Altered Expression of the Glutamate Transporter EAAT2b in Neurological Disease

Annals of Neurology

Volumn 55, Issue 4, 2004, Pages 469-477

  Maragakis, Nicholas J ^a   Dykes Hoberg, Margaret ^b   Rothstein, Jeffrey D ^a  

^a JOHNS HOPKINS UNIVERSITY SCHOOL OF MEDICINE   (United States)

^b Meyer 6 109 ^*

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ANTIBODY; EPITOPE; GLUTAMATE TRANSPORTER; GLUTAMATE TRANSPORTER EAAT2B; GLUTAMIC ACID; UNCLASSIFIED DRUG;

ADULT; AGED; AMINO TERMINAL SEQUENCE; AMYOTROPHIC LATERAL SCLEROSIS; ANTIBODY AFFINITY; ARTICLE; ASTROCYTE; CARBOXY TERMINAL SEQUENCE; CELLULAR DISTRIBUTION; CLINICAL ARTICLE; CONTROLLED STUDY; HUMAN; HUMAN CELL; HUMAN TISSUE; IMMUNOHISTOCHEMISTRY; IN VITRO STUDY; MOUSE; NERVE CELL; NEUROLOGIC DISEASE; NONHUMAN; PRIORITY JOURNAL; PROTEIN EXPRESSION; PROTEIN FUNCTION; REGULATORY MECHANISM; STRESS; TISSUE DISTRIBUTION;

ADULT; AGED; AGED, 80 AND OVER; AMYOTROPHIC LATERAL SCLEROSIS; ANIMALS; CELL LINE; EXCITATORY AMINO ACID TRANSPORTER 2; GENE EXPRESSION REGULATION; HUMANS; MICE; MICE, INBRED C57BL; MICE, KNOCKOUT; MIDDLE AGED; NERVOUS SYSTEM DISEASES; RATS;

EID: 1642371041     PISSN: 03645134     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1002/ana.20003     Document Type: Article

References (44)

