Differential sensitivity of children and adults to chemical toxicity

Human and Ecological Risk Assessment

Volumn 10, Issue 1 SPEC. ISS., 2004, Pages 21-27

  Dourson, M ^a   Charnley, G ^b   Scheuplein, R ^c   Barkhurst, M ^a  

^a Toxicology Excellence for Risk Assessment   (United States)

^b HealthRisk Strategies   (United States)

^c Keller and Heckman   (United States)

Author keywords

Children; FQPA; Reference dose; Safety factor; Uncertainty factor

Indexed keywords

EID: 1642305476     PISSN: 10807039     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1080/10807030490280927     Document Type: Conference Paper

References (17)

1. Calabrese EJ. 2001. Assessing the default assumption that children are always at risk. Hum Ecol Risk Assess 7:37-59
2. Dourson ML, Knauf, LA, and Swartout JC. 1992. On reference dose (RfD) and its underlying toxicity data base. Toxicol Ind Health 8:171-189
3. Evans LS and Kleiman MB. 1986. Acidosis as a presenting feature of chloramphenicol toxicity. J Pediat 108:475-7
4. Ginsberg G, Hattis D, Sonawane B, et al. 2002. Evaluation of child/adult pharmacokinetic differences from a database derived from the therapeutic drug literature. Toxicol Sci 66:185-200
5. Glaubiger DL, von Hoff DD, Holcenberg JS, et al. 1982. The relative tolerance of children and adults to anticancer drugs. Front Radiat Ther Oncol 16:42-9
6. Mattsson JL, Maurissen JP, Nolan RJ, et al. 2000. Lack of differential sensitivity to cholinesterase inhibition in fetuses and neonates compared to dams treated perinatally with chlorpyrifos. Toxicol Sci 53:438-46
7. Mortensen SR. 1996. Maturational differences in Chloropyrifos-oxonase activity may contribute to age-related sensitivity in chlopyrifos. J Biochem Toxicol 11:279-87
8. Moser VC and Padilla S. 1998. Age- and gender-related differences in the time course of behavioral and biochemical effects produced by oral chlorpyrifos in rats. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 149:107-19
9. Naumann BD. 2001. Studies of categorical data-derived adjustment factors. Hum Ecol Risk Assess 7:61-106
10. Pope CN and Liu J. 1997. Age-related differences in sensitivity to organophosphorus pesticides. Environ Toxicol Pharmacol 4:309-14
11. Rane A. 1992. Drug disposition and action in infants and children. In: Yaffe SJ and Aranda JV (eds), Pediatric Pharmacology: Therapeutic Principles in Practice, pp 10-21. Saunders, Philadelphia, PA, USA
12. Renwick AG. 1998. Toxicokinetics in infants and children in relation to the ADI and TDI. Food Addit Contam 15:17-35
13. Shurdut BA, Barraj L, and Francis M. 1998. Aggregate exposures under the Food Quality Protection Act: An approach using chlorpyrifos. Reg Toxicol Pharmacol 28:165-77
14. Skowronski GA and Abdel-Rahman M. 2001. Relevance of IOX uncertainty factor to the risk assessment of drugs used by children and geriatrics. Hum Ecol Risk Assess 7:139-52
15. USERA (US Environmental Protection Agency). 2002. U.S Environmental Protection Agency. Determination of the appropriate FQPA safety factor(s) in tolerance assessment. Office of Pesticide Programs. Washington, DC, USA. February 28
16. Whitney KD, Seidler FJ, and Slotkin TA. 1995. Developmental neurotoxicity of chlorpyrifos: cellular mechanisms. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 134:53-62
17. Zheng Q, Olivier K, Won YK, et al. 2000. Comparative cholinergic neurotoxicity of oral chlorpyrifos exposures in preweanling and adult rats. Toxicol Sci 55:124-32