Field evaluation of latex agglutination test for detecting urinary antigens in visceral leishmaniasis in Sudan

Eastern Mediterranean Health Journal

Volumn 9, Issue 4, 2003, Pages 844-855

  El Safi, S H ^a   Abdel Haleem, A ^b   Hammad, A ^a   El Basha, I ^b   Omer, A ^a   Kareem, H G ^b   Boelaert, M ^c   Chance, M ^d   Hommel, M ^d  

^a UNIVERSITY OF KHARTOUM   (Sudan)

^b UNIVERSITY OF KHARTOUM   (Sudan)

^c INSTITUTE OF TROPICAL MEDICINE   (Belgium)

^d LIVERPOOL SCHOOL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

PARASITE ANTIGEN; STIBOGLUCONATE SODIUM;

ADOLESCENT; ADULT; ARTICLE; BLOOD SAMPLING; CHILD; CONTROLLED STUDY; CROSS REACTION; DIAGNOSTIC ACCURACY; ENDEMIC DISEASE; ENZYME LINKED IMMUNOSORBENT ASSAY; FEMALE; FOLLOW UP; HUMAN; HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS INFECTION; IMMUNOBLOTTING; LATEX AGGLUTINATION TEST; LUNG TUBERCULOSIS; MAJOR CLINICAL STUDY; MALARIA; MALE; MICROSCOPY; SENSITIVITY AND SPECIFICITY; SEROLOGY; SMEAR; SUDAN; URINALYSIS; VISCERAL LEISHMANIASIS;

ADOLESCENT; ADULT; ANIMALS; ANTIGENS, PROTOZOAN; CASE-CONTROL STUDIES; CHILD; CHILD, PRESCHOOL; ENDEMIC DISEASES; ENZYME-LINKED IMMUNOSORBENT ASSAY; FEMALE; FLUORESCENT ANTIBODY TECHNIQUE, INDIRECT; HUMANS; IMMUNOBLOTTING; INFANT; LATEX FIXATION TESTS; LEISHMANIA DONOVANI; LEISHMANIASIS, VISCERAL; MALE; MIDDLE AGED; PARASITOLOGY; PROGNOSIS; SENSITIVITY AND SPECIFICITY; SUDAN;

EID: 16844363878     PISSN: 10203397     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: None     Document Type: Article

References (40)

