Supplemental feed use by free-ranging white-tailed deer in southern Texas

Wildlife Society Bulletin

Volumn 31, Issue 4, 2003, Pages 1218-1228

  Bartoskewitz, Marc L ^a,b,e   Hewitt, David G ^a,f,g,h,i   Pitts, John S ^c,d,j,k,l   Bryant, Fred C ^a,e,m,n,o  

^a TEXAS A AND M UNIVERSITY KINGSVILLE   (United States)

^b King Ranch Inc   (United States)

^c MoorMan Feed Company   (United States)

^d ADM Alliance Nutrition   (United States)

^e Colorado State University ^*  (United States)

^f Veterinary Dentistry and Oral Surgery   (United States)

^g WASHINGTON STATE UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^h VIRGINIA POLYTECHNIC INSTITUTE AND STATE UNIVERSITY   (United States)

ⁱ Wildlife Society   (United States)

^j ADM Alliance Nutrition Inc   (United States)

^k Texas Tech   (United States)

^l OKLAHOMA STATE UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^m TEXAS TECH UNIVERSITY   (United States)

ⁿ Rocky Mountain Elk Foundation   (United States)

^o Intl Society for Range Management

more..

Author keywords

Chromium; Nutrition; Odocoileus virginianus; Supplemental feed; Tetracycline; Texas; White tailed deer

Indexed keywords

BODY MASS; FEEDING BEHAVIOR; FOOD SUPPLEMENTATION; NUTRITION; SEX-RELATED DIFFERENCE; UNGULATE; WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT;

NORTH AMERICA; TEXAS; UNITED STATES;

CERVIDAE; ODOCOILEUS VIRGINIANUS; UNGULATA; VERTEBRATA;

EID: 1642505796     PISSN: 00917648     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: None     Document Type: Article

References (37)

