Discourses of Resistance in the American Revolution

Journal of the History of Ideas

Volumn 64, Issue 4, 2003, Pages 547-563

  Tuckness, Alex ^a  

^a IOWA STATE UNIVERSITY   (United States)

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[No Author keywords available]

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EID: 1642345589     PISSN: 00225037     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.2307/3654220     Document Type: Review

References (109)

1. See Gordon Wood, "Ideology and the Origins of Liberal America, " William and Mary Quarterly, 44 (1987), 634.
2. Bernard Bailyn (ed.), Pamphlets of the American Revolution, 1750-1765 (4 vols. [projected]); Cambridge, Mass., 1965), I, xiii.
3. See Jonathan Mayhew, A Discourse Concerning Unlimited Submission and Non-Resistance to the Higher Powers...(Boston, 1750) in Bailyn, Pamphlets; The Snare Broken. A Thanks-giving Discourse. (Boston, 1766), 35. Andrew Eliot, A Sermon Preached Before his Excellency Francis Bernard, Esq. Governor...(Boston, 1765), 10, 17, William Hicks, The Nature and Extent of Parliamentary Power Considered...(Philadelphia, 1768), xv., and A Serious Address...Boston-Port Act (New York 1774), 4; also Samuel Seabury, The Congress Canvassed...(New York 1774), 24; Jonathan Boucher, A Letter from a Virginian to the Members of the Congress (New York, 1774), 24-25; and No. 3 The Dougliad. On Liberty...(New York, 1770), 1.
4. See Jonathan Mayhew, A Discourse Concerning Unlimited Submission and Non-Resistance to the Higher Powers...(Boston, 1750) in Bailyn, Pamphlets; The Snare Broken. A Thanks-giving Discourse. (Boston, 1766), 35. Andrew Eliot, A Sermon Preached Before his Excellency Francis Bernard, Esq. Governor...(Boston, 1765), 10, 17, William Hicks, The Nature and Extent of Parliamentary Power Considered...(Philadelphia, 1768), xv., and A Serious Address...Boston-Port Act (New York 1774), 4; also Samuel Seabury, The Congress Canvassed...(New York 1774), 24; Jonathan Boucher, A Letter from a Virginian to the Members of the Congress (New York, 1774), 24-25; and No. 3 The Dougliad. On Liberty...(New York, 1770), 1.
5. See Jonathan Mayhew, A Discourse Concerning Unlimited Submission and Non-Resistance to the Higher Powers...(Boston, 1750) in Bailyn, Pamphlets; The Snare Broken. A Thanks-giving Discourse. (Boston, 1766), 35. Andrew Eliot, A Sermon Preached Before his Excellency Francis Bernard, Esq. Governor...(Boston, 1765), 10, 17, William Hicks, The Nature and Extent of Parliamentary Power Considered...(Philadelphia, 1768), xv., and A Serious Address...Boston-Port Act (New York 1774), 4; also Samuel Seabury, The Congress Canvassed...(New York 1774), 24; Jonathan Boucher, A Letter from a Virginian to the Members of the Congress (New York, 1774), 24-25; and No. 3 The Dougliad. On Liberty...(New York, 1770), 1.
6. See Jonathan Mayhew, A Discourse Concerning Unlimited Submission and Non-Resistance to the Higher Powers...(Boston, 1750) in Bailyn, Pamphlets; The Snare Broken. A Thanks-giving Discourse. (Boston, 1766), 35. Andrew Eliot, A Sermon Preached Before his Excellency Francis Bernard, Esq. Governor...(Boston, 1765), 10, 17, William Hicks, The Nature and Extent of Parliamentary Power Considered...(Philadelphia, 1768), xv., and A Serious Address...Boston-Port Act (New York 1774), 4; also Samuel Seabury, The Congress Canvassed...(New York 1774), 24; Jonathan Boucher, A Letter from a Virginian to the Members of the Congress (New York, 1774), 24-25; and No. 3 The Dougliad. On Liberty...(New York, 1770), 1.
7. See Jonathan Mayhew, A Discourse Concerning Unlimited Submission and Non-Resistance to the Higher Powers...(Boston, 1750) in Bailyn, Pamphlets; The Snare Broken. A Thanks-giving Discourse. (Boston, 1766), 35. Andrew Eliot, A Sermon Preached Before his Excellency Francis Bernard, Esq. Governor...(Boston, 1765), 10, 17, William Hicks, The Nature and Extent of Parliamentary Power Considered...(Philadelphia, 1768), xv., and A Serious Address...Boston-Port Act (New York 1774), 4; also Samuel Seabury, The Congress Canvassed...(New York 1774), 24; Jonathan Boucher, A Letter from a Virginian to the Members of the Congress (New York, 1774), 24-25; and No. 3 The Dougliad. On Liberty...(New York, 1770), 1.
