Linear and nonlinear measures of blood pressure variability: Increased chaos of blood pressure time series in patients with panic disorder

Depression and Anxiety

Volumn 19, Issue 2, 2004, Pages 85-95

  Yeragani, Vikram K ^a,d   Mallavarapu, Mallika ^b   Radhakrishna, Rao K A ^c   Tancer, Manuel ^a   Uhde, Thomas ^a  

^a WAYNE STATE UNIVERSITY SCHOOL OF MEDICINE   (United States)

^b WEILL CORNELL MEDICAL COLLEGE   (United States)

^c INDIAN INSTITUTE OF SCIENCE   (India)

^d RMV Extn ^*  (India)

Author keywords

Blood pressure; Cardiac; Chaos; Mortality; Nonlinearity; Spectral analysis; Sympathetic

Indexed keywords

ADULT; ANXIETY; ARTERIAL PRESSURE; ARTICLE; BLOOD PRESSURE MEASUREMENT; BREATHING RATE; CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE; CHAOTIC DYNAMICS; CLINICAL ARTICLE; CONTROLLED STUDY; CORRELATION ANALYSIS; DIASTOLIC BLOOD PRESSURE; DISEASE ASSOCIATION; FEMALE; HEART RATE VARIABILITY; HUMAN; HYPERTENSION; LINEAR SYSTEM; MALE; MORBIDITY; MORTALITY; NONLINEAR SYSTEM; PANIC; PARAMETER; PRIORITY JOURNAL; STANDING; SUPINE POSITION; SYMPATHETIC FUNCTION; SYSTOLIC BLOOD PRESSURE;

ADULT; AUTONOMIC NERVOUS SYSTEM; BAROREFLEX; BLOOD PRESSURE; FEMALE; HEART RATE; HUMANS; HYPERTENSION; MALE; NONLINEAR DYNAMICS; PANIC DISORDER; POSTURE; SAMPLING STUDIES; TIME FACTORS;

EID: 1642288260     PISSN: 10914269     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1002/da.10129     Document Type: Article

References (82)