1. De Beer P et al. Outbreak of kala-azar in the Sudan. Lancet, 1990, 335:224.
2. De Beer P et al. Killing disease epidemic among displaced Sudanese population identified as visceral leishmaniasis. American journal of tropical medicine and hygiene, 1991, 44:283-9.
3. El-Safi S et al. The current situation of kala-azar in Gadarif area, eastern Sudan. Tunis, Archives de L'Institut Pasteur de Tunis, 1994.
4. Seaman J, Mercer AJ, Sondorp E. The epidemic of visceral leishmaniasis in western Upper Nile, southern Sudan: course and impact from 1984 to 1994. International journal of epidemiology, 1996, 25:862-71.
5. El-Safi S et al. Recent observations on the epidemiology of visceral leishmaniasis in Atbara River Area, Eastern Sudan: the outbreak of Barbar El-Fugara village. Microbes and infection, 2002, 4:1439-47.
6. Veress J et al. Morphological observations on visceral leishmaniasis in the Sudan. Tropical geographical medicine, 1974, 26:198-203.
7. Badaro R, Reed SG, Carvalho EM. Immunofluorescent antibody test in American visceral leishmaniasis: sensitivity and specificity of different morphological forms of two Leishmania species. American journal of tropical medicine and hygiene, 1983, 32:480-4.
8. Hommel M et al. Micro-ELISA techniques in the serodiagnosis of visceral leishmaniasis. Annals of tropical medicine and parasitology, 1978, 72:213-8.
9. El-Safi SA, Evans DA. A comparison of the direct agglutination test and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay in the serodiagnosis of leishmaniasis in the Sudan. Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, 1989, 83:334-7.
10. Badaro R et al. rK39: a cloned antigen of Leishmania chagasi that predicts active visceral leishmaniasis. Journal of infectious diseases, 1996, 173:758-61.
11. Al-Assad et al. The significance of blood levels of IgM, IgA, IgG and IgG sub classes in Sudanese visceral leishmaniasis. Clinical and experimental immunology, 1994, 95:294-9.
12. El-Harith A et al. A simple and economical direct agglutination test for serodiagnosis and sero-epidemiological studies of visceral leishmaniasis. Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, 1986, 80:583-6.
13. El-Harith A et al. Improvement of a direct agglutination test for field studies of visceral leishmaniasis. Journal of clinical microbiology, 1988, 26:1321-5.
14. ZijIstra E et al. Direct agglutination test for diagnosis and sero-epidemiological survey of kala-azar in the Sudan. Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, 1991, 85:474-6.
15. Hommel M. Visceral leishmaniasis: biology of the parasite. Journal of infection, 1999, 39:101-11.
16. Sehgal S, Aikat BK, Pathania AGS. Immune complexes in Indian kala-azar. Bulletin of the World Health Organization, 1982, 60:945-50.
17. Galvao-Castro B et al. Polyclonal B cell activation, circulating immune complexes and autoimmunity in human American visceral leishmaniasis. Clinical experimental immunology, 1984, 56:58-66.
18. Azazy AA, Devaney E, Chance ML. A PEG-ELISA for the detection of Leishmania donovani antigen in circulating immune complexes. Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, 1994, 88:62-6.
19. Azazy AA, Chance ML, Devaney E. A time-course study of circulating antigen and parasite-specific antibody in cotton rats infected with Leishmania donovani. Annals of tropical medicine and parasitology, 1997, 91:153-62.
20. Kohanteb J, Ardehali SM, Rezai HR. Detection of Leishmania donovani soluble antigen and antibody in the urine of visceral leishmaniasis patients. Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, 1987, 81:578-80.
21. Senaldi G et al. Serological diagnosis of visceral leishmaniasis by a dot-enzyme immunoassay for the detection of a Leishmania donovani-related circulating antigen. Journal of immunological methods, 1996, 193:9-15.
22. Urnovitz HB et al. Urine-based diagnostic technologies. Trends in biotechnology, 1996, 14:361-4.
23. Attar ZJ et al. Latex agglutination test for the detection of urinary antigens in visceral leishmaniasis. Acta tropica, 2001, 78:11-6.
24. Siddig M et al. Visceral leishmaniasis in the Sudan: comparative parasitological methods of diagnosis. Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, 1988, 82:66-8.
25. Zijlstra EE, El-Hassan AM, Ismael A. Endemic kala-azar in Eastern Sudan: post kala-azar dermal leishmaniasis. American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, 1995, 52 299-305.
26. El-Harith A et al. Evaluation of cleaving agents other than trypsin in DAT for further improving diagnosis of visceral leishmaniasis. Journal of clinical microbiology, 1995, 33:1984-8.
27. Pratlong F et al. Sudan: the possible original focus of visceral leishmaniasis. Parasitology, 2001, 122:599-605.
28. Edrissian GH et al. Application of the indirect fluorescent-antibody test in the serodiagnosis of cutaneous and visceral leishmaniasis in Iran. Annals of tropical medicine and parasitology 1981, 75: 19-24.
29. Mary C et al. Western blot analysis of antibodies to Leishmania infantum antigens: potential of the 14-kD and 16-kD antigens for diagnosis and epidemiologic purposes. American journal of tropical medicine and hygiene, 1992, 47(6):764-71.
30. Landis J, Koch JJ. The measurement of observer agreement for categorical data. Biometrics, 1977, 33:159-74.
31. Rijal S et al. Evaluation of a urinary antigen based latex agglutination test in the diagnosis of kala-azar in Eastern Nepal. Tropical medicine and international health, 2004, 9(6):724-9.
32. Badaro R et al. New perspectives on a subdinical form of visceral leishmaniasis. Journal of infectious diseases, 1986, 154:1003-11.
33. Chatterjee M et al. Diagnostic and prognostic potential of a competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for leishmaniasis in India. Clinical diagnostic laboratory immunology, 1999, 6:550-4.
34. Singh S et al. Diagnostic and prognostic value of rK39 recombinant antigen in Indian leishmaniasis. Journal of parasitology 1995, 81:1000-3.
35. Peters BS et al. Visceral leishmaniasis in HIV infection: clinical features and response to therapy. Quarterly journal of medicine, 1990, 77:1101-1.
36. Rosenthal E et al. Visceral leishmaniasis and HIV co-infection in Southern France. Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, 1995, 89:159-2.
37. Houghton RL et al. A cloned antigen (recombinant rK39) of Leishmania chagasi diagnostic for visceral leishmaniasis in human immunodeficiency virus type 1 patients and a prognostic indicator for monitoring patients undergoing drug therapy. Journal of infectious diseases, 1998, 177:1339-44.
38. El-Safi S, El-Khidir I. HIV/leishmania coinfection in the Sudan (preliminary results). Paper presented at the at the Consultative Meeting on Leishmania/HIV co-infection, Minorca, Spain 26-29 September 1998.
39. El-Safi S, El-Khidir I. HIV/leishmania coinfection in the Sudan. Paper presented at the Pan African Workshop on Asthma, Allergy and Immunology, Zimbabwe, 24-27 September 1999.
40. Zijlstra E et al. Kala-azar: a comparative study of parasitological methods and the direct agglutination test. Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, 1992, 86:505-7.