8. See Jonathan Mayhew, A Discourse Concerning Unlimited Submission and Non-Resistance to the Higher Powers...(Boston, 1750) in Bailyn, Pamphlets; The Snare Broken. A Thanks-giving Discourse. (Boston, 1766), 35. Andrew Eliot, A Sermon Preached Before his Excellency Francis Bernard, Esq. Governor...(Boston, 1765), 10, 17, William Hicks, The Nature and Extent of Parliamentary Power Considered...(Philadelphia, 1768), xv., and A Serious Address...Boston-Port Act (New York 1774), 4; also Samuel Seabury, The Congress Canvassed...(New York 1774), 24; Jonathan Boucher, A Letter from a Virginian to the Members of the Congress (New York, 1774), 24-25; and No. 3 The Dougliad. On Liberty...(New York, 1770), 1.
9. See Jonathan Mayhew, A Discourse Concerning Unlimited Submission and Non-Resistance to the Higher Powers...(Boston, 1750) in Bailyn, Pamphlets; The Snare Broken. A Thanks-giving Discourse. (Boston, 1766), 35. Andrew Eliot, A Sermon Preached Before his Excellency Francis Bernard, Esq. Governor...(Boston, 1765), 10, 17, William Hicks, The Nature and Extent of Parliamentary Power Considered...(Philadelphia, 1768), xv., and A Serious Address...Boston-Port Act (New York 1774), 4; also Samuel Seabury, The Congress Canvassed...(New York 1774), 24; Jonathan Boucher, A Letter from a Virginian to the Members of the Congress (New York, 1774), 24-25; and No. 3 The Dougliad. On Liberty...(New York, 1770), 1.
10. Stephen M. Dworetz, The Unvarnished Doctrine: Locke, Liberalism, and the American Revolution (Durham, 1990), 34-37.
11. Jerome Huyler, Locke in America (Lawrence, 1995).
12. Michael Zuckert, The Natural Rights Republic (Notre Dame, 1996).
13. John Dunn, "The Politics of Locke in England and America in the Eighteenth Century," John Locke, Problems and Perspectives, ed. John Yolton (Cambridge, 1969), 74-78.
14. Donald Lutz, "The Relative Influence of European Writers on Late Eighteenth Century American Political Thought," American Political Science Review, 78 (1984), 189-97.
15. Cf. J.G.A Pocock, The Machiavellian Moment (Princeton, 1975), ch. 15.
16. See Bernard Bailyn, Ideological Origins of the American Revolution (Cambridge, Mass., 1967), 34-35. Since Trenchard and Gordon were not advocates of revolution, this is perhaps unsurprising.
17. This claim is made by Clinton Rossiter, Seedtime of the Republic (New York, 1953), 358; also Joyce Oldham Appleby, "The Social Origins of American Revolutionary Ideology" Journal of American History, 64 (1978), 935-58; Thomas Pangle, The Spirit of Modern Republicanism: The Moral Vision of the American Founders and the Philosophy of Locke (Chicago, 1988); Ronald Hamowy, "Cato's Letters, John Locke, and the Republican Paradigm," History of Political Thought, 11 (1990), 273-94 and "Jefferson and the Scottish Enlightenment: A critique of Gary Willis's 'Inventing America: Jefferson's Declaration of Independence,'" William and Mary Quarterly, 36 (1979), 503-23; Isaac Kramnick, Republicanism and Bourgeoisie Radicalism: Political Ideology in Late Eighteenth-Century England and America (Cornell, 1990); Paul Rahe, Republics Ancient and Modern (Chapel Hill, 1992).
18. This claim is made by Clinton Rossiter, Seedtime of the Republic (New York, 1953), 358; also Joyce Oldham Appleby, "The Social Origins of American Revolutionary Ideology" Journal of American History, 64 (1978), 935-58; Thomas Pangle, The Spirit of Modern Republicanism: The Moral Vision of the American Founders and the Philosophy of Locke (Chicago, 1988); Ronald Hamowy, "Cato's Letters, John Locke, and the Republican Paradigm," History of Political Thought, 11 (1990), 273-94 and "Jefferson and the Scottish Enlightenment: A critique of Gary Willis's 'Inventing America: Jefferson's Declaration of Independence,'" William and Mary Quarterly, 36 (1979), 503-23; Isaac Kramnick, Republicanism and Bourgeoisie Radicalism: Political Ideology in Late Eighteenth-Century England and America (Cornell, 1990); Paul Rahe, Republics Ancient and Modern (Chapel Hill, 1992).
19. This claim is made by Clinton Rossiter, Seedtime of the Republic (New York, 1953), 358; also Joyce Oldham Appleby, "The Social Origins of American Revolutionary Ideology" Journal of American History, 64 (1978), 935-58; Thomas Pangle, The Spirit of Modern Republicanism: The Moral Vision of the American Founders and the Philosophy of Locke (Chicago, 1988); Ronald Hamowy, "Cato's Letters, John Locke, and the Republican Paradigm," History of Political Thought, 11 (1990), 273-94 and "Jefferson and the Scottish Enlightenment: A critique of Gary Willis's 'Inventing America: Jefferson's Declaration of Independence,'" William and Mary Quarterly, 36 (1979), 503-23; Isaac Kramnick, Republicanism and Bourgeoisie Radicalism: Political Ideology in Late Eighteenth-Century England and America (Cornell, 1990); Paul Rahe, Republics Ancient and Modern (Chapel Hill, 1992).