1. Akselrod S, Gordon D, Ubel FA, Shannon DC, Barger AC, Cohen RJ. 1981. Power spectrum analysis of heart rate fluctuation: A quantitative probe of beat-to-beat cardiovascular control. Science 213:220-222.
2. Bellelli G, Pezzini A, Bianchetti A, Trabucchi M. 2002. Increased blood pressure variability may be associated with cognitive decline in hypertensive elderly subjects with no dementia. Arch Intern Med 162:483-484.
3. Berger RD, Akselrod S, Gordon D, Cohen RJ. 1986. An efficient algorithm for spectral analysis of heart rate variability. IEEE Trans Biomed Eng 33:900-904.
4. Berger RD, Saul JP, Cohen RJ. 1989. Transfer function analysis of autonomic regulation. I. Canine atrial rate response. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 25:H142-H152.
5. Bigger JT, Fleiss JL, Steinman R, Rolnitzky LM, Kleiger RE, Rottman JN. 1992. Frequency domain measures of heart period variability and mortality after myocardial infarction. Circulation 85:164-171.
6. Bina O, Rosen M. 1992. Mechanisms of ventricular arrhythmias. Circulation (Suppl):125-131.
7. Blanc J, Grichois ML, Elghozi JL. 1991. Effects of clonidine on blood pressure and heart rate responses to an emotional stress in the rat. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol 18:711-717.
8. Broege PA, James GD, Peters M. 1997. Anxiety coping style and daily blood pressure variation of female nurses. Blood Press Monitor 2:155-159.
9. Cao L. 1997. Practical method for determining the minimum embedding dimension of a scalar time series. Physica D 110:43-50.
10. Carney RM, Freedland KE, Sheline YI, Weiss ES. 1997. Depression and coronary heart disease: A review for cardiologists. Clin Cardiol 20:196-200.
11. DiCarlo SE, Collins HL, Rodenbaugh DR, Smitha MR, Berger RD, Yeragani VK. 2002. Daily exercise reduces heart rate and blood pressure variability in hypertensive rats. Clin Exp Hypertens 24:221-234.
12. Frasure-Smith N, Lesperance F, Taljic M. 1995. Depression and 18 month prognosis after myocardial infarction. Circulation 91:999-1005.
13. Glenny RW, Robertson HT, Yamashiro S, Bassingthwaighte JB. 1991. Application of fractal analysis to physiology. J Appl Physiol 70:2351-2367.
14. Goldberger AL, West BJ. 1987. Fractals in physiology and medicine. Yale J Biol Med 60:421-435.
15. Grassberger P, Procaccia I. 1983. Measuring the strangeness of strange attractors. Physica D 9:189-208.
16. Hagerman I, Berglund M, Lorin M, Nowak J, Sylen C. 1996. Chaos deterministic regulation of heart rate variability in time and frequency domains: Effects of autonomic blockade and exercise. Cardiovasc Res 31:410-418.
17. Huikuri HV, Makakallio T, Airaksinen KE, Mitrani R, Castellanos A, Myerburg RJ. 1999. Measurement of heart rate variability: A clinical tool or a research toy? J Am Coll Cardiol 34:1987-1883.
18. Imholz BPM, Settles JJ, van der Meiracker A. 1990. Noninvasive continuous finger blood pressure measurement during orthostatic stress compared to intra-arterial pressure. Cardiovasc Res 24:214-221.
19. Iwane M, Arita M, Tomimoto S, Satani O, Matsumoto M, Miyashita K, Nishio I. 2000. Walking 10,000 steps/day or more reduces blood pressure and sympathetic nerve activity in mild essential hypertension. Hypertens Res 23:573-580.
20. Japundzic N, Grichois ML, Zitoun P, Laude D, Elghozi JL. 1990. Spectral analysis of blood pressure and heart rate in conscious rats: Effects of autonomic blockers. J Auton Nerv Syst 30:91-100.
21. Kagiyama S, Tsukashima A, Abe I, Fujishima S, Ohmori S, Onaka U, Ohya Y, Fujii K, Tsushihashi T, Fujishima, M. 1999. Chaos and spectral analyses of heart rate variability during head-up tilting in essential hypertension. J Auton Nerv Syst 76:153-158.
22. Katz MJ. 1988. Fractals and the analysis of waveforms. Comput Biol Med 18:145-156.
