Detection and characterization of amitraz resistance in the Southern Cattle tick, Boophilus microplus (Acari: Ixodidae)

Journal of Medical Entomology

Volumn 41, Issue 2, 2004, Pages 193-200

  Li, Andrew Y ^a   Davey, Ronald B ^a   Miller, Robert J ^a   George, John E ^a  

^a AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH SERVICE   (United States)

Author keywords

Acaricides; Amitraz; Boophilus microplus; Cattle tick; Resistance detection

Indexed keywords

ACARI; ANIMALIA; BOOPHILUS MICROPLUS; BOS TAURUS; CANIS FAMILIARIS; INSECTA; IXODIDAE;

EID: 1642424372     PISSN: 00222585     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1603/0022-2585-41.2.193     Document Type: Review

References (41)

1. Aguirre, J., A. Sobrino, M. Santamaría, A. Aburto, S. Roman, M. Hernandez, M. Ortiz, and Y. A. Ortiz. 1986. Resistancia de garrapatas en Mexico, pp. 282-306. In A. H. Cavazzani and Z. Garcia [ eds.], Seminario Internacional de Parasitologia Animal, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico.
2. Atkinson, P. W., K. C. Binnington, and W. J. Roulston. 1974. High monoamine oxidase activity in the tick Boophilus microplus, and inhibition by chlordimeform and related pesticides. J. Aust. Entomol. Soc. 13: 207-210.
3. Baxter, J. R., J. Ibarra, W. T. Wilson, R. G. Arther, J. D. Kellerby, and J. Stewart. 1999. Amitraz or coumaphos efficacy tests in Guatemala for control of Varroa jacobsoni Mesostigmata: Varroidae in honey bees? Southwest. Entomol. 24: 309-313.
4. Benavides, E., J. L. Rodriguez, and A. Romero. 2000. Isolation and partial characterization of the Montecitos strain of Boophilus microplus (Canestrini, 1877) multiresistant to different acaricides. Ann. NY Acad. Sci. 916: 668-671.
5. Bram, R. A., J. E. George, R. E. Reichard, and W. J. Tabachnick. 2002. The threat of foreign arthropod-borne pathogens to livestock in the United States. J. Med. Entomol. 39: 405-416.
6. Curtis, R. J. 1985. Amitraz in the control of non-Ixodidae ectaparasites of livestock. Vet. Parasitol. 18: 251-264.
7. Davey, R. B., J. Garza, Jr., G. D. Thompson, and R. O. Drummond. 1980. Ovipositional biology of the cattle tick, Boophilus annulatus (Acari: Ixodidae), in the laboratory. J. Med. Entomol. 17: 287-289.
8. Davey, R. B., E. H. Ahrens, and J. E. George. 1984. Efficacy of sprays of amitraz against Boophilus ticks on cattle. Prev. Vet. Med. 2: 691-698.
9. Davey, R. B., and J. E. George. 1998. In vitro and In vivo evaluation of a strain of Boophilus microplus (Acari: Ixodidae) selected for resistance to permethrin. J. Med. Entomol. 35: 1013-1019.
10. Dudai, Y., J. Buxbaum, G. Corfas, and M. Ofarim. 1987. Formamidines interact with Drosophila octopamine re-ceptors, alter the flies' behavior and reduce their learning ability. J. Comp. Physiol. A. 161: 739-746.
11. Elfassy, O. J., F. W. Goodman, S. A. Levy, and L. L. Carter. 2001. Efficacy of an amitraz-impregnated collar in preventing transmission of Borrelia burgdorferi by adult Ixodes scapularis to dogs. J. Am. Vet. Med. Assoc. 219: 185-189.
12. Elzen, P. J., J. R. Baxter, D. Westervelt, D. Causey, C. Randall, L. Cutts, and W. T. Wilson. 2001. Acaricide rotation plan for control of Varroa. Am. Bee J. 141: 369-371.
13. Evans, P. D., and J. D. Gee. 1980. Action of formamidine pesticides on octopamine receptors. Nature (Lond.) 28: 60-62.
