The role of transesophageal echocardiography in atrial fibrillation

Cardiology Clinics

Volumn 22, Issue 1, 2004, Pages 113-126

  Isbell, David C ^a   Dent, John M ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF VIRGINIA HEALTH SYSTEM   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ANTICOAGULANT AGENT; HEPARIN; LOW MOLECULAR WEIGHT HEPARIN; THROMBIN INHIBITOR; WARFARIN;

CARDIOVERSION; CLINICAL TRIAL; DIAGNOSTIC ACCURACY; DIAGNOSTIC PROCEDURE; DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS; EMBOLISM; HEART ATRIUM FIBRILLATION; HEART ATRIUM THROMBOSIS; HEART EJECTION FRACTION; HUMAN; INTERMETHOD COMPARISON; PRIORITY JOURNAL; REVIEW; SAFETY; SCREENING; SINUS RHYTHM; TRANSESOPHAGEAL ECHOCARDIOGRAPHY; TRANSTHORACIC ECHOCARDIOGRAPHY;

EID: 1642518214     PISSN: 07338651     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/S0733-8651(03)00120-6     Document Type: Review

References (57)

1. Ryder K.M., Benjamin E.J. Epidemiology and significance of atrial fibrillation. Am J Cardiol. 84:1999;131R-138R.
2. Tsang T.S., Petty G.W., Barnes M.E., et al. The prevalence of atrial fibrillation in incident stroke cases and matched population controls in Rochester, Minnesota: changes over three decades. J Am Coll Cardiol. 42:(1):2003;93-100.
3. Dent J.M. Role of echocardiography in the evaluation and management of atrial fibrillation. Cardiol Clin. 14:(4):1996;543-553.
4. Fuster V., Ryden L.E., Asinger R.W., et al., American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines, European Society of Cardiology Committee for Practice Guidelines, Policy Conferences (Committee to Develop Guidelines for the Management of Patients With Atrial Fibrillation), North American Society of Pacing and Electrophysiology. ACC/AHA/ESC guidelines for the management of patients with atrial fibrillation: executive summary. A report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines and the European Society of Cardiology Committee for Practice Guidelines and Policy Conferences (Committee to Develop Guidelines for the Management of Patients With Atrial Fibrillation). Developed in collaboration with the North American Society of Pacing and Electrophysiology. Circulation. 104:(17):2001;2118-2150.
5. Anonymous. Echocardiographic predictors of stroke in patients with atrial fibrillation: a prospective study of 1066 patients from three clinical trials. Arch Intern Med. 158:(12):1998;1316-1320.
6. Anonymous. Predictors of thromboembolism in atrial fibrillation: II. Echocardiographic features of patients at risk. The Stroke Prevention in Atrial Fibrillation Investigators . Ann Intern Med. 116:(1):1992;6-12.
7. Daniel W.G., Erbel R., Kasper W., et al. Safety of transesophageal echocardiography: a multi-center survey of 10,419 examinations. Circulation. 83:1991;817-821.
8. Ashenberg W., Schluter M., Kremer P., et al. Transesophageal two-dimensional echocardiography for the detection of left atrial appendage thrombus. J Am Coll Cardiol. 7:1986;163-166.
9. Klein A.L., Murray R.D., Grimm R.A. Role of transesophageal echocardiography-guided cardioversion of patients with atrial fibrillation. J Am Coll Cardiol. 37:(3):2001;691-704.
10. Veinot J.P., Harrity P.J., Gentile F., et al. Anatomy of the normal left atrial appendage: a quantitative study of age-related changes in 500 autopsy hearts: implications for echocardiographic examination. Circulation. 96:(9):1997;3112-3115.
11. Silverman D.I., Manning W.J. Role of echocardiography in patients undergoing elective cardioversion of atrial fibrillation. Circulation. 98:1998;479-486.
12. Agmon Y., Khandheria B.K., Gentile F., et al. Echocardiographic assessment of the left atrial appendage. J Am Coll Cardiol. 34:(7):1999;1867- 1877.
13. Garcia-Fernandez M.A., Torrecilla E.G., Sanroman D., et al. Left atrial appendage doppler flow patterns: implications on thrombus formation. Am Heart J. 124:(4):1992;955-961.
14. Fatkin D., Kelly R.P., Feneley M.P. Relations between left atrial appendage blood flow velocity, spontaneous echocardiographic contrast and thromboembolic risk in vivo. J Am Coll Cardiol. 23:(4):1994;961-969.
15. Zabalgoitia M., Halperin J.L., Pearce L.A., et al. Transesophageal echocardiographic correlates of clinical risk of thromboembolism in nonvalvular atrial fibrillation. Stroke Prevention in Atrial Fibrillation III Investigators. J Am Coll Cardiol. 31:(7):1998;1622-1626.
