메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 114, Issue 3, 2004, Pages 862-868

Nontherapeutic use of antimicrobial agents in animal agriculture: Implications for pediatrics

(1)  Shea, Katherine M a  

a NONE

Author keywords

Agriculture; Antibiotic; Antimicrobial; Child; Epidemiology; Foodborne; Infant; Resistance

Indexed keywords

AMINOGLYCOSIDE; AMPICILLIN; ANTIINFECTIVE AGENT; AZTREONAM; BAMBERMYCIN; BETA LACTAM ANTIBIOTIC; CARBADOX; CEFOXITIN; CEPHALOSPORIN; CEPHALOSPORIN DERIVATIVE; CHLORAMPHENICOL; CHLORTETRACYCLINE; ERYTHROMYCIN; GENTAMICIN; IONOPHORE; KANAMYCIN; LINCOSAMIDE; MACROLIDE; NOVOBIOCIN; PENICILLIN G; POLYPEPTIDE; QUINOLINE DERIVED ANTIINFECTIVE AGENT; SPECTINOMYCIN; STREPTOGRAMIN; STREPTOMYCIN; SULFAFURAZOLE; SULFONAMIDE; TETRACYCLINE; TOBRAMYCIN; UNINDEXED DRUG;

EID: 16544374290     PISSN: 00314005     EISSN: 00314005     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1542/peds.2004-1233     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (59)

References (58)
  • 1
    • 0003441816 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Washington, DC: National Academy Press
    • Institute of Medicine, Committee on Drug Use in Food Animals and National Research Council. The Use of Drugs in Food Animals: Benefits and Risks. Washington, DC: National Academy Press; 1999
    • (1999) The Use of Drugs in Food Animals: Benefits and Risks
  • 2
    • 27444440876 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Rockville, MD: Center for Veterinary Medicine
    • US Department of Agriculture, Center for Veterinary Medicine. 2003 Online Green Book. Rockville, MD: Center for Veterinary Medicine; 2003. Available at: www.fda.gov/cvm/greenbook/elecgbook.html. Accessed September 30, 2003
    • (2003) 2003 Online Green Book
  • 3
    • 0003942353 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Antimicrobial Drug Use and Veterinary Costs in U.S. Livestock Production
    • Washington, DC: Economic Research Service, US Department of Agriculture
    • Mathews KJ. Antimicrobial Drug Use and Veterinary Costs in U.S. Livestock Production. Washington, DC: Economic Research Service, US Department of Agriculture; 2001. USDA Agricultural Information Bulletin 766. Available at: www.ers.usda.gov/publications/aib766/aib766.pdf. Accessed September 30, 2003
    • (2001) USDA Agricultural Information Bulletin 766
    • Mathews, K.J.1
  • 6
    • 0017199469 scopus 로고
    • Changes in intestinal flora of farm personnel after introduction of a tetracycline-supplemented feed on a farm
    • Levy SB, FitzGerald GB, Macone AB. Changes in intestinal flora of farm personnel after introduction of a tetracycline-supplemented feed on a farm. N Engl J Med. 1976;295:583-588
    • (1976) N Engl J Med , vol.295 , pp. 583-588
    • Levy, S.B.1    FitzGerald, G.B.2    Macone, A.B.3
  • 7
    • 0032512458 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Medical consequences of antibiotic use in agriculture
    • Witte W. Medical consequences of antibiotic use in agriculture. Science. 1998;279:996-997
    • (1998) Science , vol.279 , pp. 996-997
    • Witte, W.1
  • 9
    • 0035458722 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Genotypic analysis of Escherichia coli O157:H7 and O157 nonmotile isolates recovered from beef cattle and carcasses at processing plants in the Midwestern states of the United States
    • Barkocy-Gallagher GA, Arthur TM, Siragusa GR, et al. Genotypic analysis of Escherichia coli O157:H7 and O157 nonmotile isolates recovered from beef cattle and carcasses at processing plants in the Midwestern states of the United States. Appl Environ Microbiol. 2001;67:3810-3818
    • (2001) Appl Environ Microbiol , vol.67 , pp. 3810-3818
    • Barkocy-Gallagher, G.A.1    Arthur, T.M.2    Siragusa, G.R.3
  • 10
    • 0034085697 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evaluation of IS 200-PCR and comparison with other molecular markers to trace Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serotype Typhimurium bovine isolates from farm to meat
    • Millemann Y, Gaubert S, Remy D, Colmin C. Evaluation of IS 200-PCR and comparison with other molecular markers to trace Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serotype Typhimurium bovine isolates from farm to meat. J Clin Microbiol. 2000;38:2204-2209
    • (2000) J Clin Microbiol , vol.38 , pp. 2204-2209
    • Millemann, Y.1    Gaubert, S.2    Remy, D.3    Colmin, C.4
  • 11
    • 0002019308 scopus 로고
