Geometrical force balance in glaciology

Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth

Volumn 108, Issue 11, 2003, Pages

  Hughes, T ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF MAINE   (United States)

Author keywords

Flow; Geometrical force balance; Glaciology; Ice

Indexed keywords

GLACIOLOGY; ICE FLOW;

EID: 1642282818     PISSN: 21699313     EISSN: 21699356     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: None     Document Type: Article

References (60)

1. Andrews, J. T., and K. Tedesco, Detrital carbonate-rich sediments, northwestern Labrador Sea: Implications for ice-sheet dynamics and iceberg rafting (Heinrich) events in the North Atlantic, Geology, 20, 1087-1090, 1992.
2. Bindschadler, R. A., Actively surging West Antarctic ice streams and their response characteristics, Ann. Glaciol., 24, 409-413, 1997.
3. Budd, W. F., P. L. Keage, and N. A. Blundy, Empirical studies of ice sliding, J. Glaciol., 23, 157-170, 1979.
4. Budd, W. F., D. Jenssen, and I. N. Smith, A three-dimensional time-dependent model of the West Antarctic ice sheet, Ann. Glaciol., 5, 29-36, 1984.
5. Clark, P. U., Surface form of the southern Laurentide Ice Sheet and its implications to ice-sheet dynamics, Geol. Soc. Am. Bull., 104, 595-605, 1992.
6. Clark, P. U., Unstable behavior of the Laurentide Ice Sheet over deforming sediment and its implications for climate change, Quat. Res., 41, 19-25, 1994.
7. Clark, P. U., Fast glacier flow over soft beds, Science, 267, 43-44, 1995.
8. Day, C., Warm bedrock forms water beneath rapidly moving ice stream in central Greenland, Phys. Today, March 17-18, 2002.
9. Denton, G. H., and T. J. Hughes, Reconstructing the Antarctic Ice Sheet at the Last Glacial Maximum, Quat. Sci. Rev., 21, 193-202, 2001
10. Drewry, D. J., Antarctica: Glaciological and geophysical folio, report, Scott Polar Res. Inst., Univ. of Cambridge, Cambridge, U. K., 1983.
11. Echelmeyer, K. A., W. D. Harrison, C. Larsen, and J. E. Mitchell, The role of the margins in the dynamics of an active ice stream, J. Glaciol., 40, 527-538, 1994.
12. Engelhardt, H., and B. Kamb, Basal hydraulic system of a West Antarctic ice stream: Constraints from borehole observations, J. Glaciol., 43, 207-230, 1997.
13. Fahnestock, M. A., W. Abdalati, I. R. Joughin, J. M. Brozena, and S. P. Gogineni, High geothermal heat flow, basal melt, and the origin of rapid ice flow in central Greenland, Science, 294, 2338-2342, 2001a.
14. Fahnestock, M. A., I. R. Joughin, T. A. Scambos, R. Kwok, W. B. Krabill, and S. Gogineni, Ice-stream-related patterns of ice flow in the interior of northeast Greenland, J. Geophys. Res., 106(D24), 34,035-34,045, 2001b.
15. Fastook, J. L., A map-plane finite-element program for ice sheet reconstruction: A steady state calibration with Antarctica and a reconstruction of the Laurentide Ice Sheet for 18,000 B.P., in Computer Assisted Analysis and Modeling on the IBM 3090, edited by K. R. Billingley, H. U. Brown III, and E. Dehoranes, pp. 45-80, Baldwin, Univ. of Georgia, Athens, Ga., 1992.
16. Greve, R., A continuum-mechanical formulation for shallow polythermal ice sheets, Philos. Trans. R. Soc. London, Ser. A, 355, 921-974, 1997.
