메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 19, Issue 5, 2004, Pages 259-269

Venomous snakebites worldwide with a focus on the Australia-Pacific region: Current management and controversies

Author keywords

Antivenins; Antivenoms; Blood coagulation disorders; Developing countries; Neurotoxins; Snakebites

Indexed keywords

VENOM ANTISERUM;

EID: 16544390601     PISSN: 08850666     EISSN: 15251489     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1177/0885066604265799     Document Type: Review
Times cited : (38)

References (92)
  • 1
    • 0032428679 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Snake-bites: Appraisal of the global situation
    • Chippaux JP. Snake-bites: appraisal of the global situation. Bull World Health Organ. 1998 ; 76: 515-524.
    • (1998) Bull World Health Organ , vol.76 , pp. 515-524
    • Chippaux, J.P.1
  • 3
    • 0017050696 scopus 로고
    • The importance of bites by the sawscaled or carpet viper (Echis carinatus): Epidemiological studies in Nigeria and a review of the world literature
    • Warrell DA, Arnett C. The importance of bites by the sawscaled or carpet viper (Echis carinatus): epidemiological studies in Nigeria and a review of the world literature. Acta Tropica. 1976 ; 33: 307-341.
    • (1976) Acta Tropica , vol.33 , pp. 307-341
    • Warrell, D.A.1    Arnett, C.2
  • 5
    • 0030484723 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Bites by non-native venomous snakes in the United States
    • Minton SA. Bites by non-native venomous snakes in the United States. Wilderness Environ Med. 1996 ; 7: 297-303.
    • (1996) Wilderness Environ Med , vol.7 , pp. 297-303
    • Minton, S.A.1
  • 6
    • 0033635873 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Snakebite in tropical Australia, Papua New Guinea and Irian Jaya
    • Currie B. Snakebite in tropical Australia, Papua New Guinea and Irian Jaya. Emerg Med. 2000 ; 12: 285-294.
    • (2000) Emerg Med , vol.12 , pp. 285-294
    • Currie, B.1
  • 7
    • 0020530072 scopus 로고
    • The presynaptic neuromuscular blocking agent and phospholipase A2 activity of textilotoxin, a potent toxin isolated from the venom of the Australian brown snake Pseudonaja textilis
    • Su MJ, Coulter AR, Sutherland SK, Chang CC. The presynaptic neuromuscular blocking agent and phospholipase A2 activity of textilotoxin, a potent toxin isolated from the venom of the Australian brown snake Pseudonaja textilis. Toxicon. 1983 ; 21: 143-151.
    • (1983) Toxicon , vol.21 , pp. 143-151
    • Su, M.J.1    Coulter, A.R.2    Sutherland, S.K.3    Chang, C.C.4
  • 8
    • 0026322224 scopus 로고
    • Admissions for suspected snake bite to the Perth adult teaching hospitals, 1979 to 1988
    • Jelinek GA, Hamilton T, Hirsch RL. Admissions for suspected snake bite to the Perth adult teaching hospitals, 1979 to 1988. Med J Aust. 1991 ; 155: 761-764.
    • (1991) Med J Aust , vol.155 , pp. 761-764
    • Jelinek, G.A.1    Hamilton, T.2    Hirsch, R.L.3
  • 9
    • 0030010457 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Suspected snakebite in children: A study of 156 patients over 10 years
    • Mead HJ, Jelinek GA. Suspected snakebite in children: a study of 156 patients over 10 years. Med J Aust. 1996 ; 164: 467-470.
    • (1996) Med J Aust , vol.164 , pp. 467-470
    • Mead, H.J.1    Jelinek, G.A.2
  • 10
    • 0002663276 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A prospective study of snakebite in tropical Australia [abstract]
    • Currie B. A prospective study of snakebite in tropical Australia [abstract]. Aust N Z J Med. 1999 ; 29: 602-602.
    • (1999) Aust N Z J Med , vol.29 , pp. 602-602
    • Currie, B.1
  • 11
    • 0017081047 scopus 로고
    • Taipoxin, an extremely potent presynaptic neurotoxin from the venom of the Australian snake taipan (Oxyuranus scutellatus scutellatus)
    • Fohlman J, Eaker D, Karlsson E, Thesleff S. Taipoxin, an extremely potent presynaptic neurotoxin from the venom of the Australian snake taipan (Oxyuranus scutellatus scutellatus). Eur J Biochem. 1976 ; 68: 457-469.
    • (1976) Eur J Biochem , vol.68 , pp. 457-469
    • Fohlman, J.1    Eaker, D.2    Karlsson, E.3    Thesleff, S.4
  • 12
    • 0024269379 scopus 로고
    • Positive response to edrophonium in death adder (Acanthophis antarcticus) envenomation
    • Hudson BJ. Positive response to edrophonium in death adder (Acanthophis antarcticus) envenomation. Aust N Z J Med. 1988 ; 18: 792-794.
    • (1988) Aust N Z J Med , vol.18 , pp. 792-794
    • Hudson, B.J.1
  • 13
    • 0028011020 scopus 로고
    • Anticholinesterases as antidotes to envenomation of rats by the death adder (Acanthophis antarcticus)
    • Flaschenberger W, Mirtschin PJ. Anticholinesterases as antidotes to envenomation of rats by the death adder (Acanthophis antarcticus). Toxicon. 1994 ; 32 (1). 35-39.