    • The epidemiology of gene transfer in the environment
    • Levy SB, Miller RV, eds. New York, NY: McGraw-Hill Publishing Co
    • Tauxe RV, Holmberg SD, Cohen ML. The epidemiology of gene transfer in the environment. In: Levy SB, Miller RV, eds. Gene Transfer in the Environment. New York, NY: McGraw-Hill Publishing Co; 1989:377-403
    • (1989) Gene Transfer in the Environment , pp. 377-403
    • Tauxe, R.V.1    Holmberg, S.D.2    Cohen, M.L.3
  • 12
    • 0035918317 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Outbreaks of Escherichia coli O157:H7 infections among children associated with farm visits-Pennsylvania and Washington, 2000
    • Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Outbreaks of Escherichia coli O157:H7 infections among children associated with farm visits-Pennsylvania and Washington, 2000. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2001;50:293-298
    • (2001) MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep , vol.50 , pp. 293-298
  • 13
    • 0042047505 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Occurrence of antibiotics in surface and ground water near confined animal feeding operations and waste water treatment plants using radioimmunoassay and liquid chromatography/electrospray mass spectrometry
    • abstract 34. March 26-30, San Francisco, CA
    • Meyer MT, Kolpin DW, Bumgarner JE, Varns JL, Daughtridge JV. Occurrence of antibiotics in surface and ground water near confined animal feeding operations and waste water treatment plants using radioimmunoassay and liquid chromatography/electrospray mass spectrometry [abstract 34].Presented at the 219th meeting of the American Chemical Society; March 26-30, 2000; San Francisco, CA
    • (2000) 219th Meeting of the American Chemical Society
    • Meyer, M.T.1    Kolpin, D.W.2    Bumgarner, J.E.3    Varns, J.L.4    Daughtridge, J.V.5
  • 15
    • 0035320660 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Occurrence and diversity of tetracycline resistance genes in lagoons and groundwater underlying two swine production facilities
    • Chee-Sanford JC, Aminov RI, Krapac IJ, Garrigues-Jeanjean N, Mackie RI. Occurrence and diversity of tetracycline resistance genes in lagoons and groundwater underlying two swine production facilities. Appl Environ Microbiol. 2001;67:1494-1502
    • (2001) Appl Environ Microbiol , vol.67 , pp. 1494-1502
    • Chee-Sanford, J.C.1    Aminov, R.I.2    Krapac, I.J.3    Garrigues-Jeanjean, N.4    Mackie, R.I.5
  • 16
    • 0032694976 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Food-related illness and death in the United States
    • Mead PS, Slutsker L, Dietz V, et al. Food-related illness and death in the United States. Emerg Infect Dis. 1999;5:607- 625. Available at: www.cdc.gov/ncidod/EID/vol5no5/pdf/mead.pdf. Accessed September 30, 2003
    • (1999) Emerg Infect Dis , vol.5 , pp. 607-625
    • Mead, P.S.1    Slutsker, L.2    Dietz, V.3
  • 19
    • 0000268946 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Antimicrobial resistance in animals and relevance to human infections
    • Nachamkin I, Blaser MJ, eds. Washington, DC: ASM Press
    • Smith KE, Bender JB, Osterholm MT. Antimicrobial resistance in animals and relevance to human infections. In: Nachamkin I, Blaser MJ, eds. Campylobacter. 2nd ed. Washington, DC: ASM Press; 2000:483-495
    • (2000) Campylobacter. 2nd Ed. , pp. 483-495
    • Smith, K.E.1    Bender, J.B.2    Osterholm, M.T.3
  • 20
    • 0035108778 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Quinolone and macrolide resistance in Campylobacter jejuni and C coli: Resistance mechanisms and trends in human isolates
    • Engberg J, Aarestrup FM, Taylor DE, Gerner-Smidt P, Nachamkin I. Quinolone and macrolide resistance in Campylobacter jejuni and C coli: resistance mechanisms and trends in human isolates. Emerg Infect Dis. 2001;7:24-34
    • (2001) Emerg Infect Dis , vol.7 , pp. 24-34
    • Engberg, J.1    Aarestrup, F.M.2    Taylor, D.E.3    Gerner-Smidt, P.4    Nachamkin, I.5
  • 21
    • 0034883929 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Antimicrobial susceptibilities of Campylobacter strains isolated from food animals in Belgium
    • Van Looveren M, Daube G, De Zutter L, et al. Antimicrobial susceptibilities of Campylobacter strains isolated from food animals in Belgium. J Antimicrob Chemother. 2001;48:235-240
    • (2001) J Antimicrob Chemother , vol.48 , pp. 235-240
    • Van Looveren, M.1    Daube, G.2    De Zutter, L.3
  • 23