14. Floris, I., A. Satta, V. L. Garau, M. Melis, P. Cabras, and N. Aloul. 2001. Effectiveness, persistance, and residue of amitraz plastic strips in the apiary control of Varror destructor. Apidologie 32: 577-585.
15. Fragoso, H., N. Soberanes, M. Ortiz, M. Santamaría, and A. Ortiz. 1995. Epidemiologia de la resistencia a ixodicidas piretroides en garrapatas Boophilus microplus en la Republica Mexicana, pp. 45-57. In S. Rodriqurz and H. Fragoso [eds.], Seminario internacional de parasitologia animal-Resistncia y Control en Garrapatas y Moscas de Importancia Veterinaria. Acapulco, Guerrero, Mexico.
16. Friedhoff, K. T., and R. D. Smith. 1981. Transmission of Babesia by ticks, pp. 267-321. In M. Ristic and J. P. Kreier [eds.], Babesiosis. Academic, New York.
17. Furlong, J. 1999. Diagnosis of the susceptibility of the cattle tick, Boophilus microplus, to acaricides in Minas Gerais state, Brazil, pp. 41-46. In H. S. Fragoso and Z. V. García [eds.], IV Seminario internacional de parasitologia animal -Control de la resistancia en garrapatas y moscas de importancia veterinaria y enfermededades que transmiten. CONASAG-INIFAP- INFARVET-IICA-AMPAVE-FILASA. Puerto Vallarta, Jal. México.
18. Garris, G. I., and J. E. George. 1985. Field evaluation of amitraz applied to cattle as sprays for control of Boophilus microplus (Acari: Ixodidae) in the eradication program in Puerto Rico. Prev. Vet. Medic. 3: 363-369.
19. George, J. E. 1996. The campaign to keep Boophilus ticks out of the United States: technical problems and solutions, pp. 196-206. In Proceedings of the 100th Annual Meeting of the U.S. Animal Health Association. Spectrum, Richmond, VA.
20. George, J. E., R. B. Davey, E. H. Ahrens, J. M. Pound, and R. O. Drummond. 1998. Efficacy of amitraz (Taktic® 12.5% EC) as a dip for the control of Boophilus microplus (Canestrini) (Acri: Ixodidae) on cattle. Prev. Vet. Med. 37: 55-67.
21. Graham, O. H., and J. L. Hourrigan. 1977. Eradication program for the arthropod parasites of livestock. J. Med. Entomol. 6: 629-658.
22. Haigh, A. J. B., and M. M. Gichang. 1980. The activity of amitraz against infestation of Rhipicephalus appendiculatus. Pestic. Sci 11: 647-678.
23. Kagaruki, L. K. 1996. The efficacy of amitraz against cattle ticks in Tanzania. Onderstepoort J. Vet. Res. 63: 91-96.
24. Kemp, D. H., R. K. Gale, A. Nari, and A. G. Sabatini. 1998. Acaricide resistance in the cattle ticks Boophilus microplus and B. decoloratus: review of resistance data; standardization of resistance tests and recommendations for the integrated parasite control to delay resistance. Report to Aminal Health service AGAH, FAO. CSIRO tropical Agriculture, Long Pocket Laboratories, Queensland, Australia.
25. Kemp, D. H., R. V. Mckenna, R. Thullner, and P. Willadsen. 1999. Strategies for tick control in a world of acaricide resistance, pp. 1-10. In H. S. Fragoso and Z. V. García [eds.], IV Seminario internacional de parasitologia animal - Control de la resistancia en garrapatas y moscas de importancia veterinaria y enfermededades que transmiten. CONASAG-INIFAP- INFARVET-IICA-AMPAVE-FILASA. Puerto Vallarta, Jal. México.
26. Kumar, S., K. Jayakumar, M. R. Srinivasan, V. Udupa, and N. Ramesh. 2001. Biological efficacy of amitraz against the three host tick Rhipicephalus sanguineus. Indian J. Anim. Sci. 71: 527-528.
27. Kunz, S. E., and D. H. Kemp. 1994. Insecticides and acaricides: resistance and environmental impacts. Rev. Sci. Tech. Off. Ini. Epiz. 13: 1249-1286.
