Just oil? The distribution of environmental and social impacts of oil production and consumption

Annual Review of Environment and Resources

Volumn 28, Issue , 2003, Pages 587-617

  O'Rourke, Dara ^a   Connolly, Sarah ^b  

^a UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA   (United States)

^b MASSACHUSETTS INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY   (United States)

Author keywords

Energy policy; Environmental justice; Health impacts; Petroleum

Indexed keywords

AIR QUALITY; ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL EFFECTS; ENERGY POLICY; FUEL CONSUMPTION; HEALTH RISKS; LAWS AND LEGISLATION; OIL WELL DRILLING; OIL WELL PRODUCTION; PETROLEUM INDUSTRY; PETROLEUM PROSPECTING; PETROLEUM REFINING; PETROLEUM TRANSPORTATION;

ENVIRONMENTAL JUSTICE; HEALTH IMPACTS; OIL EXTRACTION; SOCIAL IMPACTS;

ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT;

EID: 1642460645     PISSN: 15435938     EISSN: None     Source Type: Book Series    
DOI: 10.1146/annurev.energy.28.050302.105617     Document Type: Article

References (90)

1. Natl. Energy Policy Dev. Group. 2001. Overview. See Ref. 90, pp. viii-xv
2. Natl. Energy Policy Dev. Group. 2001. Protecting America's environment. See Ref. 90, pp. 3-1 to 3-14
3. Bush GW. 2001. President Bush Calls for Action on Economy, Energy Remarks by the President to Business, Trade and Agriculture Leaders, October 26. http://www.whitehouse.gov/news/releases/2001/10/20011026-9.html
4. Cheney R. 2001. Town Hall Energy Meet., July 16. http://www.whitehouse.gov/vice president/news-speeches/speeches/vp20010716-2.html
5. Klare M. 2001. Resource Wars: The New Global Landscape of Global Conflict, pp. 33, 60-61. New York: Metropolitan Books
6. Int. Labour Organ. 2002. Oil and Gas Production; Oil Refining. http://www.ilo.org/public/english/dialogue/sector/sectors/oilgas.htm
7. Youngquist W. 2000. Alternative Energy Sources. http://www.hubberpeak.com/youngquist/altenergy.htm
8. Doyle J. 1994. Crude Awakenings: The Oil Mess in America: Wasting Energy Jobs and the Environment. Washington, DC: Friends Earth
9. Energy Intell. Group. 2003. Polity Score and Reserves Table. http://www.energyintel.com/grounds/tables.htm
10. Publish What You Pay Coalition. 2003. Publish What You Pay Campaign. http://www.publishwhatyoupay.org/
11. Trade Environ. Database. 2002. Ecuador Oil Exports. The Mandala Project. http://www.american.edu/TED/ECUADOR.htm
12. Ross M. 2001. Extraction Sectors and the Poor. Boston: Oxfam Am.
13. Anonymous. 2002. Worldwide Report. Oil Gas J. Dec. 23. 100(52):62-145
14. Pet. Econ. Ltd. 2002. Energy Map of the World. http://www.petroleum-economist.com
15. Yergin D. 1991. The Prize: The Epic Quest for Oil, Money, and Power. New York: Simon & Schuster
16. Sampson A. 1975. The Seven Sisters: The Great Oil Companies and the World They Shaped. New York: Viking
17. Clark, JG. 1990. The Political Economy of World Energy: A Twentieth Century Perspective. Chapel Hill: Univ. North Carolina Press
18. Bullard R. 1994. Environmental justice for all. In Unequal Protection: Environmental Justice and Communities of Color, ed. RD Bullard, pp. 3-22. San Francisco: Sierra Club Books