23. Kawachi I, Sparrow D, Vokonas PS, Weiss ST. 1994. Symptoms of anxiety and risk of coronary heart disease: The normative aging study. Circulation 90:2225-2229.
24. Kennel MB, Brown R, Abarbanel HDI. 1992. Determining minimum embedding dimension using a geometrical construction. Phys Rev A 45:3403-3411.
25. Kleiger RE, Miller JP, Bigger JT, Moss AJ. 1987. Decreased heart rate variability and its association with increased mortality after acute myocardial infarction. Am J Cardiol 59:256-262.
26. Klein E, Cnaani E, Harel T, Braun S, Ben-Haim SA. 1995. Altered heart rate variability in panic disorder patients. Biol Psychiatry 37:18-24.
27. Kobayashi M, Musha T. 1982. 1/f fluctuation of heart period. IEEE Trans Biomed Eng 29:456-457.
28. Lindqvist A, Jalonen J, Parviainen P, Antilla K, Laitinen LA. 1990. Effect of posture on thermally stimulated cardiovascular oscillations. Cardiovasc Res 24:373-380.
29. Lown B, Verrier RL, Corbalan R. 1973. Psychologic stress and threshold for repetitive ventricular response. Science 182:834-836.
30. Makikallio TH, Hoiber S, Kober L, Torp-Pedersen C, Peng CK, Goldberger AL, Huikuri HV. 1999a. Fractal analysis of heart rate dynamics as a predictor of mortality in patients with depressed left ventricular function after acute myocardial infarction: TRACE investigators. Trandolapril cardiac evaluation. Am J Cardiol 83:836-839.
31. Malliani A, Pagani M, Lombardi F, Cerutti S. 1991. Cardiovascular neural regulation explored in the frequency domain. Circulation 84:482-492.
32. Mancia G. 1990. Blood pressure variability: Mechanisms and clinical significance. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol 6:S1-S6.
33. Mancia G, DiRienzo M, Parati G, Grassi G. 1997. Sympathetic activity, blood pressure variability and end organ damage in hypertension. J Hum Hypertens 1(Suppl):S3-S8.
34. Mancia G, Giannsttasio C, Turrini D, Grassi G, Omboni S. 1995. J Hypertens (Suppl) 13:S7-S14.
35. Middleton HC, Ashby M, Robbins TW. 1994. Reduces plasma noradrenaline and abnormal heart rate variability in resting panic disorder patients. Biol Psychiatry 36:847-849.
36. Molgaard H, Sorensen KE, Bjerregard P. 1991. Attenuated 24-hour heart rate variability in apparently healthy subjects, subsequently suffering sudden cardiac death. Clin Auton Res 1:233-237.
37. Pagani M, Mazzuero G, Ferrari A, Liberati D, Cerutti S, Vaitl D, Tavazzi L, Malliani A. 1991a. Sympathovagal interaction during mental stress: A study using spectral analysis of heart rate variability in healthy control subjects and patients with a prior myocardial infarction. Circulation 83:1143-1151.
38. Pagani M, Rimoldi O, Pizzinelli P, Furlan R, Crivellaro W, Liberati D, Cerutti S, Malliani A. 1991b. Assessment of the neural control of the circulation during psychological stress. J Auton Nerv Syst 35:33-41.
39. Parati G, DiRienzo M, Ulian L, Santucciu C, Girard A, Elghozi JL, Mancia G. 1998. Clinical relevance of blood pressure variability. J Hypertens Suppl 16:S25-S33.
40. Parati G, Pomidossi G, Albini F, Malaspina D, Mancia G. 1987. Relationship of 24-hour blood pressure mean and variability to severity of target organ damage in hypertension. J Hypertension 5:93-98.
41. Pincus SM, Gladstone IM, Ehrenkranz RA. 1991. A regulatory statistic for medical data analysis. J Clin Monit 7:335-345.
42. Pomeranz B, Macaulay RJB, Caudill MA, Kutz I, Adam D, Gordon D, Kilborn KM, Barger AC, Shannon DC, Cohen RJ, Benson H. 1985. Assessment of autonomic function in humans by heart rate spectral analysis. Am J Physiol 248:H151-H153.
43. Poon CS, Merrill CK. 1997. Decrease of cardiac chaos in congestive heart failure. Nature 389:492-495.
44. Radhakrishna RKA, Narayana Dutt D, Yeragani VK. 2000. Nonlinear measures of heart rate time series: Influence of posture and controlled breathing. Auton Neurosci 83:148-158.