1. BAEN, J. S. 1997. The growing importance and value implications of recreational hunting leases to agricultural land investors. Journal of Real Estate Research 14: 399-414.
2. BAKER, D. L., AND N. T. HOBBS. 1985. Emergency feeding of mule deer during winter: tests of a supplemental ration. Journal of Wildlife Management 49: 934-942.
3. BOONE AND CROCKETT CLUB. 1995. Records of North American white-tailed deer. Boone and Crockett Club, 3rd edition. Missoula, Montana, USA.
4. BURNHAM, K. P., AND D. ANDERSON. 1998. Model selection and inference: a practical information theoretic approach. Springer-Verlag, New York, New York, USA.
5. CARHART, A. H. 1943. Fallacies in winter feeding of deer. Transactions of the North American Wildlife Conference 8: 333-338.
6. CONOVER, M. 2002. Resolving human-wildlife conflicts: the science of wildlife damage management. Lewis Publishers, Boca Raton, Florida, USA.
7. COOK, R. C., D. L. MURRAY, J. G. COOK, P. ZAGER, AND S. L. MONFORT. 2000. Nutritional influences on breeding dynamics in elk. Canadian Journal of Zoology 79: 845-853.
8. GRENIER, D., C. BARRETTE, AND M. CRÊTE. 1999. Food access by white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) at winter feeding sites in eastern Quebec. Applied Animal Behaviour Science 63: 323-337.
9. HATCH, S. L., AND J. PLUHAR. 1993. Texas range plants. Texas A&M University Press, College Station, USA.
10. HIRTH, D. H. 1977. Social behavior of white-tailed deer in relation to habitat. Wildlife Monograph 53.
11. HOBBS, N. T. 1989. Linking energy balance to survival in mule deer: development and test of a simulation model. Wildlife Monograph 101.
12. JOHNSON, M. K., AND K. D. DANCAK. 1993. Effects of food plots on white-tailed deer in Kisatchie National Forest. Journal Range Management 46: 110-114.
13. JOHNSON, M. K., B. W. DELANY, S. P. LYNCH, J. A. ZENO, S. R. SCHULTZ, T. W. KEEGAN, AND B. D. NELSON. 1987. Effects of cool-season agronomic forages on white-tailed deer. Wildlife Society Bulletin 15: 330-339.
14. LEWIS, T. L. AND O. J. RONGSTAD. 1998. Effects of supplemental feeding on white-tailed deer, Odocoileus virginianus, migration and survival in northern Wisconsin. Canadian Field Naturalist 112: 75-81.
15. MCBRYDE, G. L. 1995. Economics of supplemental feeding and food plots for white-tailed deer. Wildlife Society Bulletin 23: 1-5.
16. MCCOY, J. E. 2001. Dispersal and mortality of yearling white-tailed deer bucks in South Texas. Thesis, Texas A&M University-Kingsville, Kingsville, USA.
17. MEYER, M. W., R. D. BROWN, AND M. W. GRAHAM. 1984. Protein and energy content of white-tailed deer diets in the Texas Coastal Bend. Journal of Wildlife Management 48: 527-534.
18. NATIONAL CLIMATIC DATA CENTER. 2000. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. United States Department of Commerce, Asheville, North Carolina, USA.
19. NORWINE, J., AND R. BINGHAM. 1985. Frequency and severity of droughts in south Texas: 1900-1983. Pages 1-17 in R. D. Brown, editor. Livestock and wildlife management during drought. Caesar Kleberg Wildlife Research Institute, Texas A&M University-Kingsville, Kingsville, USA.
20. OZOGA, J. J. 1972. Aggressive behavior of white-tailed deer at winter cuttings. Journal of Wildlife Management 36: 861-868.
21. OZOGA, J. J., AND L. J. VERME. 1982. Physical and reproductive characteristics of a supplementally fed white-tailed deer herd. Journal of Wildlife Management 46: 281-301.
22. PARKER, K. L., M. P. GILLINGHAM, T. A. HANLEY, AND C. T. ROBBINS. 1999. Energy and protein balance of free-ranging black-tailed deer in a natural environment. Wildlife Monograph 143.
23. ROBBINS, C. T. 1993. Wildlife feeding and nutrition. Second edition. Academic Press, San Diego, California, USA.
24. SAS INSTITUTE. 1996. SAS/STAT software: changes and enhancements through release 6.11. SAS Institute, Inc. Cary, North Carolina, USA.
25. SCHENBECK, G. L. 1975. Use of supplemental feed and feeders by captive white-tailed deer. Thesis, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, USA.
26. SCHMITZ, O. J. 1990. Management implications of foraging theory: evaluating deer supplemental feeding. Journal of Wildlife Management 54: 522-532.
27. SCHULTZ, S. R., AND M. K. JOHNSON. 1992. Effects of supplemental mineral licks on white-tailed deer. Wildlife Society Bulletin 20: 303-308.
28. SEVERINGHAUS, C. W. 1949. Tooth development and wear as criteria of age in white-tailed deer. Journal of Wildlife Management 13: 195-216.
29. SMITH, B. L. 2001. Winter feeding of elk in western North America. Journal of Wildlife Management 65: 173-190.
30. STOKES, M. E., C. S. DAVIS, AND G. G. KOCH. 1995. Categorical data analysis: using the SAS system. SAS Institute Inc., Cary, North Carolina, USA.
31. STRICKLAND, B. K. 1998. Using tame deer to index carrying capacity in South Texas. Thesis, Texas A&M University-Kingsville, Kingsville, USA.
32. TARR, M. D., AND P. J. PEKINS. 2002. Influences of winter supplemental feeding on the energy balance of white-tailed deer fawns in New Hampshire, U.S.A. Canadian Journal of Zoology 80: 6-15.
33. THIGPEN, J., C. E. ADAMS, AND J. K. THOMAS. 1990. Texas hunting leases. Leaflet-2441. Texas Agricultural Extension Service, College Station, USA.
34. TOWNSEND, T. W., AND E. D. BAILEY. 1981. Effects of age, sex, and weight on social rank in penned white-tailed deer. American Midland Naturalist 106: 92-101.
35. VAN BRACKLE, M. D., R. L. MARCHINTON, G. O. WARE, V. F. NETTLES, S. B. LINHART, C. R. RUTH, L. O. ROGERS. 1995. Oral biomarking of a supplementally-fed herd of free-ranging white-tailed deer. Proceedings of the Southeastern Association of Fish and Wildlife Agencies 49: 372-382.
36. VERME, L. J. 1969. Reproductive patterns of white-tailed deer related to nutritional plane. Journal of Wildlife Management 33: 881-887.
37. WILLIAMS, W. J., S. E. WARDROUP, AND M. S. TRAWEEK. 1995. White-tailed deer breeding chronology and reproduction. Texas Parks and Wildlife. Project No. 95. Federal Aid Project No. W-127-R-3. Austin, Texas, USA.