19. Pulido L. 1996. A critical review of the methodology of environmental racism research. Antipode 28(2): 142-59
20. Energy Inf. Adm. 2003. Country Analysis Briefs: OPEC Fact Sheet. http://www.eia.doe.gov/emeu/cabs/opec.html
21. Standard & Poor's. 2002. Industry Surveys: Oil & Gas: Production & Marketing. April 4, p. 2. New York, NY
22. Energy Inf. Adm. 2002. Country Analysis Briefs: Persian Gulf Oil and Gas Exports Fact Sheet. http://www.eia.doe.gov/emeu/cabs/pgulf.html
23. Standard & Poor's. 2002. See Ref. 21, p.3.
24. BP-Amoco. 2002. Statistical Review of World Energy. http://www.bp.com/centres/energy2002/2001inreview.asp
25. Energy Inf. Adm. 2002. Country Analysis Briefs: Non-OPEC Fact Sheet. http://www.eia.doe.gov/emeu/cabs/nonopec.html
26. Energy Inf. Adm. 2002. World Petroleum Supply and Disposition, 2000. http://www.eia.doe.gov/emeu/iea/table31.html
27. Energy Intell. Group. 2003. Ranking the World's Top Oil Companies, 2001: Fewer, Bigger, and Fiercely Competitive (Abstr.). http://www.energyintel.com/RersDocDetail.asp?document_id=50195
28. Standard & Poor's. 2002. See Ref. 21, p. 9
29. Slocum T. 2001. No Competition: Oil Industry Mergers Provide Higher Profits, Leave Consumers with Fewer Choices. Public Citiz. http://www.citizen.org/documents/nocompetition.PDF
30. Karl TL. 1997. The Paradox of Plenty: Oil Booms and Petro-States. Berkeley: Univ. Calif. Press
31. Natl. Energy Policy Dev. Group. 2001. Strengthening Global Alliances. See Ref. 90, pp. 8-1 to 8-21
32. Standard & Poor's. 2002. See Ref. 21, p. 11
33. Mead W. 1993. Crude oil supply and demand. In The Environment of Oil, ed. RJ Gilbert, pp. 43-84. Boston: Kluwer Acad.
34. Petroconsultants UK Ltd. 1998. World Petroleum Trends Rep. Petroconsultants, London
35. Edoigiawerie C, Spickett J. 1995. The environmental impact of petroleum on the environment. Afr. J. Health Sci. 2(2):269-76
36. O'Connor O. 2000. The Hidden Costs of Offshore Oil. Living Oceans Soc., April/May. http://www.web.net/nben/envnews/media/00/offoil.htm
37. Pelley J. 2001. Will drilling for oil disrupt the Arctic National Wildlife Refuge? Environ. Sci. Technol. 35(11):240A-47A
38. Epstein PR, Selber J. 2002. Oil: A Life Cycle Analysis of Its Health and Environmental Impacts. Boston: Center Health Glob. Environ. Harv. Med. Sch.
39. US Environ. Prot. Agency Off. Compliance Enforc. 2000. Profile of the Oil and Gas Extraction Industry. Washington DC: GPO
40. Natl. Res. Counc. 2002. Oil in the Sea III: Inputs, Fates, and Effects. Washington, DC: Natl. Acad.
41. Caswell MF. 1993. Balancing energy and the environment. In The Environment of Oil, ed. RJ, Gilbert, pp. 179-214. Boston: Kluwer Acad.
42. Kretzmann S. Wright S. 1998. Drilling to the Ends of the Earth: The Ecological, Social and Climate Imperative for Ending Oil Exploration. Berkeley: CA: Rainfor. Action Netw. Proj. Undergr.
43. Kretzmann S. Wright S. 1997. Human Rights and Environmental Operations Information on the Royal Dutch/Shell Group of Companies, 1996-1997. Berkeley, CA: Rainfor. Action Netw. Proj. Undergr.
44. Amazon Watch. 2002. Mega Projects. http://www.amazonwatch.org