17. Heinrich, H., Origin and consequences of cyclic rafting in the northeast Atlantic Ocean during the past 130,000 years, Quat. Res., 29, 142-152, 1988.
18. Hooke, R. L., Principles of Glacier Mechanics, 248 pp., Prentice-Hall, Old Tappan, N. J., 1998.
19. Hughes, T., The West Antarctic Ice Sheet: Instability, disintegration, and initiation of ice ages, Rev. Geophys., 13(4), 502-526, 1975.
20. Hughes, T., West Antarctic ice streams, Rev. Geophys., 15(1), 1-46, 1977.
21. Hughes, T., Numerical reconstructions of paleo ice sheets, in The Last Great Ice Sheets, edited by G. H. Denton and T. Hughes, pp. 221-261, Wiley-Intersci., New York, 1981.
22. Hughes, T., The Jakobshavns effect, Geophys. Res. Lett. 13(1), 46-48, 1986.
23. Hughes, T., On the pulling power of ice streams, J. Glaciol., 38, 125-151, 1992.
24. Hughes, T., The structure of a Pleistocene glaciation cycle, in The Johannes Weertman Symposium, edited by R. J. Arsenault et al., pp. 375-400, Miner., Metals, and Mat. Soc., Warrendale, Pa., 1996.
25. Hughes, T., Ice Sheets, 343 pp., Oxford Univ. Press, New York, 1998.
26. Hulbe, C. L., and D. R. MacAyeal, A new numerical model of coupled inland ice sheet, ice stream, and ice shelf flow and its application to the West Antarctic Ice Sheet, J. Geophys. Res., 104(B11), 25,349-25,366, 1999.
27. Hütter, K., Theoretical Glaciology: Material Science of fee and the Mechanics of Glacier and Ice Sheets, 510 pp., D. Reidel, Norwell, Mass., 1983.
28. Huybrechts, P., A 3-D model for the Antarctic Ice Sheet: A sensitivity study on the glacial-interglacial contrast, Clim. Dyn., 5(2), 79-92, 1990.
29. Huybrechts, P., The present evolution of the Greenland Ice Sheet: An assessment by modelling, Global Planet. Change, 9, 39-51, 1994.
30. Johnson, J., A basal water model for ice sheets, Ph.D. thesis, Univ. of Maine, Orono, Maine, 2002.
31. Johnson, J,, and J. L. Fastook, Northern Hemisphere glaciation and its sensitivity to basal melt water, Quat. Int., 95-96, 65-74, 2002.
32. Joughin, I. R., S. Tulaczyk, R. A. Bindschadler, and S. F. Price, Changes in West Antarctic ice stream velocities: Observation and analysis, J. Geophys. Res., 107(B11), 2289, doi:10.1029/2001JB001029, 2002.
33. Kamb, B., C. F. Raymond, W. D. Harrison, H. Engelhardt, M. M. Brugman, and T. Pfeffer, Glacier surge mechanism: 1982-1983 surge of Variegated Glacier, Alaska, Science, 227(4686), 469-479, 1985.
34. Kamb, B., Basal zone of the West Antarctic ice streams and its role in lubrication of their rapid motion, in The West Antarctic Ice Sheet: Behavior and Environment, Antarct. Res. Ser., vol. 77, edited by R. B. Alley and R. A. Bindschadler, AGU, Washington, D. C., 2001.
35. Kwok, R., M. J. Siegert, and F. D. Carsey, Ice motion over Lake Vostok, Antarctica: Constraints on inferences regarding the accreted ice, J. Glaciol., 46, 689-694, 2000.
36. MacAyeal, D. R., Large-scale ice flow over a viscous basal sediment: Theory and application to Ice Stream B, Antarctica, J. Geophys. Res., 94(B4), 4071-4087, 1989.
37. Mahafty, M. W., A three-dimensional numerical model of ice sheets: Tests on the Barnes Ice Cap, Northwest Territories, J. Geophys. Res., 81(B6), 1059-1066, 1976.