    • (1994) Toxicon , vol.32 , Issue.1 , pp. 35-39
    • Flaschenberger, W.1    Mirtschin, P.J.2
  • 14
    • 0022877406 scopus 로고
    • Positive response to edrophonium in patients with neurotoxic envenoming by cobras (Naja naja philippinensis)
    • Watt G, Theakston RDG, Hayes CG, et al. Positive response to edrophonium in patients with neurotoxic envenoming by cobras (Naja naja philippinensis). N Engl J Med. 1986 ; 315: 1444-1448.
    • (1986) N Engl J Med , vol.315 , pp. 1444-1448
    • Watt, G.1    Theakston, R.D.G.2    Hayes, C.G.3
  • 15
    • 0023680997 scopus 로고
    • Resolution of neurotoxicity with anticholinesterase therapy in death-adder envenomation
    • Currie B, Fitzmaurice M, Oakley J. Resolution of neurotoxicity with anticholinesterase therapy in death-adder envenomation. Med J Aust. 1988 ; 148: 522-525.
    • (1988) Med J Aust , vol.148 , pp. 522-525
    • Currie, B.1    Fitzmaurice, M.2    Oakley, J.3
  • 16
    • 0029036489 scopus 로고
    • The efficacy of antivenom in the treatment of bites by the Papuan taipan (Oxyuranus scutellatus canni)
    • Trevett AJ, Lalloo DG, Nwokolo NC, et al. The efficacy of antivenom in the treatment of bites by the Papuan taipan (Oxyuranus scutellatus canni). Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg. 1995 ; 89: 322-325.
    • (1995) Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg , vol.89 , pp. 322-325
    • Trevett, A.J.1    Lalloo, D.G.2    Nwokolo, N.C.3
  • 17
    • 0027244625 scopus 로고
    • Action of snake venom components on the haemostatic system
    • Hutton RA, Warrell DA. Action of snake venom components on the haemostatic system. Blood Rev. 1993 ; 7: 176-189.
    • (1993) Blood Rev , vol.7 , pp. 176-189
    • Hutton, R.A.1    Warrell, D.A.2
  • 18
    • 0027965045 scopus 로고
    • Reliability of the simple 20 minute whole blood clotting test (WBCT20) as an indicator of low plasma fibrinogen concentration in patients envenomed by Bothrops snakes
    • Sano-Martins IS, Fan HW, Castro SC, et al. Reliability of the simple 20 minute whole blood clotting test (WBCT20) as an indicator of low plasma fibrinogen concentration in patients envenomed by Bothrops snakes. Toxicon. 1994 ; 32: 1045-1050.
    • (1994) Toxicon , vol.32 , pp. 1045-1050
    • Sano-Martins, I.S.1    Fan, H.W.2    Castro, S.C.3
  • 19
    • 0036271749 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Rational use of crotalidae polyvalent immune Fab (ovine) in the management of crotaline bite
    • Yip L. Rational use of crotalidae polyvalent immune Fab (ovine) in the management of crotaline bite. Ann Emerg Med. 2002 ; 39: 648-650.
    • (2002) Ann Emerg Med , vol.39 , pp. 648-650
    • Yip, L.1
  • 20
    • 0020039406 scopus 로고
    • Myotoxic activity of the crude venom and the principal neurotoxin, taipoxin, of the Australian taipan, Oxyuranus scutellatus
    • Harris JB, Maltin CA. Myotoxic activity of the crude venom and the principal neurotoxin, taipoxin, of the Australian taipan, Oxyuranus scutellatus. Br J Pharmacol. 1982 ; 76: 61-75.
    • (1982) Br J Pharmacol , vol.76 , pp. 61-75
    • Harris, J.B.1    Maltin, C.A.2
  • 21
    • 0024417452 scopus 로고
    • Studies on Australian snake venom, part 1: The haemodynamic effects of brown snake (Pseudonaja) species in the dog
    • Tibballs J, Sutherland S, Kerr S. Studies on Australian snake venom, part 1: the haemodynamic effects of brown snake (Pseudonaja) species in the dog. Anaesth Intensive Care. 1989 ; 17: 466-469.
    • (1989) Anaesth Intensive Care , vol.17 , pp. 466-469
    • Tibballs, J.1    Sutherland, S.2    Kerr, S.3
  • 22
    • 0035672430 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 'To search and studdy out the secrett of tropical diseases by way of experiment.'
    • Warrell DA. 'To search and studdy out the secrett of tropical diseases by way of experiment.' Clin Med. 2001 ; 1: 485-494.
    • (2001) Clin Med , vol.1 , pp. 485-494
    • Warrell, D.A.1
  • 23
    • 0026887823 scopus 로고
    • Venomous snakebite: Past, present, and future treatment options
    • Blackman JR, Dillon S. Venomous snakebite: past, present, and future treatment options. J Am Board Fam Pract. 1992 ; 5: 399-405.
    • (1992) J Am Board Fam Pract , vol.5 , pp. 399-405
    • Blackman, J.R.1    Dillon, S.2
  • 24
    • 0018394898 scopus 로고
    • Rationalisation of first aid measures for elapid snakebite
    • Sutherland SK, Coulter AR, Harris RD. Rationalisation of first aid measures for elapid snakebite. Lancet. 1979 ; 1: 183-186.