20. This claim is made by Clinton Rossiter, Seedtime of the Republic (New York, 1953), 358; also Joyce Oldham Appleby, "The Social Origins of American Revolutionary Ideology" Journal of American History, 64 (1978), 935-58; Thomas Pangle, The Spirit of Modern Republicanism: The Moral Vision of the American Founders and the Philosophy of Locke (Chicago, 1988); Ronald Hamowy, "Cato's Letters, John Locke, and the Republican Paradigm," History of Political Thought, 11 (1990), 273-94 and "Jefferson and the Scottish Enlightenment: A critique of Gary Willis's 'Inventing America: Jefferson's Declaration of Independence,'" William and Mary Quarterly, 36 (1979), 503-23; Isaac Kramnick, Republicanism and Bourgeoisie Radicalism: Political Ideology in Late Eighteenth-Century England and America (Cornell, 1990); Paul Rahe, Republics Ancient and Modern (Chapel Hill, 1992).
21. This claim is made by Clinton Rossiter, Seedtime of the Republic (New York, 1953), 358; also Joyce Oldham Appleby, "The Social Origins of American Revolutionary Ideology" Journal of American History, 64 (1978), 935-58; Thomas Pangle, The Spirit of Modern Republicanism: The Moral Vision of the American Founders and the Philosophy of Locke (Chicago, 1988); Ronald Hamowy, "Cato's Letters, John Locke, and the Republican Paradigm," History of Political Thought, 11 (1990), 273-94 and "Jefferson and the Scottish Enlightenment: A critique of Gary Willis's 'Inventing America: Jefferson's Declaration of Independence,'" William and Mary Quarterly, 36 (1979), 503-23; Isaac Kramnick, Republicanism and Bourgeoisie Radicalism: Political Ideology in Late Eighteenth-Century England and America (Cornell, 1990); Paul Rahe, Republics Ancient and Modern (Chapel Hill, 1992).
22. This claim is made by Clinton Rossiter, Seedtime of the Republic (New York, 1953), 358; also Joyce Oldham Appleby, "The Social Origins of American Revolutionary Ideology" Journal of American History, 64 (1978), 935-58; Thomas Pangle, The Spirit of Modern Republicanism: The Moral Vision of the American Founders and the Philosophy of Locke (Chicago, 1988); Ronald Hamowy, "Cato's Letters, John Locke, and the Republican Paradigm," History of Political Thought, 11 (1990), 273-94 and "Jefferson and the Scottish Enlightenment: A critique of Gary Willis's 'Inventing America: Jefferson's Declaration of Independence,'" William and Mary Quarterly, 36 (1979), 503-23; Isaac Kramnick, Republicanism and Bourgeoisie Radicalism: Political Ideology in Late Eighteenth-Century England and America (Cornell, 1990); Paul Rahe, Republics Ancient and Modern (Chapel Hill, 1992).
23. This claim is made by Clinton Rossiter, Seedtime of the Republic (New York, 1953), 358; also Joyce Oldham Appleby, "The Social Origins of American Revolutionary Ideology" Journal of American History, 64 (1978), 935-58; Thomas Pangle, The Spirit of Modern Republicanism: The Moral Vision of the American Founders and the Philosophy of Locke (Chicago, 1988); Ronald Hamowy, "Cato's Letters, John Locke, and the Republican Paradigm," History of Political Thought, 11 (1990), 273-94 and "Jefferson and the Scottish Enlightenment: A critique of Gary Willis's 'Inventing America: Jefferson's Declaration of Independence,'" William and Mary Quarterly, 36 (1979), 503-23; Isaac Kramnick, Republicanism and Bourgeoisie Radicalism: Political Ideology in Late Eighteenth-Century England and America (Cornell, 1990); Paul Rahe, Republics Ancient and Modern (Chapel Hill, 1992).
24. None of these authors cited Locke, Coke, Blackstone, Harrington, Sidney, Cato's Letters, or Montesquieu.
25. Cf. Barry, The Myth of American Individualism: The Protestant Origins of American Political Thought (Princeton, 1994), 25-26, and Michael Zuckert, The Natural Rights Republic.
26. Cf. Barry, The Myth of American Individualism: The Protestant Origins of American Political Thought (Princeton, 1994), 25-26, and Michael Zuckert, The Natural Rights Republic.
27. In particular Alexander Martin, America. A Poem...To Which Is Added Liberty. A Poem. By Rusticus...(Philadelphia, 1769?), 17 and the anonymous A Ministerial Catechise...(Boston 1771), 6.
28. In particular Alexander Martin, America. A Poem...To Which Is Added Liberty. A Poem. By Rusticus...(Philadelphia, 1769?), 17 and the anonymous A Ministerial Catechise...(Boston 1771), 6.
29. See Charles Lee, Strictures on a Pamphlet, Entitled, A "Friendly Address to All Reasonable Americans ["]...(New London, 1775), 4; Carter Braxton, An address to the Convention of...Virginia; on the Subject of Government...(Philadelphia, 1776), 3-4; The Genuine Principles of the Ancient Sawn, or English Constitution...(Philadelphia, 1776), 3; and Thomas Paine, Common Sense...(Philadelphia, 1776), 4.