45. Radhakrishna RKA, Yeragani VK. 2001. Decreased chaos and increased nonlinearity of heart rate time series in patients with panic disorder. Auton Neurosci 88:99-108.
46. Rosenstien M, Collins JJ, De Luca CJ. 1993. A practical method for calculating largest Lyapunov exponents from small data sets. Physica D 65:117-134.
47. Rozanski A, Bairey CN, Krantz DS, Friedman J, Resse KJ, Morrell M, Hilton-Shalfen S, Hestrin L, Bietendorf J, Berman DS. 1988. Mental stress and the induction of silent myocardial ischemia in patients with coronary artery disease. N Engl J Med 318:1005-1012.
48. Sano M, Sawada Y. 1985. Measurement of the Lyapunov spectrum from a chaotic time series. Phys Rev Lett 55:1082-1085.
49. Sato S, Sano M, Sawada Y. 1987. Practical methods of measuring the generalized dimension and largest Lyapunov exponents in high-dimensional chaotic systems. Progr Theor Phys 77:1-5.
50. Sega R, Corrao G, Bombelli M, Beltrame L, Fcchetti R, Grassi G, Ferrario M, Mancia G. 2002. Blood pressure variability and organ damage in a general population: Results from the PAMELA study. Hypertension 39:710-714.
51. Sloan RP, DeMeersman RE, Shapiro PA, Bagiella E, Kuhl JP, Zion AS, Paik M, Myers MM. 1997a. Cardiac autonomic control is inversely related to blood pressure variability responses to psychological challenge. Am J Physiol 272:H2227-H2232.
52. Sloan RP, DeMeersman RE, Shapiro PA, Bagiella E, Chernikhova D, Kuhl JP, Zion AS, Paik M, Myers MM. 1997b. Blood pressure variability responses to tilt are buffered by cardiac autonomic control. Am J Physiol 273:H1427-H1431.
53. Sloan RP, Shapiro PA, Bagiella E, Myers MM, Gorman JM. 1999. Cardiac autonomic control buffers blood pressure variability responses to challenge: A psychophysiologic model of coronary artery disease. Psychosom Med 61:58-68.
54. Spielberger CD, Gorusch RL, Luschene RE. 1970. State-trait anxiety inventory. Palo Alto, CA: Consulting Psychologists Press.
55. Spitzer RL, Williams JBW, Gibbon M. 1987. Structured clinical interview for DSM III-R (SCID). New York: New York State Psychiatric Institute, Biometrics Research.
56. Sulbaran TA, Silva ER, Bermudez G, Yordi EI, Castro C. 1998. Relationship between ambulatory blood pressure monitoring and response of blood pressure in male hypertensive adolescents to exercise. Blood Press Monit 3:75-81.
57. Takens F. 1980. Detecting strange attractors in turbulence. In: Rand D, Young L, editors. Dynamical systems and turbulence. Lecture notes on mathematics, Vol. 898. Berlin: Springer-Verlag. p 366-381.
58. Tozawa M, Iseki S, Yoshi S, Fukiyama K. 1999. Blood pressure variability as an adverse prognostic risk factor in end stage renal disease. Nephrol Dial Transplant 14:1976-1981.
59. Voss A, Kurths J, Kleiner HJ, Witt A, Wessel N, Separin P, Osterzeil KJ, Schurath R, Dietz R. 1996. The application of methods of nonlinear dynamics for the improved and predictive recognition of patients threatened by sudden cardiac death. Cardiovasc Res 31:419-433.
60. Wagner CD, Mrowka R, Nafz B, Persson PB. 1995. Complexity and chaos in blood pressure after baroreceptor denervation of conscious dogs. Am J Physiol 269:H1760-H1766.
61. Wagner CD, Nafz B, Persson PB. 1996. Chaos in blood pressure control. Cardiovasc Res 31:380-387.
62. Watkins L, Grossman P, Krishnan R, Blumenthal J. 1999. Anxiety reduces baroreflex cardiac control in older adults with major depression. Psychosom Med 61:334-340.
63. Watkins L, Grossman P, Krishnan R, Sherwood A. 1998. Anxiety and vagal control of heart rate. Psychosom Med 44:133-151.
64. Wolf A, Swift J, Swinney H, Vastano J. 1985. Determining Lyapunov exponents from a time series. Physica D 16:285-317.
