Bolivia's silent revolution

Journal of Democracy

Volumn 8, Issue 1, 1997, Pages

  Mayorga, René Antonio ^a,b,c  

^a Ctro Boliviano de Estud M

^b UNIVERSITY OF NOTRE DAME   (United States)

^c Bolivian Catholic University 'San Pablo'   (Bolivia)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 16744362753     PISSN: 10455736     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1353/jod.1997.0006     Document Type: Article

References (13)

1. Scott Mainwaring, "Presidentialism, Multiparty Systems, and Democracy: The Difficult Equation" (Working Paper No. 144, Helen Kellogg Institute of International Relations, University of Notre Dame, September 1990).
2. Guillermo O'Donnell, "Delegative Democracy," Journal of Democracy 5 (January 1994): 55-69.
3. For a sense of the difficulties that political scientists face when evaluating Bolivia, see not only Mainwaring, "Presidentialism, Multiparty Systems, and Democracy," but also Arend Lijphart, "Presidentialism and Majoritarian Democracy," and Giovanni Sartori, "Neither Presidentialism nor Parliamentarism," in Juan J. Linz and Arturo Valenzuela, eds., The Failure of Presidential Democracy (Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1994), 94, 107.
4. For a sense of the difficulties that political scientists face when evaluating Bolivia, see not only Mainwaring, "Presidentialism, Multiparty Systems, and Democracy," but also Arend Lijphart, "Presidentialism and Majoritarian Democracy," and Giovanni Sartori, "Neither Presidentialism nor Parliamentarism," in Juan J. Linz and Arturo Valenzuela, eds., The Failure of Presidential Democracy (Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1994), 94, 107.
5. For a sense of the difficulties that political scientists face when evaluating Bolivia, see not only Mainwaring, "Presidentialism, Multiparty Systems, and Democracy," but also Arend Lijphart, "Presidentialism and Majoritarian Democracy," and Giovanni Sartori, "Neither Presidentialism nor Parliamentarism," in Juan J. Linz and Arturo Valenzuela, eds., The Failure of Presidential Democracy (Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1994), 94, 107.
6. For a prematurely pessimistic assessment of Bolivian democracy's prospects, see Laurence Whitehead, "Bolivia's Failed Democratization, 1977-1980," in Guillermo O'Donnell, Philippe Schmitter, and Laurence Whitehead, eds., Transitions from Authoritarian Rule: Latin America (Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1986), 49-71.
7. See John Williamson, ed., Latin American Adjustment: How Much Has Happened? (Washington, D.C.: Institute for International Economics, 1990).
8. Juan Antonio Morales, "Democracy, Economic Liberalism, and Structural Reform in Bolivia," in William Smith, Carlos Acuna, and Eduardo Gamarra, eds., Democracy, Markets, and Structural Reform in Latin America (New Brunswick, N.J.: Transaction, 1994), 129.
9. See George Tsebelis, Nested Games: Rational Choice in Comparative Politics (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1990).
10. Giovanni Sartori, Parties and Party Systems: A Framework for Analysis (New York: Cambridge University Press, 1976), chs. 4-6.
11. Robert Dahl suggests that what matters most for democracy is that parties are "highly competitive," not that they are "internally democratic." See his After the Revolution? Authority in a Good Society (New Haven: Yale University Press, 1990), 5.
12. In the introduction to their coedited volume Building Democratic Institutions: Party Systems in Latin America (Stanford, Calif.: Stanford University Press, 1995), 4-5, Scott Mainwaring and Timothy Scully posit four criteria for assessing the degree of institutionalization achieved by a party system: 1) stability in the nature of and the rules governing interparty competition; 2) stability of parties' roots in society; 3) the willingness of major political actors to accord legitimacy to the electoral process and to parties; and 4) firmly established party organizations that are independent of social groups and organizations.
13. See Eduardo Gamarra, The System of Justice in Bolivia: An Institutional Analysis (Miami: Center for the Administration of Justice, Florida International University, 1991), 76-95.