30. See Charles Lee, Strictures on a Pamphlet, Entitled, A "Friendly Address to All Reasonable Americans ["]...(New London, 1775), 4; Carter Braxton, An address to the Convention of...Virginia; on the Subject of Government...(Philadelphia, 1776), 3-4; The Genuine Principles of the Ancient Sawn, or English Constitution...(Philadelphia, 1776), 3; and Thomas Paine, Common Sense...(Philadelphia, 1776), 4.
31. See Charles Lee, Strictures on a Pamphlet, Entitled, A "Friendly Address to All Reasonable Americans ["]...(New London, 1775), 4; Carter Braxton, An address to the Convention of...Virginia; on the Subject of Government...(Philadelphia, 1776), 3-4; The Genuine Principles of the Ancient Sawn, or English Constitution...(Philadelphia, 1776), 3; and Thomas Paine, Common Sense...(Philadelphia, 1776), 4.
32. See Charles Lee, Strictures on a Pamphlet, Entitled, A "Friendly Address to All Reasonable Americans ["]...(New London, 1775), 4; Carter Braxton, An address to the Convention of...Virginia; on the Subject of Government...(Philadelphia, 1776), 3-4; The Genuine Principles of the Ancient Sawn, or English Constitution...(Philadelphia, 1776), 3; and Thomas Paine, Common Sense...(Philadelphia, 1776), 4.
33. John Locke, Two Treatises of Government, ed. Peter Laslett (Cambridge, 1988), 2.4, 6, 22, 134, 142, 155-56, 222, 225.
34. James Otis, "The Rights of the British Colonies Asserted and Proved," Pamphlets, ed. Bernard Bailyn (Boston, 1764), 421.
35. Ibid., 424.
36. Ibid., Cf. John Locke, Two Treatises of Government, 1.1.
37. Ibid., 429. Cf. John Locke, Two Treatises of Government, 2.223.
38. Ibid., 434-35.
39. Ibid., 440. Cf. John Locke, Two Treatises of Government, 2.4, 2.22.
40. Ibid., 446.
41. James Otis, "A Vindication of the British Colonies, against the Aspersions of the Halifax Gentleman, in His Letter to a Rhode Island Friend," Pamphlets, ed. Bailyn (Boston, 1765), 555.
42. Richard Bland, An Inquiry Into the Rights of the British Colonies, Intended as an Answer to ['] The Regulations Lately Made[']...(Williamsburg, 1766), 9-10.
43. Ibid., 14-15.
44. Ibid., 24-25.
45. Ibid., 26-27.
46. See also Andrew Eliot, A Sermon Preached Before his Excellency Francis Bernard, Esq. Governor...(Boston, 1765), 8, 10, 17-18, 30, 35, 42; William Hicks, The Nature and Extent of Parliamentary Power Considered, xv, 2 and Considerations upon the Rights of the Colonists to the Privileges of British Subjects...(New York, 1766), 16; A Serious Address...Boston Port Act, 4; Stephen Johnson, Some Important Observations...(Newport, 1766), 10-11, 18-23; Silas Downer, A Discourse...At the Dedication of the Tree of Liberty...(Providence, 1768), 5, 14; The Votes and Proceedings of the Freeholders...of...Boston...(Boston, 1772), 2-6, 10, 33; The Speeches of...Governor Hutchinson to the General Assembly...With the Answers of His Majesty's Council and the House of Representatives Respectively...(Boston, 1773), 90, 111-12; Philip Livingston, The Other Side of the Question...in Answer to a Late Friendly Address to All Reasonable Americans...(New York, 1774), 12-13; John Allen, An Oration on the Beauties of Liberty...(Boston 1773), VI-XIII, 66ff and The American Alarm, or the Bostonian Plea, for the Rights, and Liberties, of the People...(Boston, 1773), 6-8; John Carmichael, A Self-Defensive War Lawful...(Lancaster, Pa., 1775), 9-12; Moses Mather, America's Appeal to the Impartial World...(Hartford, 1775), 5-6, 95.
47. See also Andrew Eliot, A Sermon Preached Before his Excellency Francis Bernard, Esq. Governor...(Boston, 1765), 8, 10, 17-18, 30, 35, 42; William Hicks, The Nature and Extent of Parliamentary Power Considered, xv, 2 and Considerations upon the Rights of the Colonists to the Privileges of British Subjects...(New York, 1766), 16; A Serious Address...Boston Port Act, 4; Stephen Johnson, Some Important Observations...(Newport, 1766), 10-11, 18-23; Silas Downer, A Discourse...At the Dedication of the Tree of Liberty...(Providence, 1768), 5, 14; The Votes and Proceedings of the Freeholders...of...Boston...(Boston, 1772), 2-6, 10, 33; The Speeches of...Governor Hutchinson to the General Assembly...With the Answers of His Majesty's Council and the House of Representatives Respectively...(Boston, 1773), 90, 111-12; Philip Livingston, The Other Side of the Question...in Answer to a Late Friendly Address to All Reasonable Americans...(New York, 1774), 12-13; John Allen, An Oration on the Beauties of Liberty...(Boston 1773), VI-XIII, 66ff and The American Alarm, or the Bostonian Plea, for the Rights, and Liberties, of the People...(Boston, 1773), 6-8; John Carmichael, A Self-Defensive War Lawful...(Lancaster, Pa., 1775), 9-12; Moses Mather, America's Appeal to the Impartial World...(Hartford, 1775), 5-6, 95.