    • (1979) Lancet , vol.1 , pp. 183-186
    • Sutherland, S.K.1    Coulter, A.R.2    Harris, R.D.3
  • 25
    • 0028618348 scopus 로고
    • Lymphatic flow rates and first-aid in simulated peripheral snake or spider envenomation
    • Howarth DM, Southee AE, Whyte IM. Lymphatic flow rates and first-aid in simulated peripheral snake or spider envenomation. Med J Aust. 1994 ; 161: 695-700.
    • (1994) Med J Aust , vol.161 , pp. 695-700
    • Howarth, D.M.1    Southee, A.E.2    Whyte, I.M.3
  • 26
    • 0024340472 scopus 로고
    • An epidemiological and clinical study of snake-bites in childhood
    • Jamieson R, Pearn J. An epidemiological and clinical study of snake-bites in childhood. Med J Aust. 1989 ; 150: 698-702.
    • (1989) Med J Aust , vol.150 , pp. 698-702
    • Jamieson, R.1    Pearn, J.2
  • 27
    • 0019816583 scopus 로고
    • First-aid for snakebite: Efficacy of a constrictive bandage with limb immobilization in the management of human envenomation
    • Pearn J, Morrison J, Charles N, Muir V. First-aid for snakebite: efficacy of a constrictive bandage with limb immobilization in the management of human envenomation. Med J Aust. 1981 ; 2: 293-295.
    • (1981) Med J Aust , vol.2 , pp. 293-295
    • Pearn, J.1    Morrison, J.2    Charles, N.3    Muir, V.4
  • 28
    • 0019857622 scopus 로고
    • The effectiveness of the pressure/ immobilization first aid technique in the case of a tiger snake bite
    • Murrell GM. The effectiveness of the pressure/ immobilization first aid technique in the case of a tiger snake bite. Med J Aust. 1981 ; 2: 295-295.
    • (1981) Med J Aust , vol.2 , pp. 295-295
    • Murrell, G.M.1
  • 29
    • 0019480471 scopus 로고
    • Early management of bites by the eastern diamondback rattlesnake (Crotalus adamanteus): Studies in monkeys (Macaca fascicularis)
    • Sutherland SK, Coulte AR. Early management of bites by the eastern diamondback rattlesnake (Crotalus adamanteus): studies in monkeys (Macaca fascicularis). Am J Trop Med Hyg. 1981 ; 30: 497-500.
    • (1981) Am J Trop Med Hyg , vol.30 , pp. 497-500
    • Sutherland, S.K.1    Coulte, A.R.2
  • 30
    • 0029001613 scopus 로고
    • Local compression pads as a first-aid measure for victims of bites by Russell's viper (Daboia russelii siamensis) in Myanmar
    • Tun-Pe, Aye-Aye-Myint, Khin-Ei-Han, Thi-Ha, Tin-Nu-Swe. Local compression pads as a first-aid measure for victims of bites by Russell's viper (Daboia russelii siamensis) in Myanmar. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg. 1995 ; 89: 293-295.
    • (1995) Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg , vol.89 , pp. 293-295
    • Tun-Pe1    Aye-Aye-Myint2    Khin-Ei-Han3    Thi-Ha4    Tin-Nu-Swe5
  • 31
    • 0034198547 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Field trial of efficacy of local compression immobilization first-aid technique in Russell's viper (Daboia russelii siamensis) bite patients
    • Pe T, Mya S, Myint AA, Aung NN, Kyu KA, Oo T. Field trial of efficacy of local compression immobilization first-aid technique in Russell's viper (Daboia russelii siamensis) bite patients. Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public Health. 2000 ; 31: 346-348.
    • (2000) Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public Health , vol.31 , pp. 346-348
    • Pe, T.1    Mya, S.2    Myint, A.A.3    Aung, N.N.4    Kyu, K.A.5    Oo, T.6
  • 32
    • 0025856635 scopus 로고
    • Studies on Australian snake venoms, part II: The haematological effects of brown snake (Pseudonaja) species in the dog
    • Tibballs J, Sutherland SK, Kerr S. Studies on Australian snake venoms, part II: the haematological effects of brown snake (Pseudonaja) species in the dog. Anaesth Intensive Care. 1991 ; 19: 338-342.
    • (1991) Anaesth Intensive Care , vol.19 , pp. 338-342
    • Tibballs, J.1    Sutherland, S.K.2    Kerr, S.3
  • 33
    • 0000421110 scopus 로고
    • Absorption of bacteria, toxins and snake venoms from the tissues
    • Barnes JM, Trueta J. Absorption of bacteria, toxins and snake venoms from the tissues. Lancet. 1941 ; 1: 623-626.
    • (1941) Lancet , vol.1 , pp. 623-626
    • Barnes, J.M.1    Trueta, J.2
  • 34
    • 0345095455 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Snakebite in Australia: Moving from anecdotes to prospective studies
    • Currie B. Snakebite in Australia: moving from anecdotes to prospective studies. Emerg Med (Fremantle). 2003 ; 15: 406-408.
    • (2003) Emerg Med (Fremantle) , vol.15 , pp. 406-408
    • Currie, B.1
  • 35
    • 0033291962 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • WHO/SEARO guidelines for the clinical management of snake bites in the Southeast Asian region
    • WHO/SEARO guidelines for the clinical management of snake bites in the Southeast Asian region. Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public Health. 1999 ; 30: 1-85.
