Succession and Micro-elevation Effects on Seedling Establishment of Calophyllum brasiliense Camb. (Clusiaceae) in an Amazonian River Meander Forest

Biotropica

Volumn 35, Issue 4, 2003, Pages 462-471

  King, Rachel T ^a  

^a Department of Biology   (United States)

Author keywords

Calophyllum brasiliense; Cocha Cashu; Floodplain; Herbivory; Light transmittance; Manu National Park; Microhabitat; Peru; Recruitment; Succession

Indexed keywords

ELEVATION; HERBIVORY; LIGHT INTENSITY; MICROHABITAT; POPULATION DYNAMICS; RECRUITMENT; SEEDLING ESTABLISHMENT; SUCCESSION; TROPICAL FOREST;

MANU NATIONAL PARK; PERU; SOUTH AMERICA;

CALOPHYLLUM; CALOPHYLLUM ANTILLANUM; CALOPHYLLUM BRASILIENSE; CHANNA MELASOMA; CLUSIACEAE;

EID: 1642579564     PISSN: 00063606     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1111/j.1744-7429.2003.tb00603.x     Document Type: Article

References (56)

1. BASNET, K. 1992. Effect of topography on the pattern of trees in tabonuco (Dacryodes excelsa) dominated rain forest of Puerto Rico. Biotropica 24: 31-42.
2. BOUCHER, D. H., J. H. VANDERMEER, I. GRANZOW DE LA CERDA, M. A. MALLONA, I. PERFECTO, AND N. ZAMORA. 2001. Post-agriculture versus post-hurricane succession in southeastern Nicaraguan rain forest. Plant Ecol. 156: 131-137.
3. CHARLES-DOMINIQUE, P. 1986. Inter-relations between frugivorous vertebrates and pioneer plants: Cecropia, birds and bats in French Guyana. In A. Estrada and T. H. Fleming (Eds.). Frugivores and seed dispersal, pp. 119-135. Dr W. Junk, Dordrecht, The Netherlands.
4. CHAZDON, R. L., AND N. FETCHER. 1984. Photosynthetic light environments in a lowland tropical rain forest in Costa Rica. J. Ecol. 72: 553-564.
5. CINTRA, R., AND J. TERBORGH. 2000. Forest microspatial heterogeneity and seed and seedling survival of the palm Astrocaryum murumuru and the legume Dipteryx micrantha in an Amazonian forest. Ecotropica 6: 77-88.
6. CIPOLLINI, M. L., D. A. WALLACE-SENFT, AND D. F. WHIGHAM. 1994. A model of patch dynamics, seed dispersal, and sex ratio in the dioecious shrub Lindera benzoin (Lauraceae). J. Ecol. 82: 621-633.
7. CLARK, D. B., D. A. CLARK, AND J. M. READ. 1998. Edaphic variation and the mesoscale distribution of tree species in a Neotropical rain forest. J. Ecol. 86: 101-112.
8. CONNELL, J. H. 1971. On the role of natural enemies in preventing competitive exclusion in some marine animals and in rainforest trees. In P. J. den Boer and G. Gradwell (Eds.). Dynamics of populations, pp. 298-312. Centre for Agricultural Publishing and Documentation, Wageningen, The Netherlands.
9. DENSLOW, J. S. 1980. Gap partitioning among tropical rain forest trees. Biotropica 12(suppl.): 47-55.
10. DE STEVEN, D. 1991. Experiments on mechanisms of tree establishment in old-field succession: Seedling survival and growth. Ecology 72: 1076-1088.
11. DIRZO, R., C. C. HORVITZ, H. QUEVEDO, AND M. A. LÓPEZ. 1992. The effects of gap size and age on the understory herb community of a tropical Mexican rain forest. J. Ecol. 80: 809-822.
12. ERIKSSON, O. 1996. Regional dynamics of plants: A review of the evidence for remnant, source-sink and metapopulations. Oikos 77: 248-258.
13. FLEMING, T. H., AND E. R. HEITHAUS. 1981. Frugivorous bats, seed shadows, and the structure of tropical forests. Biotropica 13(suppl.): 45-53.
14. FOSTER, R. B, J. ARCE B., AND T. S. WACHTER. 1986. Dispersal and the sequential plant communities in Amazonian Peru floodplain. In A. Estrada and T. H. Fleming (Eds.). Frugivores and seed dispersal, pp. 357-370. Dr W. Junk, Dordrecht, The Netherlands.
15. FOSTER, R. B. 1987. Plantas del Parque Manu: 1987 checklist. Unpublished report.
16. _. 1990. Long-term change in the successional forest community of the Rio Manu floodplain. In A. Gentry (Ed.). Four Neotropical rainforests, pp. 565-572. Yale University Press, New Haven, Connecticut.