    • 0009424793 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • High prevalence of fluoroquinolone-resistant Campylobacter jejuni in the FoodNet sites: A hazard in the food supply
    • July 16 -17; Atlanta, GA
    • Rossiter S, Joyce K, Benson M, et al. High prevalence of fluoroquinolone-resistant Campylobacter jejuni in the FoodNet sites: a hazard in the food supply.Presented at the 2nd International Conference on Emerging Infectious Diseases; July 16 -17, 2000; Atlanta, GA. Available at: www.cdc.gov/narms/pub/presentations/2000/rossiter_s_2.htm. Accessed September 30, 2003
    • (2000) 2nd International Conference on Emerging Infectious Diseases
    • Rossiter, S.1    Joyce, K.2    Benson, M.3
  • 24
    • 0012439169 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • High prevalence of antimicrobialresistant, including fluoroquinolone- resistant, Campylobacter on chicken in US grocery stores
    • May; Los Angeles, CA
    • Rossiter S, Joyce K, Benson J, et al. High prevalence of antimicrobialresistant, including fluoroquinolone-resistant, Campylobacter on chicken in US grocery stores. Presented at the American Society for Microbiology 100th General Meeting; May 2000; Los Angeles, CA. Available at: www.cdc.gov/narms/pub/presentations/asm/2000/rossiter_s_3.htm. Accessed September 30, 2003
    • (2000) American Society for Microbiology 100th General Meeting
    • Rossiter, S.1    Joyce, K.2    Benson, J.3
  • 25
    • 0012440210 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Fluoroquinolone-resistant Campylobacter causes longer duration of diarrhea than fluoroquinolonesusceptible Campylobacter strains in FoodNet sites
    • July; Atlanta, GA.
    • Marano N, Vugia D, Fiorentine T, et al. Fluoroquinolone-resistant Campylobacter causes longer duration of diarrhea than fluoroquinolonesusceptible Campylobacter strains in FoodNet sites. Presented at the 2nd International Conference on Emerging Infectious Diseases; July 2000; Atlanta, GA. Available at: www.cdc.gov/narms/pub/presentations/2000/marano_n_3.htm. Accessed September 30, 2003
    • (2000) 2nd International Conference on Emerging Infectious Diseases
    • Marano, N.1    Vugia, D.2    Fiorentine, T.3
  • 26
    • 0034722952 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Emergence of domestically acquired ceftriaxone-resistant Salmonella infections associated with AmpC betalactamase
    • Dunne EF, Fey PD, Kludt P, et al. Emergence of domestically acquired ceftriaxone-resistant Salmonella infections associated with AmpC betalactamase. JAMA. 2000;284:3151-3156
    • (2000) JAMA , vol.284 , pp. 3151-3156
    • Dunne, E.F.1    Fey, P.D.2    Kludt, P.3
  • 29
    • 0020623173 scopus 로고
    • Nosocomial outbreak caused by antibiotic-resistant strain of Salmonella typhimurium acquired from dairy cattle
    • Bezanson GS, Khakhria R, Bollegraaf E. Nosocomial outbreak caused by antibiotic-resistant strain of Salmonella typhimurium acquired from dairy cattle. Can Med Assoc J. 1983;128:426-427
    • (1983) Can Med Assoc J , vol.128 , pp. 426-427
    • Bezanson, G.S.1    Khakhria, R.2    Bollegraaf, E.3
  • 31
    • 0032493115 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Emergence of multidrug-resistant Salmonella enterica serotype Typhimurium DT104 infections in the United States
    • Glynn MK, Bopp C, Dewitt W, Dabney P, Mokhtar M, Angulo FJ. Emergence of multidrug-resistant Salmonella enterica serotype Typhimurium DT104 infections in the United States. N Engl J Med. 1998;338:1333-1338
    • (1998) N Engl J Med , vol.338 , pp. 1333-1338
    • Glynn, M.K.1    Bopp, C.2    Dewitt, W.3    Dabney, P.4    Mokhtar, M.5    Angulo, F.J.6
  • 32
    • 0033583705 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Two outbreaks of multidrugresistant Salmonella serotype Typhimurium DT104 infections linked to raw-milk cheese in northern California
    • Cody SH, Abbott SL, Marfin AA, et al. Two outbreaks of multidrugresistant Salmonella serotype Typhimurium DT104 infections linked to raw-milk cheese in northern California. JAMA. 1999;281:1805-1810
    • (1999) JAMA , vol.281 , pp. 1805-1810
    • Cody, S.H.1    Abbott, S.L.2    Marfin, A.A.3
  • 33
    • 0033583738 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Investigation of multidrugresistant Salmonella serotype Typhimurium DT104 infections linked to raw-milk cheese in Washington State
    • Villar RG, Macek MD, Simons S, et al. Investigation of multidrugresistant Salmonella serotype Typhimurium DT104 infections linked to raw-milk cheese in Washington State. JAMA. 1999;281:1811-1816