45. Hum. Rights Watch. 2002. Corporations and Human Rights. http://www.hrw.org/advocacy/corporations/
46. Project Undergr. 2002. Oil Campaign. http://www.moles.org/ProjectUnderground/oil/index.shtml
47. Model Arab Leag. 2002. Codifying Immigrant Laborer Rights in the Arab World. http://www.geocities.com/mtaereal1984/Pages/immigrant_labor.htm
48. South Asian Voice. 2001. Understanding the Complexities and Contradictions of the Middle East Oil Wealth, Colonial and Neo-Colonial Intervention, and Cheap South Asian Labor. http://india_resource.tripod.com/mideastoil.html
49. Hum. Rights Watch. 1999. Saudi Arabia Human Rights Developments. http://www.hrw.org/wr2k/Mena-08.htm
50. Burger J. 1997. Oil Spills. New Brunswick, NJ: Rutgers Univ. Press
51. Int. Tanker Own. Pollut. Fed. Ltd. 2002. Past Spills Statistics. http://www.itopf.com/stats.html
52. Welch J. 1994. International spill statistics: 1993. In Oil Spill Intelligence Report. Arlington, MA: Cutter Inf. Corp.
53. Earth Crash Earth Spirit. 2002. Pollution: Oil Spill Central. http://eces.org/ec/pollution/oilspills.shtml
54. Etkin DS. 1997. Oil Spills From Vessels (1960-1995): An International Historical Perspective. Cambridge, MA: Cutter Inf. Corp.
55. Natl. Ocean. Atmos. Adm./ Natl. Ocean Serv. 2002. Oil Spills in History. http://response.restoration.noaa.gov/faqs/history.html
56. Int. Counc. Local Environ. Initiat. 1993. Oil Discharged into the Marine Environment from Maritime Transport. http://www.iclei.org/efacts/oilspi1.gif
57. Nesmith J, Haurwitz RKM. 2001. Spills and explosions reveal lax regulation of powerful industry. American-Statesman, Austin, TX, July 22, p. A1
58. Boesch DF, Butler JN, Cacchione DA, Geraci JR, Neff JN, et al. 1987. An assessment of the long-term environmental effects of US offshore oil and gas development activities: future research needs. In Long Term Environmental Effects of Offshore Oil and Gas Development, ed. DF Boesch, NN Rabalais. London: Elsevier Appl. Sci.
59. IMO/FAO/UNESCO/WMO/WHO/IAEA/UN/UNEP.Jt. Group Experts Sci. Aspects Mar. Pollut. 1993. Impact of Oil and Related Chemicals and Wastes on the Marine Environment, GESAMP Rep. Stud. 50. London: Int. Marit. Organ.
60. Rooney Eng. Inc. 2000. Pacific Pipeline System. http://www.rooney-eng.com/ppsi.htm
61. Impact Assess. Inc. 1995. Documentation in Support of Socioeconomic Review Comments to Draft Environmental Impact Statement/Subsequent Environmental Impact Report: Pacific Pipeline Project. La Jolla, California
62. Rainfor. Action Netw. 2002. The Chad/Cameroon Rainforest Oil Pipeline Case Study. http://www.ran.org/ran_campaigns/citigroup/cs_chadcam.html
63. Epstein LN, Greetham S, Karuba, A. 1995. Ranking Refineries: What Do We Know About Oil Refinery Pollution from Right-to-Know Data? Washington, DC: Environ. Def. Fund
64. Texas Sustain. Energy Econ. Dev. Coalit. 2001. Crude Polluters: A Survey and Analysis of the US Refinery Sector and a Blueprint for Refinery Reform, Austin: Texas SEED Coalit.
65. Minor. Staff, Spec. Investig. Div., Comm. Gov. Reform, US House. 1999. Oil Refineries Fail to Report Millions of Pounds of Harmful Emissions. Prep. for Represent. Henry A. Waxman. Nov. 10 http://www.house.gov/reform/min/pdfs/pdf_inves/pdf_enviro_oil_refine_rep.pdf