16. Valocik G., Kamp O., Mihciokur M., et al. Assessment of the left atrial appendage mechanical function by three-dimensional echocardiography. Eur J Echocardiogr. 3:(3):2002;207-213.
17. Asinger R.W., Koehler J., Pearce L.A., et al. Pathophysiologic correlates of thromboembolism in nonvalvular AF: II. Dense spontaneous echo-contrast . J Am Soc Echocardiogr. 12:2000;1088-1095.
18. Wang X.F., Liu L., Cheng T.O., et al. The relationship between intracardiovascular smoke-like echo and erythrocyte rouleaux formation. Am Heart J. 124:(4):1992;961-965.
19. Black I.W., Chesterman C.N., Hopkins A.P., et al. Hematologic correlates of left atrial spontaneous echo contrast and thromboembolism in nonvalvular atrial fibrillation. J Am Coll Cardiol. 21:(2):1993;451-457.
20. Leung D.Y., Black I.W., Cranney G.B., et al. Prognostic implications of left atrial spontaneous echo contrast in nonvalvular atrial fibrillation. J Am Coll Cardiol. 24:(3):1994;755-762.
21. Stollberger C., Chnupa P., Kronik G., et al. Transesophageal echocardiography to assess embolic risk in patients with atrial fibrillation. ELAT Study Group. Embolism in left atrial thrombi. Ann Intern Med. 128:(8):1998;630-638.
22. Nakagami H., Yamamoto K., Ikeda U., et al. Mitral regurgitation reduces the risk of stroke in patients with nonrheumatic atrial fibrillation. Am Heart J. 136:(3):1998;528-532.
23. Hwang J.J., Shyu K.G., Hsu K.L., et al. Significant mitral regurgitation is protective against left atrial spontaneous echo contrast formation, but not against systemic embolism. Chest. 106:1994;8-12.
24. Fisher E.A., Shinde T., Rosenthal M., et al. Mitral regurgitation is protective against left atrial but not appendageal thrombi. J Am Soc Echocardiogr. 7:1994;S48.
25. Wanishsawad C., Roongsritong C., Sitthi-Amorn C., et al. Spontaneous echo contrast on transthoracic echocardiography and left atrial thrombus in rheumatic mitral valve disease patients: a clinicopathologic study. Clin Cardiol. 17:(10):1994;547-551.
26. Agmon Y., Khandheria B.K., Meissner I., et al. Relation of coronary artery disease and cerebrovascular disease with atherosclerosis of the thoracic aorta in the general population. Am J Cardiol. 89:(3):2002;262-267.
27. Iribarren C., Sidney S., Sternfeld B., et al. Calcification of the aortic arch: risk factors and association with coronary heart disease, stroke, and peripheral vascular disease. JAMA. 283:(21):2000;2810-2815.
28. Hart R.G., Halperin J.L. Atrial fibrillation and thromboembolism: a decade of progress in stroke prevention. Ann Intern Med. 131:(9):1999;688-695.
29. Blackshear J.L., Pearce L.A., Hart R.G., et al. Aortic plaque in atrial fibrillation: prevalence, predictors, and thromboembolic implications. Stroke. 30:(4):1999;834-840.
30. Finkelhor R.S., Youssefi M.E., Lamont W.E., et al. Embolic risk-based on aortic atherosclerotic morphologic features and aortic spontaneous echocardiographic contrast. Am Heart J. 137:(6):1999;1088-1093.
31. Dressler F.A., Craig W.R., Castello R., et al. Mobile aortic atheroma and systemic emboli: efficacy of anticoagulation and influence of plaque morphology on recurrent stroke. J Am Coll Cardiol. 31:(1):1998;134-138.
32. Labovitz A.J. Evolving role of echocardiography in the management of atrial fibrillation. AHJ. 141:(4):2001;518-527.
33. Manning W.J., Silverman D.I., Keighley C.S., et al. Transesophageal echocardiographically facilitated early cardioversion from atrial fibrillation using short-term anticoagulation: final results of a prospective 4.5-year study. J Am Coll Cardiol. 25:(6):1995;1354-1361.
34. Albers G.W., Dalen J.E., Laupacis A., et al. Antithrombotic therapy in atrial fibrillation. Chest. 119:(Suppl 1):2001;194S-206S.
35. Goldman M.J. The management of chronic atrial fibrillation. Prog Cardiovasc Dis. 2:1960;465-479.
36. Manning W.J., Silverman D.I., Katz S.E., et al. Impaired left atrial mechanical function after cardioversion: relation to the duration of atrial fibrillation. J Am Coll Cardiol. 23:(7):1994;1535-1540.
37. Corrado G., Tadeo G., Beretta S., et al. Atrial thrombi resolution after prolonged anticoagulation in patients with atrial fibrillation: a transesophageal echocardiographic study. Chest. 115:1999;140-143.
