfate, aluminum-oxide, and sodium-chloride. J. Geophys. Res. 1976, 81, 5733-5748.
52. Foshag, W. New mineral names. Am. Mineral. 1933, 18, 179-180.
53. Weast, R., Ed.; Handbook of Chemistry and Physics, 55th ed.; CRC Press: Cleveland, OH, 1974.
54. Schmid, B.; Livingston, J. M.; Russell, P. B.; Durkee, P. A.; Jonsson, H. H.; Collins, D. R.; Flagan, R. C.; Seinfeld, J. H.; Gasso, S.; Hegg, D. A.; Ostrom, E.; Noone, K. J.; Welton, E. J.; Voss, K. J.; Gordon, H. R.; Formenti, P.; Andreae, M. O. Clear-sky closure studies of lower tropospheric aerosol and water vapor during ACE-2 using airborne sunphotometer, airborne in-situ, space-borne, and ground-based measurements. Tellus 2000, 52B, 568-593.
55. Twitty, J.; Weinman, J. Radiative properties of carbonaceous aerosols. J. Appl. Meteorol. 1971, 10, 725-731.
56. Levoni, C.; Cervino, M.; Guzzi, R.; Torricella, F. Atmospheric aerosol optical properties: a database of radiative characteristics for different components and classes. Appl Opt. 1997, 36, 8031-8041.
57. Schult, I.; Feichter, J.; Cooke, W. Effect of black carbon and sulfate aerosols on the global radiation budget. J. Geophys, Res. 1997, 102, 30107-30117.
58. Lesins, G.; Chylek, P.; Lohmann, U. A study of internal and external mixing scenarios and its effect on aerosol optical properties and direct radiative forcing. J. Geophys. Res. 2002, 107, 4094, DOI: 10.1029/2001JD000973.