    • (1999) Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public Health , vol.30 , pp. 1-85
  • 37
    • 0028930334 scopus 로고
    • Fatal intracranial haematomas in two patients with Brown snake envenomation
    • Sprivulis P, Jelinek G. Fatal intracranial haematomas in two patients with Brown snake envenomation. Med J Aust. 1995 ; 162: 215-216.
    • (1995) Med J Aust , vol.162 , pp. 215-216
    • Sprivulis, P.1    Jelinek, G.2
  • 39
    • 0030890761 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • First clinical experiences with a new ovine Fab Echis ocellatus snake bite antivenom in Nigeria: Randomized comparative trial with Institute Pasteur Serum (Ipser) Africa antivenom
    • Meyer WP, Habib AG, Onayade AA, et al. First clinical experiences with a new ovine Fab Echis ocellatus snake bite antivenom in Nigeria: randomized comparative trial with Institute Pasteur Serum (Ipser) Africa antivenom. Am J Trop Med Hyg. 1997 ; 56: 291-300.
    • (1997) Am J Trop Med Hyg , vol.56 , pp. 291-300
    • Meyer, W.P.1    Habib, A.G.2    Onayade, A.A.3
  • 40
    • 0035723429 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • An open, randomized comparative trial of two antivenoms for the treatment of envenoming by Sri Lankan Russell's viper (Daboia russelii russelii)
    • Ariaratnam CA, Sjostrom L, Raziek Z, et al. An open, randomized comparative trial of two antivenoms for the treatment of envenoming by Sri Lankan Russell's viper (Daboia russelii russelii). Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg. 2001 ; 95: 74-80.
    • (2001) Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg , vol.95 , pp. 74-80
    • Ariaratnam, C.A.1    Sjostrom, L.2    Raziek, Z.3
  • 41
    • 0035955926 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A randomized multicenter trial of crotalinae polyvalent immune Fab (ovine) antivenom for the treatment for crotaline snakebite in the United States
    • Dart RC, Seifert SA, Boyer LV, et al. A randomized multicenter trial of crotalinae polyvalent immune Fab (ovine) antivenom for the treatment for crotaline snakebite in the United States. Arch Intern Med. 2001 ; 161: 2030-2036.
    • (2001) Arch Intern Med , vol.161 , pp. 2030-2036
    • Dart, R.C.1    Seifert, S.A.2    Boyer, L.V.3
  • 42
    • 0027082326 scopus 로고
    • Antivenom use in Australia: Premedication, adverse reactions and the use of venom detection kits
    • Sutherland SK. Antivenom use in Australia: premedication, adverse reactions and the use of venom detection kits. Med J Aust. 1992 ; 157: 734-739.
    • (1992) Med J Aust , vol.157 , pp. 734-739
    • Sutherland, S.K.1
  • 43
    • 13044276254 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Clinical safety of a polyvalent F(ab')2 equine antivenom in 223 African snake envenomations: A field trial in Cameroon. VAO (Venin Afrique de l'Ouest) Investigators
    • Chippaux JP, Lang J, Eddine SA, et al. Clinical safety of a polyvalent F(ab')2 equine antivenom in 223 African snake envenomations: a field trial in Cameroon. VAO (Venin Afrique de l'Ouest) Investigators. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg. 1998 ; 92: 657-662.
    • (1998) Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg , vol.92 , pp. 657-662
    • Chippaux, J.P.1    Lang, J.2    Eddine, S.A.3
  • 44
    • 0026802912 scopus 로고
    • Comparison of the potency of three Brazilian Bothrops antivenoms using in vivo rodent and in vitro assays. BIASG (Butantan Institute Antivenom Study Group)
    • Laing GD, Theakston RD, Leite RP, da Silva WD, Warrell DA. Comparison of the potency of three Brazilian Bothrops antivenoms using in vivo rodent and in vitro assays. BIASG (Butantan Institute Antivenom Study Group). Toxicon. 1992 ; 30: 1219-1225.
    • (1992) Toxicon , vol.30 , pp. 1219-1225
    • Laing, G.D.1    Theakston, R.D.2    Leite, R.P.3    Da Silva, W.D.4    Warrell, D.A.5
  • 45
    • 0022655993 scopus 로고
    • Prediction, prevention, and mechanisms of early (anaphylactic) antivenom reactions in victims of snake bites
    • Malasit P, Warrell DA, Chanthavanich P, et al. Prediction, prevention, and mechanisms of early (anaphylactic) antivenom reactions in victims of snake bites. BMJ. 1986 ; 292: 17-20.
    • (1986) BMJ , vol.292 , pp. 17-20
    • Malasit, P.1    Warrell, D.A.2    Chanthavanich, P.3
  • 46
    • 0024268204 scopus 로고
    • Paralysis, rhabdomyolysis and haemolysis caused by bites of Russell's viper (Vipera russelli pulchella) in Sri Lanka: Failure of Indian (Haffkine) antivenom
    • Phillips RE, Theakston RD, Warrell DA, et al. Paralysis, rhabdomyolysis and haemolysis caused by bites of Russell's viper (Vipera russelli pulchella) in Sri Lanka: failure of Indian (Haffkine) antivenom. Q J Med. 1988 ; 68: 691-715.