48. See also Andrew Eliot, A Sermon Preached Before his Excellency Francis Bernard, Esq. Governor...(Boston, 1765), 8, 10, 17-18, 30, 35, 42; William Hicks, The Nature and Extent of Parliamentary Power Considered, xv, 2 and Considerations upon the Rights of the Colonists to the Privileges of British Subjects...(New York, 1766), 16; A Serious Address...Boston Port Act, 4; Stephen Johnson, Some Important Observations...(Newport, 1766), 10-11, 18-23; Silas Downer, A Discourse...At the Dedication of the Tree of Liberty...(Providence, 1768), 5, 14; The Votes and Proceedings of the Freeholders...of...Boston...(Boston, 1772), 2-6, 10, 33; The Speeches of...Governor Hutchinson to the General Assembly...With the Answers of His Majesty's Council and the House of Representatives Respectively...(Boston, 1773), 90, 111-12; Philip Livingston, The Other Side of the Question...in Answer to a Late Friendly Address to All Reasonable Americans...(New York, 1774), 12-13; John Allen, An Oration on the Beauties of Liberty...(Boston 1773), VI-XIII, 66ff and The American Alarm, or the Bostonian Plea, for the Rights, and Liberties, of the People...(Boston, 1773), 6-8; John Carmichael, A Self-Defensive War Lawful...(Lancaster, Pa., 1775), 9-12; Moses Mather, America's Appeal to the Impartial World...(Hartford, 1775), 5-6, 95.
49. See also Andrew Eliot, A Sermon Preached Before his Excellency Francis Bernard, Esq. Governor...(Boston, 1765), 8, 10, 17-18, 30, 35, 42; William Hicks, The Nature and Extent of Parliamentary Power Considered, xv, 2 and Considerations upon the Rights of the Colonists to the Privileges of British Subjects...(New York, 1766), 16; A Serious Address...Boston Port Act, 4; Stephen Johnson, Some Important Observations...(Newport, 1766), 10-11, 18-23; Silas Downer, A Discourse...At the Dedication of the Tree of Liberty...(Providence, 1768), 5, 14; The Votes and Proceedings of the Freeholders...of...Boston...(Boston, 1772), 2-6, 10, 33; The Speeches of...Governor Hutchinson to the General Assembly...With the Answers of His Majesty's Council and the House of Representatives Respectively...(Boston, 1773), 90, 111-12; Philip Livingston, The Other Side of the Question...in Answer to a Late Friendly Address to All Reasonable Americans...(New York, 1774), 12-13; John Allen, An Oration on the Beauties of Liberty...(Boston 1773), VI-XIII, 66ff and The American Alarm, or the Bostonian Plea, for the Rights, and Liberties, of the People...(Boston, 1773), 6-8; John Carmichael, A Self-Defensive War Lawful...(Lancaster, Pa., 1775), 9-12; Moses Mather, America's Appeal to the Impartial World...(Hartford, 1775), 5-6, 95.
50. See also Andrew Eliot, A Sermon Preached Before his Excellency Francis Bernard, Esq. Governor...(Boston, 1765), 8, 10, 17-18, 30, 35, 42; William Hicks, The Nature and Extent of Parliamentary Power Considered, xv, 2 and Considerations upon the Rights of the Colonists to the Privileges of British Subjects...(New York, 1766), 16; A Serious Address...Boston Port Act, 4; Stephen Johnson, Some Important Observations...(Newport, 1766), 10-11, 18-23; Silas Downer, A Discourse...At the Dedication of the Tree of Liberty...(Providence, 1768), 5, 14; The Votes and Proceedings of the Freeholders...of...Boston...(Boston, 1772), 2-6, 10, 33; The Speeches of...Governor Hutchinson to the General Assembly...With the Answers of His Majesty's Council and the House of Representatives Respectively...(Boston, 1773), 90, 111-12; Philip Livingston, The Other Side of the Question...in Answer to a Late Friendly Address to All Reasonable Americans...(New York, 1774), 12-13; John Allen, An Oration on the Beauties of Liberty...(Boston 1773), VI-XIII, 66ff and The American Alarm, or the Bostonian Plea, for the Rights, and Liberties, of the People...(Boston, 1773), 6-8; John Carmichael, A Self-Defensive War Lawful...(Lancaster, Pa., 1775), 9-12; Moses Mather, America's Appeal to the Impartial World...(Hartford, 1775), 5-6, 95.