1. Storck T, Schulte S, Hofmann K, et al. Structure, expression, and functional analysis of a Na(+)-dependent glutamate/aspartate transporter from rat brain. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1992;89:10955-10999.
2. Shashidharan P, Plaitakis A. Cloning and characterization of a glutamate transporter cDNA from human cerebellum. Biochim Biophys Acta 1993;1216:161-164.
3. Shashidharan P, Wittenberg I, Plaitakis A. Molecular cloning of human brain glutamate/aspartate transporter II. Biochim Biophys Acta 1994;1191:393-396.
4. Kanai Y, Hediger MA. Primary structure and functional characterization of a high-affinity glutamate transporter. Nature 1992;360:467-471.
5. Furuta A, Martin LJ, Lin CL, et al. Cellular and synaptic localization of the neuronal glutamate transporters excitatory amino acid transporter 3 and 4. Neuroscience 1997;81:1031-1042.
6. Fairman WA, Vandenberg RJ, Arriza JL, et al. An excitatory amino-acid transporter with properties of a ligand-gated chloride channel. Nature 1995;375:599-603.
7. Tanaka K. Epilepsy and exacerbation of brain injury in mice lacking glutamate transporter GLT-1. Science 1997;276:1699-1702.
8. Rothstein JD, Dykes-Hoberg M, Pardo CA, et al. Knockout of glutamate transporters reveals a major role for astroglial transport in excitotoxicity and clearance of glutamate. Neuron 1996;16:675-686.
9. Burnashev N, Monyer H, Seeburg PH, et al. Divalent ion permeability of AMPA receptor channels is dominated by the edited form of a single subunit. Neuron 1992;8:189-198.
10. Monyer H, Seeburg PH, Wisden W. Glutamate operated channels: developmentally early and mature forms arise by alternative splicing. Neuron 1991;6:799-810.
11. Meyer T, Fromm A, Munch C, et al. The RNA of the glutamate transporter EAAT2 is variably spliced in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and normal individuals. J Neurol Sci 1999;170:45-50.
12. Honig LS, Chambliss DD, Bigio EH, et al. Glutamate transporter EAAT2 splice variants occur not only in ALS, but also in AD and controls. Neurology 2000;55:1082-1088.
13. Lin CG, Bristol LA, Jin L, et al. Aberrant RNA processing in a neurodegenerative disease: the cause for absent EAAT2 a glutamate transporter, in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Neuron 1998;20:589-602.
14. Utsunomiya Tate N, Endou H, Kanai Y. Tissue specific variants of glutamate transporter GLT-1. FEBS Lett 1997;416:312-316.
15. Schmitt A, Asan E, Lesch KP, et al. A splice variant of glutamate transporter GLT1/EAAT2 expressed in neurons: cloning and localization in rat nervous system. Neuroscience 2002;109:45-61.
16. Rothstein JD, Martin L, Levey AI, et al. Localization of neuronal and glial glutamate transporters. Neuron 1994;13:713-725.
17. Rothstein JD, Van Kammen M, Levey AI, et al. Selective loss of glial glutamate transporter GLT-1 in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Ann Neurol 1995;38:73-84.
18. Bristol LA, Rothstein JD. Glutamate transporter gene expression in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis motor cortex. Ann Neurol 1996;39:676-679.
19. Rothstein JD, Martin LJ, Kuncl RW. Decreased glutamate transport by the brain and spinal cord in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. N Engl J Med 1992;326:1464-1468.
20. Beckstrom H, Julsrud L, Haugeto O, et al. Interindividual differences in the levels of the glutamate transporters GLAST and GLT, but no clear correlation with Alzheimer's disease. J Neurosci Res 1999;55:218-229.
21. Li S, Mallory M, Alford M, et al. Glutamate transporter alterations in Alzheimer disease are possibly associated with abnormal APP expression. J Neuropathol Exp Neurol 1997;56:901-911.
22. Chaudhry FA, Lehre KP, van Lookeren CM, et al. Glutamate transporters in glial plasma membranes: highly differentiated localizations revealed by quantitative ultrastructural immunocytochemistry. Neuron 1995;15:711-720.
23. Lehre KP, Levy LM, Ottersen OP, et al. Differential expression of two glial glutamate transporters in the rat brain: quantitative and immunocytochemical observations. J Neurosci 1995;15:1835-1853.
24. Chen W, Aoki C, Mahadomrongkul V, et al. Expression of a variant form of the glutamate transporter GLT1 in neuronal cultures and in neurons and astrocytes in the rat brain. J Neurosci 2002;22:2142-2152.
25. Reye P, Sullivan R, Fletcher EL, et al. Distribution of two splice variants of the glutamate transporter GLT1 in the retinas of humans, monkeys, rabbits, rats, cats, and chickens. J Comp Neurol 2002;445:1-12.
26. Maragakis NJ, Rothstein JD. Glutamate transporters in neurologic disease. Arch Neurol 2001;58:365-370.
27. Rothstein JD, Jin L, Dykes-Hoberg M, et al. Chronic inhibition of glutamate uptake produces a model of slow neurotoxicity. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1993;90:6591-6595.
28. Guo H, Lai L, Butchbach ME, et al. Increased expression of the glial glutamate transporter EAAT2 modulates excitotoxicity and delays the onset but not the outcome of ALS in mice. Hum Mol Genet 2003;12:2519-2532.
29. Ehlers MD, Mammen AL, Lau LF, et al. Synaptic targeting of glutamate receptors. Curr Opin Cell Biol 1996;8:484-489.
30. O'Brien RJ, Lau LF, Huganir RL. Molecular mechanisms of glutamate receptor clustering at excitatory synapses. Curr Opin Neurobiol 1998;8:364-369.
31. Xia J, Zhang XQ, Staudinger J, et al. Clustering of AMPA receptors by the synaptic PDZ domain-containing protein PICK1. Neuron 1999;22:179-187.
32. Wilson J, Khabazian I, Pow D, et al. Decrease in glial glutamate transporter variants and excitatory amino acid receptor down-regulation in a murine model of ALS-PDC. Neuromolecular Med 2003;3:105-118.
33. Gegelashvili G, Danbolt NC, Schousboe A. Neuronal soluble factors differentially regulate the expression of the GLT1 and GLAST glutamate transporters in cultured astroglia. J Neurochem 1997;69:2612-2615.
34. Ginsberg SD, Martin LJ, Rothstein JD. Regional deafferentation down-regulates subtypes of glutamate transporter proteins. J Neurochem 1995;65:2800-2803.
35. Melone M, Vitellaro-Zuccarello L, Vallejo-Illarramendi A, et al. The expression of glutamate transporter GLT-1 in the rat cerebral cortex is down-regulated by the antipsychotic drug clozapine. Mol Psychiatry 2001;6:380-386.
36. Schlag BD, Vondrasek JR, Munir M, et al. Regulation of the glial Na+-dependent glutamate transporters by cyclic AMP analogs and neurons. Mol Pharmacol 1998;53:355-369.
37. Swanson RA, Liu J, Miller JW, et al. Neuronal regulation of glutamate transporter subtype expression in astrocytes. J Neurosci 1997;17:932-940.
38. Trotti D, Danbolt NC, Volterra A. Glutamate transporters are oxidant-vulnerable: a molecular link between oxidative and excitotoxic neurodegeneration? Trends Pharmacol Sci 1998;19:328-334.
39. Martin LJ, Brambrink AM, Lehmann C, et al. Hypoxia-ischemia causes abnormalities in glutamate transporters and death of astroglia and neurons in newborn striatum. Ann Neurol 1997;42:335-348.
40. Coovert DD, Le TT, McAndrew PE, et al. The survival motor neuron protein in spinal muscular atrophy. Hum Mol Genet 1997;6:1205-1214.
41. Monani UR, Sendtner M, Coovert DD, et al. The human centromeric survival motor neuron gene (SMN2) rescues embryonic lethality in Smn(-/-) mice and results in a mouse with spinal muscular atrophy. Hum Mol Genet 2000;9:333-339.
42. Cox GA, Mahaffey CL, Frankel WN. Identification of the mouse neuromuscular degeneration gene and mapping of a second site suppressor allele. Neuron 1998;21:1327-1337.
43. Flowers JM, Powell JF, Leigh PN, et al. Intron 7 retention and exon 9 skipping EAAT2 mRNA variants are not associated with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Ann Neurol 2001;49:643-649.
44. Nagai M, Abe K, Okamoto K, et al. Identification of alternative splicing forms of GLT-1 mRNA in the spinal cord of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis patients. Neurosci Lett 1998;244:165-168.