The effects of initial tree spacing on the fibre properties of plantation-grown coastal western hemlock

Canadian Journal of Forest Research

Volumn 33, Issue 12, 2003, Pages 2460-2468

  Watson, Paul ^a   Garner, Cameron ^a   Robertson, Robin ^a   Reath, Sandy ^a   Gee, Wai ^a   Hunt, Ken ^a  

^a PAPRICAN   (Canada)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

CELLS; DENSITY (SPECIFIC GRAVITY); ECONOMICS; FIBERS; QUALITY CONTROL; WOOD;

CELL WALL; END PRODUCTS;

FORESTRY;

PLANTATION; SILVICULTURE; SPACING; WOOD QUALITY;

CELLS; DENSITY; ECONOMICS; FIBERS; FORESTRY; QUALITY CONTROL; SILVICULTURE; WOOD;

CONIUM; CONIUM MACULATUM; TSUGA; TSUGA HETEROPHYLLA;

EID: 1642342718     PISSN: 00455067     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1139/x03-171     Document Type: Article

References (33)

1. B.C. Ministry of Forests. 1994. Forestry in British Columbia. British Columbia Ministry of Forests, Victoria, B.C.
2. Bergqvist, G., Bergsten, U., and Ahlqvist, B. 1997. Effect of radial increment core diameter on tracheid length measurement in Norway spruce. Wood Sci. Technol. 31: 241.
3. Briggs, D.G., and Smith, W.R. 1985. Effects of silvicultural practices on wood properties in conifers: a review. Chap. 16. In Douglas-fir: Stand Management for the Future. Proceedings of a symposium held at the University of Washington, 18-20 June 1985. Edited by C.D. Oliver, D.P. Hanley, and J.A. Johnson. College of Forest Resources, University of Washington, Seattle, Wash.
4. Brown, C.L. 1970. Physiology of wood formation in conifers. Wood Sci. 3: 8-22.
5. Cown, D.J. 1973. The effects of severe thinning and pruning treatments on the intrinsic wood properties of young radiata pine. N.Z. J. For. Sci. 3: 379-389.
6. Cown, D.J. 1974. Comparison of the effects of two thinning regimes on some wood properties of radiata pine. N.Z. J. For. Sci. 4: 540-551.
7. DeBell, J.D., Tappeiner, J.C., II, and Krahmer, R.L. 1994. Wood density of western hemlock: effect of ring width. Can. J. For. Res. 24: 638.
8. Gee, W.Y., and Hatton, J.V. 1991. Simple method for the mass production of discrete kraft pulp samples. Tappi, 74: 221.
9. Gonzalez, J.S. 1990. Wood density of Canadian tree species. For. Can. Inf. Rep. NOR-X-315.
10. Hatton, J.V. 1997a. Wood quality/fiber property relationships for 13-year old western hemlock progeny. Pulp and Paper Research Institute of Canada, Vancouver, B.C. Pulp and Paper Rep. 1276.
11. Hatton, I.V. 1997b. Pulping and papermaking properties of managed second-growth softwoods. Tappi, 80: 178.
12. Hatton, J.V., Hunt, K., and Gee, W.Y. 1996. Effects of spacing on the basic relative density, wood and fiber properties of plantation grown western red cedar. Pulp and Paper Research Institute of Canada, Vancouver, B.C. Pulp and Paper Rep. 1239.
13. Hosie, R.C. 1979. Native trees of Canada. 8th ed. Fitzhenry and Whiteside Ltd. in cooperation with the Canadian Forestry Service (Environment Canada) and the Canadian Government Publishing Centre, Don Mills, Ont.
14. Hynyen, J. 1995. Predicting tree crown ratio for unthinned and thinned Scots pine stands. Can. J. For. Res. 25: 57-62.
15. Jang, H.F., and Seth, R.S. 1998. Characterization using confocal microscopy of the collapse behaviour of papermaking fibers. Presented at the 84th Annual Meeting of the CPPA Technical Section, Montréal, Que. Technical Section, Canadian Pulp and Paper Association, Montréal, Que.
16. Jang, H.F., Robertson, A.G., and Seth, R.S. 1991. Optical sectioning of pulp fibers using confocal scanning laser microscopy. Tappi, 74: 217.
17. Jang, H.F., Robertson, A.G., and Seth, R.S. 1992. Transverse dimensions of wood pulp fibers by confocal laser scanning microscopy and image analysis. J. Mater. Sci. 27: 6391.
18. Josza, L., and Middleton, G.R. 1994. A discussion of wood quality attributes and their implications. Forintek Canada Corp., Vancouver, B.C. Spec. Publ. SP-34.
19. Josza, L.A., Munro, B.D., and Sen, P. 1997. Basic wood properties of second growth western hemlock. Report. Forintek Canada Corp., Vancouver, B.C.
20. Krahmer, R.L. 1966. Variation of specific gravity in western hemlock trees. Tappi, 49: 227.
21. Kramer, P.J., and Kozlowski, T.T. 1979. Physiology of wood plants. Academic Press Inc., Orlando, Fla.
22. Larson, P.R. 1969. Wood formation and the concept of wood quality. School of Forestry, Yale University, New Haven, Conn. Bull. 74.
23. McClain, K.M., Morris, D.M., Hill, S.C., and Buse, L.J. 1994. The effects of initial spacing on growth and crown development for planted northern conifers: 37-year results. For. Chron. 70: 174.
24. Megraw, R.A. 1985. Wood quality factors in loblolly pine - the influence of tree age, position in tree and cultural practice on wood specific gravity, fiber length and fibril angle. TAPPI Press, Atlanta, Ga.
25. Power, C., Main, M., and Cunningham, L. 1997. UBC Malcolm Knapp Research Forest Project 57-5. The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, B.C.
26. Reukema, D.L., and Smith, J.H.G. 1987. Development over 25 years of Douglas fir, western hemlock and western red cedar planted at various spacings on a very good site in British Columbia. U.S. For. Serv. Res. Pap. PNW-RP-381.
27. Seth, R.S. 1990. Fiber quality factors in papermaking (2). Importance of fiber coarseness. Materials Research Society Symposium Proceedings. Vol. 197. Materials Research Society, Pittsburgh, Pa. pp. 143-161.
28. Shupe, T.F., Choong, E.T., Stokke, D.D., and Gibson, M.D. 1996. Variation in cell dimensions and fibril angle for two fertilized even-aged loblolly pine plantations. Wood Fiber Sci. 28: 269.
29. Smith, J.H.G. 1980. Influences of spacing on radial growth and percentage latewood of Douglas fir, western hemlock, and western redcedar. Can. J. For. Res. 10: 169-175.
30. Smith, J.H.G. 1983. Graphical summaries and data on the UBC research forest spacing trials (57-5) to age 26 and evaluations of the results to date. Faculty of Forestry, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, B.C.
31. Wellwood, R.W. 1960. Specific gravity and tracheid length variations in second growth western hemlock. J. For. 58: 361.
32. Wimberly, M.C., and Bare, B.B. 1996. Distance-dependent and distance-independent models of Douglas fir and western hemlock basal area growth following silvicultural treatment. For. Ecol. Manage. 89: 1.
33. Yang, K.C., and Hazenberg, G. 1994. Impact of spacing on tracheid length, relative density, and growth rate of juvenile wood and mature wood in Picea mariana. Can. J. For. Res. 24: 996.