    • (1988) Q J Med , vol.68 , pp. 691-715
    • Phillips, R.E.1    Theakston, R.D.2    Warrell, D.A.3
  • 47
    • 73649191217 scopus 로고
    • The treatment of snakebite
    • Trinca GF. The treatment of snakebite. Med J Aust. 1963 ; 1: 275-280.
    • (1963) Med J Aust , vol.1 , pp. 275-280
    • Trinca, G.F.1
  • 48
    • 0025918498 scopus 로고
    • The efficacy of antivenom in prevention of cardiovascular depression and coagulopathy induced by brown snake (Pseudonaja) species venom
    • Tibballs J, Sutherland S. The efficacy of antivenom in prevention of cardiovascular depression and coagulopathy induced by brown snake (Pseudonaja) species venom. Anaesth Intensive Care. 1991 ; 19: 530-534.
    • (1991) Anaesth Intensive Care , vol.19 , pp. 530-534
    • Tibballs, J.1    Sutherland, S.2
  • 49
    • 0029893744 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Efficacy and potency of antivenoms in neutralizing the procoagulant effects of Australian snake venoms in dog and human plasma
    • Sprivulis P, Jelinek GA, Marshall L. Efficacy and potency of antivenoms in neutralizing the procoagulant effects of Australian snake venoms in dog and human plasma. Anaesth Intensive Care. 1996 ; 24: 379-381.
    • (1996) Anaesth Intensive Care , vol.24 , pp. 379-381
    • Sprivulis, P.1    Jelinek, G.A.2    Marshall, L.3
  • 50
    • 0022600636 scopus 로고
    • Clinical significance of venom levels in patients envenomed by the Malayan pit viper (Calloselasma rhodostoma)
    • Ho M, Warrell DA, Looareesuwan S, et al. Clinical significance of venom levels in patients envenomed by the Malayan pit viper (Calloselasma rhodostoma). Am J Trop Med Hyg. 1986 ; 35 (3). 579-587.
    • (1986) Am J Trop Med Hyg , vol.35 , Issue.3 , pp. 579-587
    • Ho, M.1    Warrell, D.A.2    Looareesuwan, S.3
  • 51
    • 0026680518 scopus 로고
    • Envenoming by viper bites in France: Clinical gradation and biological quantification by ELISA
    • Audebert F, Sorkine M, Bon C. Envenoming by viper bites in France: clinical gradation and biological quantification by ELISA. Toxicon. 1992 ; 30: 599-609.
    • (1992) Toxicon , vol.30 , pp. 599-609
    • Audebert, F.1    Sorkine, M.2    Bon, C.3
  • 52
    • 38349183504 scopus 로고
    • Treatment of snake bite in the Asia Pacific region: A personal view
    • Gopalakrishnakone P, Chao L, eds. Singapore: National University of Singapore;
    • Warrell D. Treatment of snake bite in the Asia Pacific region: a personal view. In: Gopalakrishnakone P, Chao L, eds. Snakes of Medical Importance (Asia Pacific Region). Singapore: National University of Singapore ; 1990.
    • (1990) Snakes of Medical Importance (Asia Pacific Region)
    • Warrell, D.1
  • 53
    • 0028792492 scopus 로고
    • Snake F(ab')2 antivenom from hyperimmunized horse: Pharmacokinetics following intravenous and intramuscular administrations in rabbits
    • Pepin S, Lutsch C, Grandgeorge M, Scherrmann JM. Snake F(ab')2 antivenom from hyperimmunized horse: pharmacokinetics following intravenous and intramuscular administrations in rabbits. Pharm Res. 1995 ; 12: 1470-1473.
    • (1995) Pharm Res , vol.12 , pp. 1470-1473
    • Pepin, S.1    Lutsch, C.2    Grandgeorge, M.3    Scherrmann, J.M.4
  • 54
    • 0030923071 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of antivenom on venom pharmacokinetics in experimentally envenomed rabbits: Toward an optimization of antivenom therapy
    • Riviere G, Choumet V, Audebert F, et al. Effect of antivenom on venom pharmacokinetics in experimentally envenomed rabbits: toward an optimization of antivenom therapy. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 1997 ; 281: 1-8.
    • (1997) J Pharmacol Exp Ther , vol.281 , pp. 1-8
    • Riviere, G.1    Choumet, V.2    Audebert, F.3
  • 55
    • 0030670958 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • An objective approach to antivenom therapy and assessment of first-aid measures in snake bite
    • Theakston RDG. An objective approach to antivenom therapy and assessment of first-aid measures in snake bite. Ann Trop Med Parasitol. 1997 ; 91: 857-865.
    • (1997) Ann Trop Med Parasitol , vol.91 , pp. 857-865
    • Theakston, R.D.G.1
  • 56
    • 0033577475 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Low dose subcutaneous adrenaline to prevent acute adverse reactions to antivenom serum in people bitten by snakes: Randomised, placebo controlled trial
    • Premawardhena AP, de Silva CE, Fonseka MM, Gunatilake SB, de Silva HJ. Low dose subcutaneous adrenaline to prevent acute adverse reactions to antivenom serum in people bitten by snakes: randomised, placebo controlled trial. BMJ. 1999 ; 318: 1041-1043.