38. Nye, J. F., The flow of glaciers and ice sheets as a problem in plasticity, Proc. R. Soc. London, Ser. A, 207, 554-572, 1951.
39. Nye, J. F., The mechanics of glacier flow, J. Glaciol., 2, 82-93, 1952.
40. Nye, J. F., The flow law of Ice from measurements in glacier tunnels, laboratory experiments and the Jungfraufirn borehole experiment, Proc. R. Soc. London, Ser. A, 219, 477-489, 1953.
41. Nye, J. F., The motion of ice sheets and glaciers, J. Glaciol., 3, 493-507, 1959.
42. Orowan, E., Remarks at a joint meeting of the British Glaciological Society/British Rheologists Club, and the Institute of Metals, J. Glociol., 1, 231-236, 1949.
43. Paterson, W. S. B., The Physics of Glaciers, 480 pp., Pergamon, New York, 1994.
44. Raymond, C. F., K. A. Echelmeyer, I. M. Whillans, and C. S. M. Doake, Ice stream shear margins, in The West Antarctic Ice Sheet: Behavior and Environment, Antarct. Res. Ser., vol. 77, edited by R. B. Alley and R. A. Bindschadler, pp. 137-156, AGU, Washington, D. C., 2001.
45. Reeh, N., On the calving of ice from floating glaciers and ice shelves, J. Glaciol., 7, 215-232, 1968.
46. Robin, G. D. Q., Glaciology III: Seismic shooting and related investigations, in Norwegian, British, Swedish Antarctic Expedition, 1949-1952, vol. 5, Scientific Results, pp. 111-125, Norsk Polarinst., Svalbard, Norway, 1958.
47. Thomas, R. H., The creep of ice shelves: Theory, J. Glaciol, 12, 45-53, 1973a.
48. Thomas, R. H., The creep of ice shelves: Interpretation of observed behaviour, J. Glaciol., 12, 55-70, 1973b.
49. Thomas, R. H., and D. R, MacAyeal, Derived characteristics of the Ross Ice Shelf, J. Glaciol., 28, 397-412, 1982.
50. Van der Veen, C. J., A note on the equilibrium profile of a free floating ice shelf, report, 15 pp., Inst, voor Meteorol. en Oceanogr., Rijksuniv.-Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands, 1983.
51. Van der Veen, C. J., Fundamentals of Glacier Dynamics, 462 pp., A. A. Balkema, Brookfield, Vt., 1999.
52. Weertman, J., Deformation of floating ice shelves, J. Glaciol., 3, 38-42, 1957a.
53. Weertman, J., On the sliding of glaciers, J. Glaciol., 3, 33-38, 1957b.
54. Weertman, J., General theory water flow at the base of a glacier or ice sheet, Rev. Geophys., 10, 287-333, 1972.
55. Weertman, J., Position of ice divides and ice centers on ice sheets, J. Glaciol., 12, 353-360, 1973.
56. Weis, M., R. Greve, and K. Hutter, Theory of shallow ice shelves, Continuum Mech. Thermodyn., 11, 15-50, 1999.
57. Whillans, I. M., Y. H. Chen, C. J. Van der Veen, and T. Hughes, Force Budget III: Application to three-dimensional flow of Byrd Glacier, Antarctica, J. Glaciol,, 35, 68-80, 1989.
58. Whillans, I. M., and C. J. Van der Veen, The role of lateral drag in the dynamics of Ice Stream B, Antarctica, J. Glaciol., 43, 231-237, 1997.
59. Zwally, H. J., B. Schultz, W. Abdalati, J. Abshire, C. R. Bentley, A. Brenner, K. Quinn, S. Palm, J. Spinhirne, and R. H. Thomas, ICESat's laser measurements of polar ice, atmosphere, ocean, and land, J. Geodyn., 34, 405-445, 2002a.
60. Zwally, H. J., W. Abdalati, T. Herring, K. Larson, J. Saba, and K. Steffen, Surface mell-induced acceleration of Greenland ice-sheet flow, Science, 297, 218-222, 2002b.