17. Fox, G. A. 2001. Failure-time analysis: Studying times to events and rates at which events occur. In S. M. Scheiner and J. Gurevitch (Eds.). Design and analysis of ecological experiments, pp. 235-265. Oxford University Press, New York, New York.
18. FRAZER, G. W., C. D. CANHAM, AND K. P. LERTZMAN. 1999. Gap light analyzer (GLA): User's manual and program documentation. Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia, and the Institute of Ecosystem Studies, Millbrook, New York.
19. GENTRY, A. H. 1993. A field guide to the families and genera of woody plants of Northwest South America, pp. 445-452. Conservation International, Washington, DC.
20. GORCHOV, D. L., F. CORNEJO, C. ASCORRA, AND M. JARAMILLO. 1993. The role of seed dispersal in the natural regeneration of rain forest after strip-cutting in the Peruvian Amazon. In T. H. Fleming and A. Estrada (Eds.). Frugivory and seed dispersal: ecological and evolutionary aspects, pp. 339-349. Kluwer Academic, Dordretch, The Netherlands.
21. GUARIGUATA, M. R., R. L. CHAZDON, J. S. DENSLOW, J. M. DUPUY, AND L. ANDERSON. 1997. Structure and floristics of secondary and old-growth forest stands in lowland Costa Rica. Plant Ecol. 132: 107-120.
22. _, AND R. OSTERTAG. 2001. Neotropical secondary forest succession: Changes in structural and functional characteristics. For. Ecol. Manage. 148: 185-206.
23. HENDERSON, P. A., W. D. HAMILTON, AND W. G. R. CRAMPTON. 1998. Evolution and diversity in Amazonian floodplain communities. In D. M. Newberry, H. H. T. Prins, and N. D. Brown (Eds.). Dynamics of tropical communities, pp. 385-419. Blackwell Science, Oxford, England.
24. HOLDRIDGE, L. R. 1967. Life zone ecology, revised edition. Tropical Science Center, San Jose, Costa Rica.
25. HORVITZ, C. C., M. A. PIZO, B. BELLO Y BELLO, J. LECORFF, AND R. DIRZO. 2002. Are plant species that need gaps for recruitment more attractive to seed-dispersing birds and ants than other species? In D. J. Levey, W. R. Silva, and M. Galetti (Eds.). Seed dispersal and frugivory: Ecology, evolution and conservation, pp. 145-160. CAB International, Oxon, England.
26. _, AND D. W. SCHEMSKE. 1986. Dispersal and environmental heterogeneity in a Neotropical herb: A model of population and patch dynamics. In A. Estrada and T. H. Fleming (Eds.). Frugivores and seed dispersal, pp. 169-186. Dr W Junk, Dordrecht, The Netherlands.
27. _, AND _. 1994. Effects of dispersers, gaps, and predators on dormancy and seedling emergence in a tropical herb. Ecology 75: 1949-1958.
28. HOWE, H. F., E. W. SCHUPP, AND L. C. WESTLEY. 1985. Early consequences of seed dispersal for a Neotropical tree (Virola surinamensis). Ecology 66: 781-791.
29. JANSON, C. H., AND L. H. EMMONS. 1990. Ecological structure of the nonflying mammal community at Cocha Cashu Biological Station, Manu National Park, Peru. In A. Gentry (Ed.). Four Neotropical rainforests, pp. 314-338. Yale University Press, New Haven, Connecticut.
30. JANZEN, D. H. 1970. Herbivores and the number of tree species in tropical forests. Am. Nat. 104: 501-528.
31. JONES, R. H., R. R. SHARITZ, P. M. DIXON, D. S. SEGAL, AND R. L. SCHNEIDER. 1994. Woody plant regeneration in four floodplain forests. Ecol. Monogr. 64: 345-367.
32. KALLIOLA, R., J. SALO, M. PUHAKKA, AND M. RAJASILTA. 1991. New site formation and colonizing vegetation in primary succession on the Western Amazon floodplains. J. Ecol. 79: 877-901.
33. KING, R. T. 2003. Seed dispersal by bats and the population dynamics of a canopy tree, Calophyllum brasiliense (Clusiaceae), in an Amazonian river meander forest. Ph.D. dissertation. University of Miami, Coral Gables, Florida.