    • (1999) JAMA , vol.281 , pp. 1811-1816
    • Villar, R.G.1    Macek, M.D.2    Simons, S.3
  • 34
    • 0033523872 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • An outbreak of multidrug-resistant, quinolone-resistant Salmonella enterica serotype Typhimurium DT104
    • Molbak K, Baggesen DL, Aarestrup FM, et al. An outbreak of multidrug-resistant, quinolone-resistant Salmonella enterica serotype Typhimurium DT104. N Engl J Med. 1999;341:1420-1425
    • (1999) N Engl J Med , vol.341 , pp. 1420-1425
    • Molbak, K.1    Baggesen, D.L.2    Aarestrup, F.M.3
  • 35
    • 0034720239 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ceftriaxone-resistant Salmonella infection acquired by a child from cattle
    • Fey PD, Safranek TJ, Rupp ME, et al. Ceftriaxone-resistant Salmonella infection acquired by a child from cattle. N Engl J Med. 2000;342:1242-1249
    • (2000) N Engl J Med , vol.342 , pp. 1242-1249
    • Fey, P.D.1    Safranek, T.J.2    Rupp, M.E.3
  • 36
    • 27444441551 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Emerging resistance to clinically important antimicrobial agents among human Salmonella isolates in the United States, 1996-1999
    • September Toronto, Ontario, Canada
    • Stamey K, Baker R, Root T, et al. Emerging resistance to clinically important antimicrobial agents among human Salmonella isolates in the United States, 1996-1999. 40th Interscience Conference on Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy; September 2000; Toronto, Ontario, Canada. Available at: www.cdc.gov/narms/pub/presentations/icaac/2000/Stamey_k.htm. Accessed September 30, 2003
    • (2000) 40th Interscience Conference on Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy
    • Stamey, K.1    Baker, R.2    Root, T.3
  • 37
    • 0035653253 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prevalence of Campylobacter spp., Escherichia coli, and Salmonella serovars in retail chicken, turkey, pork, and beef from the Greater Washington, D.C., area
    • Zhao C, Ge B, De Villena J, et al. Prevalence of Campylobacter spp., Escherichia coli, and Salmonella serovars in retail chicken, turkey, pork, and beef from the Greater Washington, D.C., area. Appl Environ Microbiol. 2001;67:5431-5436
    • (2001) Appl Environ Microbiol , vol.67 , pp. 5431-5436
    • Zhao, C.1    Ge, B.2    De Villena, J.3
  • 38
    • 0035909661 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The isolation of antibiotic-resistant Salmonella from retail ground meats
    • White DG, Zhao S, Sudler R, et al. The isolation of antibiotic-resistant Salmonella from retail ground meats. N Engl J Med. 2001;345:1147-1154
    • (2001) N Engl J Med , vol.345 , pp. 1147-1154
    • White, D.G.1    Zhao, S.2    Sudler, R.3
  • 39
    • 0033111016 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Nosocomial infections in pediatric intensive care units in the United States
    • Richards MJ, Edwards JR, Culver DH, Gaynes RP, National Nosocomial Infections Surveillance System. Nosocomial infections in pediatric intensive care units in the United States. Pediatrics. 1999;103(4). Available at: www.pediatrics.org/cgi/content/full/103/4/e39
    • (1999) Pediatrics , vol.103 , Issue.4
    • Richards, M.J.1    Edwards, J.R.2    Culver, D.H.3    Gaynes, R.P.4
  • 40
    • 0034124515 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Experience of vancomycin-resistant enterococci in a children's hospital
    • Gray JW, George RH. Experience of vancomycin-resistant enterococci in a children's hospital. J Hosp Infect. 2000;45:11-18
    • (2000) J Hosp Infect , vol.45 , pp. 11-18
    • Gray, J.W.1    George, R.H.2
  • 41
    • 0031894641 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • An investigation of vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecium within the pediatric service of a large urban medical center
    • McNeeley DF, Brown AE, Noel GJ, Chung M, DeLencastre H. An investigation of vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecium within the pediatric service of a large urban medical center. Pediatr Infect Dis J. 1998;17:184-188
    • (1998) Pediatr Infect Dis J , vol.17 , pp. 184-188
    • McNeeley, D.F.1    Brown, A.E.2    Noel, G.J.3    Chung, M.4    DeLencastre, H.5
  • 42
    • 0032130468 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Spread of vancomycin-resistant enterococci: Why did it happen in the United States?
