Exploring the effects of single-member districts on an urban political system: A case study of Birmingham, Alabama

Urban Affairs Review

Volumn 33, Issue 2, 1997, Pages 287-297

  Haeberle, Steven H ^a,b  

^a UNIVERSITY OF ALABAMA AT BIRMINGHAM   (United States)

^b DUKE UNIVERSITY   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 1642629565     PISSN: 10780874     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1177/107808749703300208     Document Type: Article

References (26)

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3. _. 1993b. Incumbent Hinton, challengers trade visibility charges. The Birmingham News, 6 October, D1.
4. _. 1993c. Jefferson Citizens Coalition endorsed only black incumbents in council races. Birmingham News, 6 October, D1.
5. Demmons, D. 1989a. District 2 candidates trying to unglue labels. The Birmingham News, 3 October, 1B.
6. _. 1989b. District 3 veterans and novices running hard. The Birmingham News, 4 October, 1E.
7. _. 1989c. District 4 residents want a voice on council. The Birmingham News, 5 October, 1E.
8. _. 1989d. District 9 two incumbents in showdown race. The Birmingham News, 3 October, 1B.
9. Frieden, K. 1981. White groups meet to cast council slate. The Birningham News, 1 October, 5A.
10. _. 1983. Arrington wins second term as black turnout sets record. Birmingham News, 12 October, 1A.
11. Grofman, B., L. Handley, and R. G. Niemi. 1992. Minority representation and the guest for voting equality. New York: Cambridge Univ. Press.
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13. Judd, D. R., and T. Swanstrom. 1994. City politics: Private power and public policy. New York: HarperCollins.
14. Karnig, A. K. 1976. Black representation on city councils: The impact of district elections and socioeconomic factors. Urban Affairs Quarterly 12 (2): 223-42.
15. Karnig, A. K., and S. Welch. 1982. Electoral structure and black representation on city councils. Social Science Quarterly 63 (1): 99-114.
16. Lieske, J. 1989. The political dynamics of urban voting behavior. American Journal of Political Science 33 (1): 150-74.
17. Lorch, R. S. 1995. State and local politics: The great entanglement. 5th ed. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall.
18. Lyons, W. E., and M. E. Jewell. 1988. Minority representation and the drawing of city council districts. Urban Affairs Quarterly 23 (3): 432-47.
19. Polinard, J. L., R. D. Wrinkle, and T. Longoria, Jr. 1991. The impact of district elections on the Mexican American community: The electoral perspective. Social Science Quarterly 72 (3): 608-14.
20. Robinson, T., and T. R. Dye. 1978. Reformism and black representation on city councils. Social Science Quarterly 59 (1): 133-41.
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22. Voting on BFI. 1993. The Birmingham News, 9 October, 7A
23. Welch, S. 1990. The impact of at-large elections on the representation of blacks and Hispanics. Journal of Politics 52 (4): 1050-76.
24. Williams, R. 1993a. Candidates cite issues beyond dispute over BFI. The Birmingham News, 5 October, B6.
25. _. 1993b. Tuesday's council election hottest in recent years. The Birmingham News, 11 October, A6.
26. Zax, J. S. 1990. Election methods, black and Hispanic city council membership. Social Science Quarterly 71(2): 339-55.