    • (1999) BMJ , vol.318 , pp. 1041-1043
    • Premawardhena, A.P.1    De Silva, C.E.2    Fonseka, M.M.3    Gunatilake, S.B.4    De Silva, H.J.5
  • 57
    • 0347117586 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Parallel infusion of hydrocortisone chlorpheniramine bolus injection to prevent acute adverse reactions to antivenom for snakebites
    • Gawarammana IB, Kularatne SA, Dissanayake WP, Kumarasiri RP, Senanayake N, Ariyasena H. Parallel infusion of hydrocortisone chlorpheniramine bolus injection to prevent acute adverse reactions to antivenom for snakebites. Med J Aust. 2004 ; 180: 20-23.
    • (2004) Med J Aust , vol.180 , pp. 20-23
    • Gawarammana, I.B.1    Kularatne, S.A.2    Dissanayake, W.P.3    Kumarasiri, R.P.4    Senanayake, N.5    Ariyasena, H.6
  • 58
    • 0033614682 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sequential randomised and double blind trial of promethazine prophylaxis against early anaphylactic reactions to antivenom for Bothrops snake bites
    • Fan HW, Marcopito LF, Cardoso JL, et al. Sequential randomised and double blind trial of promethazine prophylaxis against early anaphylactic reactions to antivenom for Bothrops snake bites. BMJ. 1999 ; 318: 1451-1452.
    • (1999) BMJ , vol.318 , pp. 1451-1452
    • Fan, H.W.1    Marcopito, L.F.2    Cardoso, J.L.3
  • 60
    • 0016426304 scopus 로고
    • The stability of refined antivenin
    • Christensen PA. The stability of refined antivenin. Toxicon. 1975 ; 13: 75-77.
    • (1975) Toxicon , vol.13 , pp. 75-77
    • Christensen, P.A.1
  • 61
    • 0030834167 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Affinity-purified, mixed monospecific crotalid antivenom ovine Fab for the treatment of crotalid venom poisoning
    • Dart RC, Seifert SA, Carroll L, et al. Affinity-purified, mixed monospecific crotalid antivenom ovine Fab for the treatment of crotalid venom poisoning. Ann Emerg Med. 1997 ; 30: 33-39.
    • (1997) Ann Emerg Med , vol.30 , pp. 33-39
    • Dart, R.C.1    Seifert, S.A.2    Carroll, L.3
  • 62
    • 0035134542 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Recurrence phenomena after immunoglobulin therapy for snake envenomations, part 2: Guidelines for clinical management with crotaline Fab antivenom
    • Boyer LV, Seifert SA, Cain JS. Recurrence phenomena after immunoglobulin therapy for snake envenomations, part 2: guidelines for clinical management with crotaline Fab antivenom. Ann Emerg Med. 2001 ; 37: 196-201.
    • (2001) Ann Emerg Med , vol.37 , pp. 196-201
    • Boyer, L.V.1    Seifert, S.A.2    Cain, J.S.3
  • 63
    • 0034581763 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Recurrent coagulopathy after antivenom treatment of crotalid snakebite
    • Bogdan GM, Dart RC, Falbo SC, McNally J, Spaite D. Recurrent coagulopathy after antivenom treatment of crotalid snakebite. South Med J. 2000 ; 93: 562-566.
    • (2000) South Med J , vol.93 , pp. 562-566
    • Bogdan, G.M.1    Dart, R.C.2    Falbo, S.C.3    McNally, J.4    Spaite, D.5
  • 64
    • 25544441987 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Antibiotics are rarely required following rattlesnake envenomation (ACEP research forum)
    • LoVecchio F, Klemens J, Welch S, Rodriguez R. Antibiotics are rarely required following rattlesnake envenomation (ACEP research forum). Ann Emerg Med. 1999 ; 34: S28 - S28.
    • (1999) Ann Emerg Med , vol.34
    • Lovecchio, F.1    Klemens, J.2    Welch, S.3    Rodriguez, R.4
  • 65
    • 0037191711 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Bites of venomous snakes
    • Warrell DA. Bites of venomous snakes. N Engl J Med. 2002 ; 347: 1804-1805.
    • (2002) N Engl J Med , vol.347 , pp. 1804-1805
    • Warrell, D.A.1
  • 66
    • 0035438413 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Normal oral bacterial flora from some southern African snakes
    • Blaylock RS. Normal oral bacterial flora from some southern African snakes. Onderstepoort J Vet Res. 2001 ; 68: 175-182.
    • (2001) Onderstepoort J Vet Res , vol.68 , pp. 175-182
    • Blaylock, R.S.1
  • 67
    • 0025615144 scopus 로고
    • Bacteriological studies of the venom and mouth cavities of wild Malayan pit vipers (Calloselasma rhodostoma) in southern Thailand
    • Theakston RD, Phillips RE, Looareesuwan S, Echeverria P, Makin T, Warrell DA. Bacteriological studies of the venom and mouth cavities of wild Malayan pit vipers (Calloselasma rhodostoma) in southern Thailand. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg. 1990 ; 84: 875-879.
    • (1990) Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg , vol.84 , pp. 875-879
    • Theakston, R.D.1    Phillips, R.E.2    Looareesuwan, S.3    Echeverria, P.4    Makin, T.5    Warrell, D.A.6
  • 69
    • 0030952808 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A simple method to measure compartment pressures using an intravenous catheter
    • Wilson SC, Vrahas MS, Berson L, Paul EM. A simple method to measure compartment pressures using an intravenous catheter. Orthopedics. 1997 ; 20: 403-406.