    • Martone WJ. Spread of vancomycin-resistant enterococci: why did it happen in the United States? Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol. 1998;19:539-545
    • (1998) Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol , vol.19 , pp. 539-545
    • Martone, W.J.1
  • 43
    • 0031724523 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Historical yearly usage of glycopeptides for animals and humans: The American-European paradox revisited
    • Wegener HC. Historical yearly usage of glycopeptides for animals and humans: the American-European paradox revisited [letter]. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 1998;42:3049
    • (1998) Antimicrob Agents Chemother , vol.42 , pp. 3049
    • Wegener, H.C.1
  • 44
    • 0029361860 scopus 로고
    • Occurrence of glycopeptide resistance among Enterococcus faecium isolates from conventional and ecological poultry farms
    • Aarestrup FM. Occurrence of glycopeptide resistance among Enterococcus faecium isolates from conventional and ecological poultry farms. Microb Drug Resist. 1995;1:255-257
    • (1995) Microb Drug Resist , vol.1 , pp. 255-257
    • Aarestrup, F.M.1
  • 45
    • 0029843861 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Glycopeptide susceptibility among Danish Enterococcus faecium and Enterococcus faecalis isolated from animal and human origin and PCR identification of genes within the VanA cluster
    • Aarestrup FM, Aherns P, Madsen M, Paleesen LV, Poulsen RL, Westin H. Glycopeptide susceptibility among Danish Enterococcus faecium and Enterococcus faecalis isolated from animal and human origin and PCR identification of genes within the VanA cluster. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 1996;40:1938-1940
    • (1996) Antimicrob Agents Chemother , vol.40 , pp. 1938-1940
    • Aarestrup, F.M.1    Aherns, P.2    Madsen, M.3    Paleesen, L.V.4    Poulsen, R.L.5    Westin, H.6
  • 46
    • 0031916687 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Epidemiologic evaluation of antimicrobial resistance in community-acquired enterococci
    • Silverman J, Thal LA, Perri MB, Bostic G, Zervox MJ. Epidemiologic evaluation of antimicrobial resistance in community-acquired enterococci. J Clin Microbiol. 1998;36:830-832
    • (1998) J Clin Microbiol , vol.36 , pp. 830-832
    • Silverman, J.1    Thal, L.A.2    Perri, M.B.3    Bostic, G.4    Zervox, M.J.5
  • 47
    • 0030015002 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Influence of oral glycopeptides on the fecal flora of human volunteers: Selection of highly glycopeptide-resistant enterococci
    • Van der Auwera P, Pensart N, Korten V, Murray BE, Leclercq R. Influence of oral glycopeptides on the fecal flora of human volunteers: selection of highly glycopeptide-resistant enterococci. J Infect Dis. 1996;173:1129-1136
    • (1996) J Infect Dis , vol.173 , pp. 1129-1136
    • Van Der Auwera, P.1    Pensart, N.2    Korten, V.3    Murray, B.E.4    Leclercq, R.5
  • 48
    • 0031684614 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Difference in the occurrence of two base pair variants of Tn1546 from vancomycin-resistant enterococci from humans, pigs, and poultry
    • Jensen LB. Difference in the occurrence of two base pair variants of Tn1546 from vancomycin-resistant enterococci from humans, pigs, and poultry [letter]. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 1998;42:2463-2464
    • (1998) Antimicrob Agents Chemother , vol.42 , pp. 2463-2464
    • Jensen, L.B.1
  • 49
    • 0027228281 scopus 로고
    • Evidence for an animal origin of vancomycin-resistant enterococci
    • Bates J, Jordens Z, Selkon JB. Evidence for an animal origin of vancomycin-resistant enterococci [letter]. Lancet. 1993;342:490-491