51. See also Andrew Eliot, A Sermon Preached Before his Excellency Francis Bernard, Esq. Governor...(Boston, 1765), 8, 10, 17-18, 30, 35, 42; William Hicks, The Nature and Extent of Parliamentary Power Considered, xv, 2 and Considerations upon the Rights of the Colonists to the Privileges of British Subjects...(New York, 1766), 16; A Serious Address...Boston Port Act, 4; Stephen Johnson, Some Important Observations...(Newport, 1766), 10-11, 18-23; Silas Downer, A Discourse...At the Dedication of the Tree of Liberty...(Providence, 1768), 5, 14; The Votes and Proceedings of the Freeholders...of...Boston...(Boston, 1772), 2-6, 10, 33; The Speeches of...Governor Hutchinson to the General Assembly...With the Answers of His Majesty's Council and the House of Representatives Respectively...(Boston, 1773), 90, 111-12; Philip Livingston, The Other Side of the Question...in Answer to a Late Friendly Address to All Reasonable Americans...(New York, 1774), 12-13; John Allen, An Oration on the Beauties of Liberty...(Boston 1773), VI-XIII, 66ff and The American Alarm, or the Bostonian Plea, for the Rights, and Liberties, of the People...(Boston, 1773), 6-8; John Carmichael, A Self-Defensive War Lawful...(Lancaster, Pa., 1775), 9-12; Moses Mather, America's Appeal to the Impartial World...(Hartford, 1775), 5-6, 95.
52. See also Andrew Eliot, A Sermon Preached Before his Excellency Francis Bernard, Esq. Governor...(Boston, 1765), 8, 10, 17-18, 30, 35, 42; William Hicks, The Nature and Extent of Parliamentary Power Considered, xv, 2 and Considerations upon the Rights of the Colonists to the Privileges of British Subjects...(New York, 1766), 16; A Serious Address...Boston Port Act, 4; Stephen Johnson, Some Important Observations...(Newport, 1766), 10-11, 18-23; Silas Downer, A Discourse...At the Dedication of the Tree of Liberty...(Providence, 1768), 5, 14; The Votes and Proceedings of the Freeholders...of...Boston...(Boston, 1772), 2-6, 10, 33; The Speeches of...Governor Hutchinson to the General Assembly...With the Answers of His Majesty's Council and the House of Representatives Respectively...(Boston, 1773), 90, 111-12; Philip Livingston, The Other Side of the Question...in Answer to a Late Friendly Address to All Reasonable Americans...(New York, 1774), 12-13; John Allen, An Oration on the Beauties of Liberty...(Boston 1773), VI-XIII, 66ff and The American Alarm, or the Bostonian Plea, for the Rights, and Liberties, of the People...(Boston, 1773), 6-8; John Carmichael, A Self-Defensive War Lawful...(Lancaster, Pa., 1775), 9-12; Moses Mather, America's Appeal to the Impartial World...(Hartford, 1775), 5-6, 95.
53. See also Andrew Eliot, A Sermon Preached Before his Excellency Francis Bernard, Esq. Governor...(Boston, 1765), 8, 10, 17-18, 30, 35, 42; William Hicks, The Nature and Extent of Parliamentary Power Considered, xv, 2 and Considerations upon the Rights of the Colonists to the Privileges of British Subjects...(New York, 1766), 16; A Serious Address...Boston Port Act, 4; Stephen Johnson, Some Important Observations...(Newport, 1766), 10-11, 18-23; Silas Downer, A Discourse...At the Dedication of the Tree of Liberty...(Providence, 1768), 5, 14; The Votes and Proceedings of the Freeholders...of...Boston...(Boston, 1772), 2-6, 10, 33; The Speeches of...Governor Hutchinson to the General Assembly...With the Answers of His Majesty's Council and the House of Representatives Respectively...(Boston, 1773), 90, 111-12; Philip Livingston, The Other Side of the Question...in Answer to a Late Friendly Address to All Reasonable Americans...(New York, 1774), 12-13; John Allen, An Oration on the Beauties of Liberty...(Boston 1773), VI-XIII, 66ff and The American Alarm, or the Bostonian Plea, for the Rights, and Liberties, of the People...(Boston, 1773), 6-8; John Carmichael, A Self-Defensive War Lawful...(Lancaster, Pa., 1775), 9-12; Moses Mather, America's Appeal to the Impartial World...(Hartford, 1775), 5-6, 95.
54. See also Andrew Eliot, A Sermon Preached Before his Excellency Francis Bernard, Esq. Governor...(Boston, 1765), 8, 10, 17-18, 30, 35, 42; William Hicks, The Nature and Extent of Parliamentary Power Considered, xv, 2 and Considerations upon the Rights of the Colonists to the Privileges of British Subjects...(New York, 1766), 16; A Serious Address...Boston Port Act, 4; Stephen Johnson, Some Important Observations...(Newport, 1766), 10-11, 18-23; Silas Downer, A Discourse...At the Dedication of the Tree of Liberty...(Providence, 1768), 5, 14; The Votes and Proceedings of the Freeholders...of...Boston...(Boston, 1772), 2-6, 10, 33; The Speeches of...Governor Hutchinson to the General Assembly...With the Answers of His Majesty's Council and the House of Representatives Respectively...(Boston, 1773), 90, 111-12; Philip Livingston, The Other Side of the Question...in Answer to a Late Friendly Address to All Reasonable Americans...(New York, 1774), 12-13; John Allen, An Oration on the Beauties of Liberty...(Boston 1773), VI-XIII, 66ff and The American Alarm, or the Bostonian Plea, for the Rights, and Liberties, of the People...(Boston, 1773), 6-8; John Carmichael, A Self-Defensive War Lawful...(Lancaster, Pa., 1775), 9-12; Moses Mather, America's Appeal to the Impartial World...(Hartford, 1775), 5-6, 95.