    • (1997) Orthopedics , vol.20 , pp. 403-406
    • Wilson, S.C.1    Vrahas, M.S.2    Berson, L.3    Paul, E.M.4
  • 70
    • 0029960658 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Severe envenomation by the taipan (Oxyuranus scutellatus)
    • Southern DA, Callanan VI, Gordon GS. Severe envenomation by the taipan (Oxyuranus scutellatus). Med J Aust. 1996 ; 165: 662-664.
    • (1996) Med J Aust , vol.165 , pp. 662-664
    • Southern, D.A.1    Callanan, V.I.2    Gordon, G.S.3
  • 71
    • 0026770102 scopus 로고
    • Heparin therapy in Russell's viper bite victims with disseminated intravascular coagulation: A controlled trial
    • Tin-Nu-Swe, Myint-Lwin, Khin-Ei-Han, Tun T, Tun-Pe. Heparin therapy in Russell's viper bite victims with disseminated intravascular coagulation: a controlled trial. Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public Health. 1992 ; 23: 282-287.
    • (1992) Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public Health , vol.23 , pp. 282-287
    • Tin-Nu-Swe1    Myint-Lwin2    Khin-Ei-Han3    Tun, T.4    Tun-Pe5
  • 72
    • 0018094152 scopus 로고
    • Experimental defibrination and bothropase: A study on the fibrinolytic mechanism in vivo
    • Kelen EM, Rosenfeld G, Vainzof M, Machado ZC. Experimental defibrination and bothropase: a study on the fibrinolytic mechanism in vivo. Haemostasis. 1978 ; 7: 35-45.
    • (1978) Haemostasis , vol.7 , pp. 35-45
    • Kelen, E.M.1    Rosenfeld, G.2    Vainzof, M.3    MacHado, Z.C.4
  • 73
    • 12644312234 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Electrocardiographic abnormalities in patients bitten by taipans (Oxyuranus scutellatus canni) and other elapid snakes in Papua New Guinea
    • Lalloo DG, Trevett AJ, Nwokolo N, et al. Electrocardiographic abnormalities in patients bitten by taipans (Oxyuranus scutellatus canni) and other elapid snakes in Papua New Guinea. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg. 1997 ; 91: 53-56.
    • (1997) Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg , vol.91 , pp. 53-56
    • Lalloo, D.G.1    Trevett, A.J.2    Nwokolo, N.3
  • 74
    • 0023943072 scopus 로고
    • Second-degree heart block associated with envenomation by Vipera berus
    • Moore RS. Second-degree heart block associated with envenomation by Vipera berus. Arch Emerg Med. 1988 ; 5: 116-118.
    • (1988) Arch Emerg Med , vol.5 , pp. 116-118
    • Moore, R.S.1
  • 75
    • 0016826404 scopus 로고
    • Bites by puffadder (Bitis arietans) in Nigeria, and value of antivenom
    • Warrell DA, Ormerod LD, Davidson NM. Bites by puffadder (Bitis arietans) in Nigeria, and value of antivenom. BMJ. 1975 ; 4: 697-700.
    • (1975) BMJ , vol.4 , pp. 697-700
    • Warrell, D.A.1    Ormerod, L.D.2    Davidson, N.M.3
  • 76
    • 0031025517 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • First clinical experiences with specific sheep Fab fragments in snake bite: Report of a multicentre study of Vipera berus envenoming
    • Karlson-Stiber C, Persson H, Heath A, Smith D, al-Abdulla IH, Sjostrom L. First clinical experiences with specific sheep Fab fragments in snake bite: report of a multicentre study of Vipera berus envenoming. J Intern Med. 1997 ; 241: 53-58.
    • (1997) J Intern Med , vol.241 , pp. 53-58
    • Karlson-Stiber, C.1    Persson, H.2    Heath, A.3    Smith, D.4    Al-Abdulla, I.H.5    Sjostrom, L.6
  • 77
    • 0038678056 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Crush injury and crush syndrome: A review
    • Smith J, Greaves I. Crush injury and crush syndrome: a review. J Trauma. 2003 ; 54: S226 - S230.
    • (2003) J Trauma , vol.54
    • Smith, J.1    Greaves, I.2
  • 78
    • 0018622345 scopus 로고
    • The effect of infusion of mannitol-sodium bicarbonate on the clinical course of myoglobinuria
    • Eneas JF, Schoenfeld PY, Humphreys MH. The effect of infusion of mannitol-sodium bicarbonate on the clinical course of myoglobinuria. Arch Intern Med. 1979 ; 139: 801-805.
    • (1979) Arch Intern Med , vol.139 , pp. 801-805
    • Eneas, J.F.1    Schoenfeld, P.Y.2    Humphreys, M.H.3
  • 79
    • 8244240423 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prophylaxis of acute renal failure in patients with rhabdomyolysis
    • Homsi E, Barreiro MF, Orlando JM, Higa EM. Prophylaxis of acute renal failure in patients with rhabdomyolysis. Ren Fail. 1997 ; 19: 283-288.
    • (1997) Ren Fail , vol.19 , pp. 283-288
    • Homsi, E.1    Barreiro, M.F.2    Orlando, J.M.3    Higa, E.M.4
  • 80
    • 0025712626 scopus 로고
    • Early management of shock and prophylaxis of acute renal failure in traumatic rhabdomyolysis
    • Better OS, Stein JH. Early management of shock and prophylaxis of acute renal failure in traumatic rhabdomyolysis. N Engl J Med. 1990 ; 322: 825-829.