65. Yeragani VK, Berger R, Pohl R, Srinivasan K, Balon R, Ramesh C, Weinberg P, Berchou R. 1992. Effects of yohimbine on heart rate variability in panic disorder patients and normal controls: A study of power spectral analysis of heart rate. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol 20:609-618.
66. Yeragani VK, Pohl R, Berger R, Balon R, Ramesh C, Glitz D, Srinivasan K, Weinberg P. 1993a. Decreased heart rate variability in panic disorder patients: A study of power spectral analysis of heart rate. Psychiatry Res 46:89-103.
67. Yeragani VK, Pohl R, Jampala VC, Balon R, Ramesh C, Srinivasan K. 2000a. Increased QT variability in patients with panic disorder and depression. Psychiatry Res 93:225-235.
68. Yeragani VK, Sobolewski E, Igel G, Johnson C, Jampala VC, Kay J, Hillman N, Yeragani S, Vempati S. 1998a. Decreased heart period variability in patients with panic disorder: A study of Holter ECG records. Psychiatry Res 78:89-99.
69. Yeragani VK, Srinivasan K, Pohl R, Berger R, Balon R, Berchou R. 1994. Sodium lactate increases sympathovagal ratios in normal controls: A study of spectral analysis of heart rate, blood pressure and respiration. Psychiatry Res 54:97-114.
70. Yeragani VK, Collins HL, Radhakrishna RKA, Rodenbaugh DW, DiCarlo SE. 2003a. Decreased chaos after exercise in cardiac output time series of rats: A preliminary report. J Nonlinear Anal Real World Appl 4:307-316.
71. Yeragani VK, Nadella R, Hinze B, Yeragani S, Jampala VC. 2000b. Nonlinear measures of heart period variability: Decreased measures of symbolic dynamics in patients with panic disorder. Depression Anxiety 12:67-77.
72. Yeragani VK, Radhakrishna Rao KA, Smitha MR, Pohl R, Balon R, Srinivasan K. 2003b. Diminished chaos of heart rate time series in patients with major depression. Biol Psychiatry 51:733-744.
73. Yeragani VK, Radhakrishna RKA, Ramakrishnan KR, Srinivasan SH. Measures of LLE of heart rate in different frequency bands: A possible measure of relative vagal and sympathetic acitivity. Nonlinear Anal Real World Appl. In press.
74. Yeragani VK, Radhakrishna RKA, Tancer M, Uhde T, 2002. Nonlinear measures of respiration: Respiratory irregularity and increased chaos of respiration in patients with panic disorder. Neuropsychobiology 46:111-120.
75. Yeragani VK, Sobolewski E, Kay J, Jampala VC, Igel G, 1997. Effect of age on long-term heart rate variability. Cardiovasc Res 35:35-42.
76. Yeragani VK, Srinivasan K, Balon R, Berchou R. 1996. Effects of lactate on cross-spectral analysis of heart rate, blood pressure and lung volume in normal controls. Psychiatry Res 60:77-85.
77. Yeragani VK, Pohl R, Jampala VC, Balon R, Ramesh C, Srinivasan K. 2000c. Effects of nortriptyline and Paroxetine on QT variability in patients with panic disorder. Depression Anxiety 11:126-130.
78. Yeragani VK, Pohl R, Balon R, Berchou R, Srinivasan K, Glitz D. 2002b. Diminished chaos of heart rate time series during sodium lactate and increased nonlinearity during intravenous isoproterenol in normal controls. Psychiatry Res 109:81-92.
79. Yeragani VK, Sobolewski E, Jampala VC, Kay J, Yeragani S, Igel G. 1998b. Fractal dimension and approximate entropy of heart period and heart rate: Awake versus sleep differences and methodological issues. Clin Sci Colch 95:295-301.
80. Yeragani VK, Srinivasan K, Vempati S, Pohl R, Balon R. 1993b. Fractal dimension of heart rate time series: An effective measure of autonomic function. J Appl Physiol 75:2429-2438.
81. Zeng X, Eykholt R, Pielke RA. 1991. Estimating the Lyapunov-exponent spectrum from short time series of low precision. Phys Rev Lett 66:3229-3232.
82. Zweiner U, Hoyer D, Bauer R, Luthke B, Walter W, Schmidt K, Hallmeyer S, Kratzsch B, Eiselt M. 1996. Deterministic chaotic and periodic properties of heart rate and arterial fluctuations and their mediation in piglets. Cardiovasc Res 31:455-465.