55. See also Andrew Eliot, A Sermon Preached Before his Excellency Francis Bernard, Esq. Governor...(Boston, 1765), 8, 10, 17-18, 30, 35, 42; William Hicks, The Nature and Extent of Parliamentary Power Considered, xv, 2 and Considerations upon the Rights of the Colonists to the Privileges of British Subjects...(New York, 1766), 16; A Serious Address...Boston Port Act, 4; Stephen Johnson, Some Important Observations...(Newport, 1766), 10-11, 18-23; Silas Downer, A Discourse...At the Dedication of the Tree of Liberty...(Providence, 1768), 5, 14; The Votes and Proceedings of the Freeholders...of...Boston...(Boston, 1772), 2-6, 10, 33; The Speeches of...Governor Hutchinson to the General Assembly...With the Answers of His Majesty's Council and the House of Representatives Respectively...(Boston, 1773), 90, 111-12; Philip Livingston, The Other Side of the Question...in Answer to a Late Friendly Address to All Reasonable Americans...(New York, 1774), 12-13; John Allen, An Oration on the Beauties of Liberty...(Boston 1773), VI-XIII, 66ff and The American Alarm, or the Bostonian Plea, for the Rights, and Liberties, of the People...(Boston, 1773), 6-8; John Carmichael, A Self-Defensive War Lawful...(Lancaster, Pa., 1775), 9-12; Moses Mather, America's Appeal to the Impartial World...(Hartford, 1775), 5-6, 95.
56. See also Andrew Eliot, A Sermon Preached Before his Excellency Francis Bernard, Esq. Governor...(Boston, 1765), 8, 10, 17-18, 30, 35, 42; William Hicks, The Nature and Extent of Parliamentary Power Considered, xv, 2 and Considerations upon the Rights of the Colonists to the Privileges of British Subjects...(New York, 1766), 16; A Serious Address...Boston Port Act, 4; Stephen Johnson, Some Important Observations...(Newport, 1766), 10-11, 18-23; Silas Downer, A Discourse...At the Dedication of the Tree of Liberty...(Providence, 1768), 5, 14; The Votes and Proceedings of the Freeholders...of...Boston...(Boston, 1772), 2-6, 10, 33; The Speeches of...Governor Hutchinson to the General Assembly...With the Answers of His Majesty's Council and the House of Representatives Respectively...(Boston, 1773), 90, 111-12; Philip Livingston, The Other Side of the Question...in Answer to a Late Friendly Address to All Reasonable Americans...(New York, 1774), 12-13; John Allen, An Oration on the Beauties of Liberty...(Boston 1773), VI-XIII, 66ff and The American Alarm, or the Bostonian Plea, for the Rights, and Liberties, of the People...(Boston, 1773), 6-8; John Carmichael, A Self-Defensive War Lawful...(Lancaster, Pa., 1775), 9-12; Moses Mather, America's Appeal to the Impartial World...(Hartford, 1775), 5-6, 95.
57. See also Andrew Eliot, A Sermon Preached Before his Excellency Francis Bernard, Esq. Governor...(Boston, 1765), 8, 10, 17-18, 30, 35, 42; William Hicks, The Nature and Extent of Parliamentary Power Considered, xv, 2 and Considerations upon the Rights of the Colonists to the Privileges of British Subjects...(New York, 1766), 16; A Serious Address...Boston Port Act, 4; Stephen Johnson, Some Important Observations...(Newport, 1766), 10-11, 18-23; Silas Downer, A Discourse...At the Dedication of the Tree of Liberty...(Providence, 1768), 5, 14; The Votes and Proceedings of the Freeholders...of...Boston...(Boston, 1772), 2-6, 10, 33; The Speeches of...Governor Hutchinson to the General Assembly...With the Answers of His Majesty's Council and the House of Representatives Respectively...(Boston, 1773), 90, 111-12; Philip Livingston, The Other Side of the Question...in Answer to a Late Friendly Address to All Reasonable Americans...(New York, 1774), 12-13; John Allen, An Oration on the Beauties of Liberty...(Boston 1773), VI-XIII, 66ff and The American Alarm, or the Bostonian Plea, for the Rights, and Liberties, of the People...(Boston, 1773), 6-8; John Carmichael, A Self-Defensive War Lawful...(Lancaster, Pa., 1775), 9-12; Moses Mather, America's Appeal to the Impartial World...(Hartford, 1775), 5-6, 95.
58. Mayhew, A Discourse Concerning Unlimited Submission.
59. Carmichael, A Self-Defensive War Lawful.
60. Oliver Noble, Some Strictures upon the...Book of Ester, Shewing the Power and Oppression of State Ministers...(Newburyport, 1775).
61. John Locke, A Paraphrase and Notes on the Epistles of St Paul to the Galatians, 1 and 2 Corinthians, Romans, and Ephesians (Vol. 2), ed. Arthur Wainwright (Oxford, 1987), Romans 13; See Dworetz, The Unvarnished Doctrine, 157 ff.
62. John Locke, A Paraphrase and Notes on the Epistles of St Paul to the Galatians, 1 and 2 Corinthians, Romans, and Ephesians (Vol. 2), ed. Arthur Wainwright (Oxford, 1987), Romans 13; See Dworetz, The Unvarnished Doctrine, 157 ff.