66. Kizior GJ. 1991. Amoco/EPA Pollution Prevention Project: Solid Waste Sampling. Naperville, IL: Amoco Oil Co. Environ. Eng. Res.
67. US Environ. Prot. Agency Off. Compliance Enforc. 1999. Compliance and Enforcement Reports. http://www.epa.gov/Compliance/resources/reports/planning/results/accomplishments /
68. Templet PH. 1993. The emissions-to-jobs ratio: a tool for evaluating pollution control programs. Environ. Sci. Technol. 27(5):810-12
69. Bell R. 1997. Shell official: '88 deal led to suit; residents unhappy with settlement, he says. Times Picayune, August 30, p.B1
70. Concerned Citiz. Norco Sierra Club. 2001. FlareCam. http://www.sierraclub.org/planet/200209.shell_victory
71. Doyle J. 2002 Riding the Dragon: Royal Dutch Shell and the Fossil Fire. Boston: Environ. Health Fund.
72. Bur. Labor Stat. 2002. Fatal Occupational Injuries by Industry, 1996-2001. http://www.bls.gov/iif/oshwc/cfoi/cftb0155.pdf
73. Occup. Saf. Health Adm. 2003. OSHA Priorities: Oil and Gas Well Drilling & Servicing. http://www.osha.gov/oshinfo/priorities/oil.html
74. Int. Cent. Technol. Assess. 2002. The Real Price Of Gasoline. http://www.icta.org/projects/trans/rlprexsm.htm
75. Gottlieb DJ, Beiser AS, O'Connor GT. 1995. Poverty, race, and medication use are correlates of asthma hospitalization rates. Chest 108(1):28-35
76. Intergov. Panel Clim. Chang. 2001. Climate Change 2001: The Scientific Basis: Summary for Policymakers. http://www.ipcc.ch/pub/spm22-01.pdf
77. UN Environ. Program. 2001. UNEP Climate Change Information Kit http://www.unep.ch/conventions/info/ccinfokit/Infokitpercent20-percent202001.htm
78. Bruno K, Karliner J, Brotsky C. 1999. Greenhouse Gangsters vs. Climate Justice. San Francisco, CA: Transnatl. Res. Action Cent. http://www.corpwatch.org/upload/document/greenhousegangsters.pdf
79. Anonymous. Refining damage mounts. Oil Gas J. March 11. 100(10):19
80. Calif. Air Resour. Board. 2002. California Air Pollution Control Laws. http://www.arb.ca.gov/bluebook/bb02/toc.htm
81. US Environ. Prot. Agency Off. Compliance Enforc. 1995. Profile of the Petroleum Refining Industry. Washington, DC: GPO
82. Texas Sustain. Energy Econ. Dev. Coalit. 2001. See Ref. 103, p. 10
83. Stolberg S. 2002. Senators cross party lines on clean air. New York Times. January 22, p. A23
84. Environ. Def. 2002. Fallout from EPA Rules Rollback. Statement by Vickie Patton, sr. atty. Environ. Def. June 17. http://www.environmentaldefense.org/article.cfm?contentid=2132
85. US Environ. Prot. Agency Off. Compliance Assur. 1999. Fiscal Year 1998 Accomplishments Report. http://www.epa.gov/Compliance/resources/reports/planning/results/accomplishment/ fy99accomplishment.pdf
86. Schaeffer E. 2002. CBS News. June 13
87. Off. Pipeline Saf. 2002. Pipeline Statistics http://ops.dot.gov/stats.htm
88. Energy Inf. Adm. 2002. Nigeria: Environmental Issues. http://www.eia.doe.gov/emeu/cabs/nigenv.html
89. Energy Inf. Adm. 2002. Saudi Arabia: Environmental Issues. http://www.eia.doe.gov/emeu/cabs/saudenv.html
90. Natl. Energy Policy Dev. Group. 2001. National Energy Policy. Washington, DC: GPO