38. Jaber W.A., Prior D.L., Thamilarasan M., et al. Efficacy of anticoagulation in resolving left atrial and left atrial appendage thrombi: a transesophageal echocardiographic study. Am Heart J. 140:(1):2000;150-156.
39. Seidl K., Rameken M., Drogemuller A., et al. Embolic events in patients with atrial fibrillation and effective anticoagulation: value of transesophageal echocardiography to guide direct current cardioversion. Final results of the Ludwigshafen Observational Cardioversion Study. J Am Coll Cardiol. 39:(9):2002;1436-1442.
40. Bjeerkelund C., Orning O. The efficacy of anticoagulant therapy in preventing thromboembolism related to dc electrical cardioversion of atrial fibrillation. Am J Cardiol. 23:1969;208-216.
41. Black I.W., Fatkin D., Sagar K.B., et al. Exclusion of atrial thrombus by transesophageal echocardiography does not preclude embolism after cardioversion of atrial fibrillation. A multi-center study. Circulation. 89:(6):1994;2509-2513.
42. Fatkin D., Kuchar D.L., Thorburn C.W., et al. Transesophageal echocardiography before and during direct current cardioversion of atrial fibrillation: evidence for atrial stunning as a mechanism of thromboembolic complications. J Am Coll Cardiol. 23:1994;307-316.
43. Anonymous. Transesophageal echocardiographic correlates of thromboembolism in high-risk patients with nonvalvular atrial fibrillation. The Stroke Prevention in Atrial Fibrillation Investigators Committee on Echocardiography. Ann Intern Med. 128:(8):1998;639-647.
44. Braunwald E. Hemodynamic significance of atrial systole. Am J Med. 37:1964;665.
45. Malouf J.F., Ammash N.M., Chandrasekaran K., et al. Critical appraisal of transesophageal echocardiography in cardioversion of atrial fibrillation. Am J Med. 113:(7):2002;587-595.
46. Laupacis A., Albers G., Dunn M., et al. Antithrombotic therapy in atrial fibrillation. Consensus Development Conference. Chest. 102:(Suppl 4):1992;426S-433S.
47. Schlicht J.R., Davis R.C., Naqi K., et al. Physician practices regarding anticoagulation and cardioversion of atrial fibrillation. Arch Intern Med. 156:(3):1996;290-294.
48. Klein A.L., Grimm R.A., Murray R.D., et al. Assessment of Cardioversion using transesophageal echocardiography. Use of transesophageal echocardiography to guide cardioversion in patients with atrial fibrillation. N Engl J Med. 344:(19):2001;1411-1420.
49. Devereaux P.J., Yusuf S. Transesophageal echocardiography to guide cardioversion in patients with atrial fibrillation. N Engl J Med. 345:(11):2001;837-839.
50. The Atrial Fibrillation Follow-up Investigation of Rhythm Management (AFFIRM) Investigators. A comparison of rate control and rhythm control in patients with atrial fibrillation. N Engl J Med. 347:2002;1825-1833.
51. Bechtold H., Gunzenhauser D., Sawitzki H., et al. Anticoagulation with the low molecular weight heparin dalteparin (Fragmin [R]) in atrial fibrillation and TEE-guided cardioversion. Z Kardiol. 92:(7):2003;532-539.
52. Roijer A., Eskilsson J., Olsson B., et al. Transesophageal echocardiography-guided cardioversion of atrial fibrillation or flutter. Selection of a low-risk group for immediate cardioversion. Eur Heart J. 21:(10):2000;837-847.
53. Stellbrink C., Hanrath P., Nixdorff U., et al. Low molecular weight heparin for prevention of thromboembolic complications in cardioversion - rationale and design of the ACE study. Z Kardiol. 91:2002;249-254.
54. nd Annual Scientific Session of the American College of Cardiology. 2003;1015-1016.
55. Hohnloser S.H., Kuck K.H., Lilienthal J., et al. Rhythm or rate control in atrial fibrillation: Pharmacological Intervention in Atrial Fibrillation (PIAF), a randomized trial. Lancet. 356:2000;1789-1794.
56. Rate Control versus Electrical Cardioversion for Persistent Atrial Fibrillation (RACE) study group, Van Gelder I., Hagens V.E., Bosker H.A., et al. A comparison of rate control and rhythm control in patients with recurrent persistent atrial fibrillation. N Engl J Med. 347:2002;1834-1840.
57. Pappone C., Rosanio S., Augello G., et al. Mortality, morbidity, and quality of life after circumferential pulmonary vein ablation for atrial fibrillation: outcomes from a controlled nonrandomized long-term study. J Am Coll Cardiol. 42:2003;185-197.