    • (1990) N Engl J Med , vol.322 , pp. 825-829
    • Better, O.S.1    Stein, J.H.2
  • 81
    • 0021255394 scopus 로고
    • Russell's viper bite in Sri Lanka: A study of 22 cases
    • Jeyarajah R. Russell's viper bite in Sri Lanka: a study of 22 cases. Am J Trop Med Hyg. 1984 ; 33: 506-510.
    • (1984) Am J Trop Med Hyg , vol.33 , pp. 506-510
    • Jeyarajah, R.1
  • 83
    • 0017763372 scopus 로고
    • Renal failure following snake bite: A clinicopathological study of nineteen patients
    • Shastry JC, Date A, Carman RH, Johny KV. Renal failure following snake bite: a clinicopathological study of nineteen patients. Am J Trop Med Hyg. 1977 ; 26: 1032-1038.
    • (1977) Am J Trop Med Hyg , vol.26 , pp. 1032-1038
    • Shastry, J.C.1    Date, A.2    Carman, R.H.3    Johny, K.V.4
  • 84
    • 0036022112 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Snakebite induced acute interstitial nephritis: Report of a rare entity
    • Gundappa RK, Sud K, Kohli HS, et al. Snakebite induced acute interstitial nephritis: report of a rare entity. Ren Fail. 2002 ; 24: 369-372.
    • (2002) Ren Fail , vol.24 , pp. 369-372
    • Gundappa, R.K.1    Sud, K.2    Kohli, H.S.3
  • 85
    • 0026482996 scopus 로고
    • Acute renal failure in patients with severe falciparum malaria
    • Trang TT, Phu NH, Vinh H, et al. Acute renal failure in patients with severe falciparum malaria. Clin Infect Dis. 1992 ; 15: 874-880.
    • (1992) Clin Infect Dis , vol.15 , pp. 874-880
    • Trang, T.T.1    Phu, N.H.2    Vinh, H.3
  • 86
    • 0028901433 scopus 로고
    • Experimental assessment of a new, low-cost antivenom for treatment of carpet viper (Echis ocellatus) envenoming
    • Laing GD, Lee L, Smith DC, Landon J, Theakston RD. Experimental assessment of a new, low-cost antivenom for treatment of carpet viper (Echis ocellatus) envenoming. Toxicon. 1995 ; 33: 307-313.
    • (1995) Toxicon , vol.33 , pp. 307-313
    • Laing, G.D.1    Lee, L.2    Smith, D.C.3    Landon, J.4    Theakston, R.D.5
  • 87
    • 0034676806 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Crisis in snake antivenom supply for Africa
    • Theakston RD, Warrell DA. Crisis in snake antivenom supply for Africa. Lancet. 2000 ; 356: 2104-2104.
    • (2000) Lancet , vol.356 , pp. 2104-2104
    • Theakston, R.D.1    Warrell, D.A.2
  • 88
    • 0035803990 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Snakebite and antivenoms in the Asia-Pacific: Wokabaut wantaim, raka hebou ("walking together")
    • Cheng AC, Winkel KD. Snakebite and antivenoms in the Asia-Pacific: wokabaut wantaim, raka hebou ("walking together"). Med J Aust. 2001 ; 175: 648-651.
    • (2001) Med J Aust , vol.175 , pp. 648-651
    • Cheng, A.C.1    Winkel, K.D.2
  • 89
    • 0141767102 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A new Pan African polyspecific antivenom developed in response to the antivenom crisis in Africa
    • Laing GD, Renjifo JM, Ruiz F, et al. A new Pan African polyspecific antivenom developed in response to the antivenom crisis in Africa. Toxicon. 2003 ; 42: 35-41.
    • (2003) Toxicon , vol.42 , pp. 35-41
    • Laing, G.D.1    Renjifo, J.M.2    Ruiz, F.3
  • 90
    • 0037136535 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hemofiltration and peritoneal dialysis in infection-associated acute renal failure in Vietnam
    • Phu NH, Hien TT, Mai NT, et al. Hemofiltration and peritoneal dialysis in infection-associated acute renal failure in Vietnam. N Engl J Med. 2002 ; 347: 895-902.
    • (2002) N Engl J Med , vol.347 , pp. 895-902
    • Phu, N.H.1    Hien, T.T.2    Mai, N.T.3
  • 91
    • 11944274516 scopus 로고
    • Rattlesnake and scorpion antivenoms from the egg yolks of immunized hens
    • Thalley BS, Carroll SB. Rattlesnake and scorpion antivenoms from the egg yolks of immunized hens. Biotechnology (N Y). 1990 ; 8: 934-938.
    • (1990) Biotechnology (N Y) , vol.8 , pp. 934-938
    • Thalley, B.S.1    Carroll, S.B.2
  • 92
    • 0026781427 scopus 로고
    • Comparison of the purity and efficacy of affinity purified avian antivenoms with commercial equine crotalid antivenoms
    • Carroll SB, Thalley BS, Theakston RD, Laing G. Comparison of the purity and efficacy of affinity purified avian antivenoms with commercial equine crotalid antivenoms. Toxicon. 1992 ; 30: 1017-1025.
    • (1992) Toxicon , vol.30 , pp. 1017-1025
    • Carroll, S.B.1    Thalley, B.S.2    Theakston, R.D.3    Laing, G.4


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.