28. Li, A. Y., R. B. Davey, R. J. Miller, and J. E. George. 2003. Resistance to coumaphos and diazinon in Boophilus microplus (Acari: Ixodidae) and evidence for the involvement of an oxidative detoxification mechansim. J. Med. Entomol. 40: 482-490.
29. LeOra Software. 1987. A user's guide to probit or logit analysis. LeOra Software, Berkeley, CA.
30. McKenzie, J. A. 1996. Ecological and evolutionary aspects of insecticide resistance. Academic, Austin, TX.
31. Miller, R. J., R. B. Davey, and J. E. George. 1999. Characterization of pyrethroid resistance and susceptibility to coumaphos in Mexican Boophilus microplus (Acari: Ixodidae). J. Med. Entomol. 36: 633-538.
32. Miller, R. J., R. B. Davey, and J. E. George. 2002. Modification of the food and agriculture organization larval packet test to measure amitraz-susceptibility against Ixodidae. J. Med. Entomol. 39: 645-651.
33. Nolan, J. 1981. Current developments in resistance to amidine and pyrethroid tickicides in Australia, pp. 109-114. In G. B. Whitehead and J. D. Gibson [eds.], Proceedings of Tick Biology and Control Conference. Tick Research Unit, Rhodes University, Grahamstown. South Africa.
34. Parrodi, L. F., H. Y. Fragoso, and J. L. Nunez. 1995. Amitraz: Una alternativa para el control de garrapatas Boophilus spp. resistentes a organofosforados y pirethroides, p. 146. In S. Rodriqurz and H. Fragoso [eds.], Seminario internacional de parasitologia animal-Resistncia y Control en Garrapatas y Moscas de Importancia Veterinaria. Acapulco, Guerrero, Mexico.
35. Pound, J. M., J. A. Miller, and J. E. George. 2000. Efficacy of amitraz applied to white-tailed deer by the '4-poster' topical treatment device in controlling free-living long star ticks (Acari: Ixodidae). J. Med. Entomol. 37:878-884.
36. Robertson, J. L., and H. K. Preisler. 1992. Pesticide bioassays with arthropods. CRC, Boca Raton, FL.
37. Santamaría, V. M., C. N. Soberanes, N. A. Ortiz, S. H. Fragoso, M. J. Osorio, I. F. Martínez, B. L. Franco, V. G. Delabra, D. R. Quezada, H. I. Giles, et al. 1999. Analisis de la situacion Actual ediante el monitoreo de susceptibilidad a ixodicidas en Boophilus microplus de 1993 a 1999 y medidas preventivas para retardar la resistencia al amitraz en Mexico, pp. 103-117. In IV Seminario Internacional de Parasitologia Animal: Control de la Resistancia en Garrapatas y Moscas de Importancia Veterinaria y Enfermedades que transmiten. 20-22 de Octubre 1999. Puerto Vallarta, Jalisco, Mexico.
38. Schuntner, C. A., and P. G. Thompson. 1976. Inhibition of a carbaryl oxidising enzyme as the primary lesion in the lethal action of formamidines in Boophilus microplus. J. Aus. Entomol. Soc. 15: 388.
39. 14C-amitraz in larvae of Boophilus microplus. Aust. J. Biol. Sci. 31: 141-148.
40. Soberanes, N. C., M. V. Santamaría, H. S. Fragoso, and Z. V. García. 2002. First case reported of amitraz resistance in the cattle tick Boophilus microplus in Mexico. Téc. Pecu. Méx. 40: 81-92.
41. Strydom, T., and R. Peter. 1999. Acaricides and Boophilus spp. resistance in South Africa, pp. 35-40. In H. S. Fragoso and Z. V. García [eds.], IV Seminario internacional de parasitologia animal - Control de la resistancia en garrapatas y moscas de importancia veterinaria y enfermededades que transmiten. CONASAG-INIFAP-INFARVET-IICA-AMPAVE-FILASA. Puerto Vallarta, Jal. México.