63. Mayhew, The Snare Broken, 35.
64. See Oliver Noble's Some Strictures upon the...Book of Ester.
65. See The Natural Rights Republic, 148-201.
66. Ibid., 172; and cf. Dworitz, The Unvarnished Doctrine.
67. Ibid., 172; and cf. Dworitz, The Unvarnished Doctrine.
68. Alex Tuckness, "The Coherence of a Mind: John Locke and the Law of Nature," Journal of the History of Philosophy, 37 (1999), 73-90.
69. See Maurice Moore, The Justice and Policy of Taxing the American Colonies, in Great Britain, Considered...(Wilmington, N.C., 1765); Hicks, Considerations upon the Rights of the Colonists; and Joseph Emerson, A Thanksgiving-Sermon preach'd at Pepperall...(Boston 1766).
70. See Maurice Moore, The Justice and Policy of Taxing the American Colonies, in Great Britain, Considered...(Wilmington, N.C., 1765); Hicks, Considerations upon the Rights of the Colonists; and Joseph Emerson, A Thanksgiving-Sermon preach'd at Pepperall...(Boston 1766).
71. See Maurice Moore, The Justice and Policy of Taxing the American Colonies, in Great Britain, Considered...(Wilmington, N.C., 1765); Hicks, Considerations upon the Rights of the Colonists; and Joseph Emerson, A Thanksgiving-Sermon preach'd at Pepperall...(Boston 1766).
72. Bland, An Inquiry into the Rights, 7-8.
73. See Peter Laslett's introduction to Locke's Two Treatises of Government.
74. Joseph Emerson, A Thanksgiving-Sermon preach'd at Pepperall, 9-10.
75. Ibid., 27, 29.
76. Mather, America's Appeal to the Impartial World, 4.
77. Ibid., 5-6
78. Ibid., 65.
79. Zuckert, The Natural Rights Republic, 99-101.
80. Bland, An Inquiry into the Rights, 15-20.
81. Hamowy, "Cato's Letters, John Locke and the Republican Paradigm," 273.
82. Quentin Skinner, Liberty before Liberalism (Cambridge, 1998), 17-36.
83. Algernon Sidney, Discourses Concerning Government (New York, 1979), 81.
84. See Hamowy, "Cato's Letters, John Locke and the Republican Paradigm," 273-94; Huyler, Locke in America, 224-30; and Alan Craig Houston, Algernon Sidney and the Republican Heritage in England and America (Princeton, 1991).
85. See Hamowy, "Cato's Letters, John Locke and the Republican Paradigm," 273-94; Huyler, Locke in America, 224-30; and Alan Craig Houston, Algernon Sidney and the Republican Heritage in England and America (Princeton, 1991).
86. See Hamowy, "Cato's Letters, John Locke and the Republican Paradigm," 273-94; Huyler, Locke in America, 224-30; and Alan Craig Houston, Algernon Sidney and the Republican Heritage in England and America (Princeton, 1991).
87. Blair Worden, "Factory of the Revolution," London Review of Books, 5 February 1998, 13-15.
88. Quentin Skinner, Liberty Before Liberalism, 71-72.
89. Two Treatises of Government, 2.4.
90. Barry Shain, The Myth of American Individualism, 119-20.
91. J. G. A. Pocock, The Machiavellian Moment, 506-7.
92. Two Treatises of Government, 2.128, 158, 222, 223.
93. Ibid., 222; Locke, Some Thoughts Concerning Education, ed. John W. and Jean S. Yolton (Oxford, 1989), 18-23.
94. Ibid., 222; Locke, Some Thoughts Concerning Education, ed. John W. and Jean S. Yolton (Oxford, 1989), 18-23.
95. The Myth of American Individualism, Ch. 1.
96. Two Treatises of Government, 2.3, 135, 142, 158, 160, 164-66, 199, 200, 215, 222, 229, 239.
97. Wood, Creation of the American Republic, 1776-1787 (New York, 1972), 53-65.
98. Wood, American Republic, 107-18.
99. C. B. MacPherson, The Political Theory of Possessive Individualism: Hobbes to Locke (Oxford, 1962).
100. See John Dunn, The Political Thought of John Locke (Cambridge, 1969); and James Tully, A Discourse on Property: John Locke and His Adversaries (Cambridge, 1980).
101. See John Dunn, The Political Thought of John Locke (Cambridge, 1969); and James Tully, A Discourse on Property: John Locke and His Adversaries (Cambridge, 1980).
102. Neal Wood, John Locke and Agrarian Capitalism (Berkeley, 1984).
103. Barbara Arneil, John Locke and America: The Defense of English Colonialism (Oxford, 1996).
104. On Locke and "trust" see John Dunn, "The Concept of Trust in the Politics of John Locke," Philosophy in History, ed. Richard Rorty et al. (Cambridge, 1984).
105. J. G. A. Pocock, Machiavellian Moment, 518.
106. Skinner, Liberty Before Liberalism, 27-29.
107. Dickinson, Letters from a Farmer in Pennsylvania...(Philadelphia, 1768; New York, 1903), 13-26.
108. Ibid., 118-31.
109. Ibid., 77-78.