34. LE CORFF, J. 1996. Establishment of chasmogamous and cleistogamous seedlings of an ant-dispersed understory herb, Calathea micans (Marantaceae). Am. J. Bot. 83: 155-161.
35. LIANG, S. Y., AND S. W. SEAGLE. 2002. Browsing and microhabitat effects on riparian forest woody seedling demography. Ecology 83: 212-227.
36. LIEBERMAN, M., D. LIEBERMAN, G. S. HARTSHORN, AND R. PERALTA. 1985. Small-scale altitudinal variation in lowland wet tropical forest vegetation. J. Ecol. 73: 505-516.
37. LOSOS, E. 1995. Habitat specificity of two palm species: Experimental transplantation in Amazonian successional forests. Ecology 76: 2595-2606.
38. MANSON, R. H., R. S. OSTFELD, AND C. D. CANHAM. 2001. Long-term effects of rodent herbivores on tree invasion dynamics along forest-field edges. Ecology 82: 3320-3329.
39. MARTÍNEZ-RAMOS, M., AND E. ALVAREZ-BUYLLA. 1986. Seed dispersal, gap dynamics and tree recruitment: The case of Cecropia obtusifolia at Los Tuxtlas, Mexico. In A. Estrada and T. H. Fleming (Eds.). Frugivores and seed dispersal, pp. 333-346. Dr W. Junk, Dordrecht, The Netherlands.
40. MESQUITA, R. C. G., K. ICKES, G. GANADE, AND G. B. WILLIAMSON. 2001. Alternative successional pathways in the Amazon basin. J. Ecol. 89: 528-537.
41. MURRAY, K. G. 1988. Avian seed dispersal of three Neotropical gap-dependent plants. Ecol. Monogr. 58: 271-298.
42. NICHOLS, D., Y E. GONZALEZ. 1992. Especies nátivas y exóticas para la reforestación en la zona sur de Costa Rica: Memoria del II encuentro sobre especies forestales. Organización para Estudios Tropicales, San José, Costa Rica.
43. PACHECO, M. A. W. 2001. Effects of flooding and herbivores on variation in recruitment of palms between habitats. J. Ecol. 89: 358-366.
44. RICH, P. M., D. B. CLARK, D. A. CLARK, AND S. F. OBERBAUER. 1993. Long-term study of solar radiation regimes in a tropical wet forest using quantum sensors and hemispherical photography. Agric. For. Meteorol. 65: 107-127.
45. SALO, J., R. KALLIOLA, I. HAKKINEN, Y. MAKINEN, P. NIEMELA, M. PUHAKKA, AND P. COLEY. 1986. River dynamics and the diversity of Amazon lowland forest. Nature 322: 254-258.
46. SAS. 1999. SAS system for Windows V8. SAS Institute, Cary, North Carolina.
47. SCHUPP, E. W. 1988. Seed and early seedling predation in the forest understory and in treefall gaps. Oikos 51: 71-78.
48. _. 1993. Quantity, quality and the effectiveness of seed dispersal by animals. In T. H. Fleming and A. Estrada (Eds.). Frugivory and seed dispersal: Ecological and evolutionary aspects, pp. 15-29. Kluwer Academic, Dordrecht, The Netherlands.
49. SOKAL, R. R., AND F. J. ROHLF. 1995. Biometry, 3rd edition. W. H. Freeman, New York, New York.
50. SORK, V. L. 1987. Effects of predation and light on seedling establishment in Gustavia superba. Ecology 68: 1341-1350.
51. SVENNING, J. C. 1999. Microhabitat specialization in a species-rich palm community in Amazonian Ecuador. J. Ecol. 87: 55-65.
52. TERBORGH, J. 1990. An overview of research at Cocha Cashu Biological Station. In A. Gentry (Ed.). Four Neotropical rainforests, pp. 48-59. Yale University Press, New Haven, Connecticut.
53. _, AND K. PETREN. 1991. Development of habitat structure through succession in an Amazonian floodplain forest. In S. S. Bell, E. D. McCoy, and H. R. Mushinsky (Eds.). Habitat structure: The physical arrangement of objects in space, pp. 28-46. Chapman and Hall, London, England.
54. WALKER, L. R., D. J. ZARIN, N. FETCHER, R. W. MYSTER, AND A. H. JOHNSON. 1996. Ecosystem development and plant succession on landslides in the Caribbean. Biotropica 28: 566-576.
55. YIH, K., D. H. BOUCHER, J. H. VANDERMEER, AND N. ZAMORA. 1991. Recovery of the rain forest of southeastern Nicaragua after destruction by Hurricane Joan. Biotropica 23: 106-113.
56. ZAR, J. H. 1999. Biostatistical analysis, 4th edition. Prentice-Hall, Inc., Upper Saddle River, New Jersey.