    • (1993) Lancet , vol.342 , pp. 490-491
    • Bates, J.1    Jordens, Z.2    Selkon, J.B.3
  • 50
    • 0028149741 scopus 로고
    • Farm animals as a putative reservoir for vancomycin-resistant enterococcal infections in man
    • Bates J, Jordens JZ, Griffiths DT. Farm animals as a putative reservoir for vancomycin-resistant enterococcal infections in man. J Antimicrob Chemother. 1994;34:507-514
    • (1994) J Antimicrob Chemother , vol.34 , pp. 507-514
    • Bates, J.1    Jordens, J.Z.2    Griffiths, D.T.3
  • 51
    • 0029361772 scopus 로고
    • Enterococcus faecium strains with vanAmediated high-level glycopeptide resistance isolated from animal foodstuffs and fecal samples of humans in the community
    • Klare I, Heier H, Claus H, et al. Enterococcus faecium strains with vanAmediated high-level glycopeptide resistance isolated from animal foodstuffs and fecal samples of humans in the community. Microb Drug Resist. 1995;1:265-272
    • (1995) Microb Drug Resist , vol.1 , pp. 265-272
    • Klare, I.1    Heier, H.2    Claus, H.3
  • 52
    • 0033584881 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Quinupristin/dalfopristin
    • Quinupristin/dalfopristin. Med Lett Drugs Ther. 1999;41:109-110
    • (1999) Med Lett Drugs Ther , vol.41 , pp. 109-110
  • 53
    • 0031916654 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Antimicrobial resistance in enterococci isolated from turkey flocks fed virginiamycin
    • Welton LA, Thal LA, Perri MB, et al. Antimicrobial resistance in enterococci isolated from turkey flocks fed virginiamycin. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 1998;42:705-708
    • (1998) Antimicrob Agents Chemother , vol.42 , pp. 705-708
    • Welton, L.A.1    Thal, L.A.2    Perri, M.B.3
  • 54
    • 0035909655 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Quinupristin-dalfopristinresistant Enterococcus faecium on chicken and in human stool specimens
    • McDonald LC, Rossiter S, Mackinson C, et al. Quinupristin- dalfopristinresistant Enterococcus faecium on chicken and in human stool specimens. N Engl J Med. 2001;345:1155-1160
    • (2001) N Engl J Med , vol.345 , pp. 1155-1160
    • McDonald, L.C.1    Rossiter, S.2    Mackinson, C.3
  • 55
    • 0035909653 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Transient intestinal carriage after ingestion of antibioticresistant Enterococcus Faecium from chicken and pork
    • Sorensen TL, Blom M, Monnet DL, Frimodt-Moller N, Poulsen RL, Espersen F. Transient intestinal carriage after ingestion of antibioticresistant Enterococcus Faecium from chicken and pork. N Engl J Med. 2001;345:1161-1166
    • (2001) N Engl J Med , vol.345 , pp. 1161-1166
    • Sorensen, T.L.1    Blom, M.2    Monnet, D.L.3    Frimodt-Moller, N.4    Poulsen, R.L.5    Espersen, F.6
  • 56
    • 0034781314 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The experience of reducing antibiotics used in animal production in the Nordic countries
    • Wierup M. The experience of reducing antibiotics used in animal production in the Nordic countries. Int J Antimicrob Agents. 2001;18:287-290
    • (2001) Int J Antimicrob Agents , vol.18 , pp. 287-290
    • Wierup, M.1
  • 57
    • 27444439458 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ministry of Agriculture, Food and Fisheries, Stockholm, Sweden. September
    • The Swedish Model of Animal Production. Ministry of Agriculture, Food and Fisheries, Stockholm, Sweden. September 1998. Available at: www.keepantibioticsworking.com/library/uploadedfiles/Swedish_ Model_of_Animal_Production_The.pdf. Accessed September 30, 2003
    • (1998) The Swedish Model of Animal Production


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.