Test of a northwards-decreasing 222Rn source term by comparison of modelled and observed atmospheric 222Rn concentrations

Tellus, Series B: Chemical and Physical Meteorology

Volumn 57, Issue 2, 2005, Pages 116-123

  Robertson, Lynette B ^a   Stevenson, David S ^a   Conen, Franz ^b  

^a UNIVERSITY OF EDINBURGH   (United Kingdom)

^b UNIVERSITY OF BASEL   (Switzerland)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY; CONCENTRATION (COMPOSITION); RADON ISOTOPE; TROPOSPHERE;

EID: 16344393591     PISSN: 02806509     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0889.2005.00138.x     Document Type: Article

References (45)

1. Biraud, S., Ciais, P., Ramonet, M., Simmonds, P., Kazan, V. et al. 2002. Quantification of carbon dioxide, methane, nitrous oxide and chloroform emissions over Ireland from atmospheric observations at Mace Head. Tellus 54B, 41-60.
2. Brost, R. A. and Chatfield, R. B. 1989. Transport of radon in a three-dimensional, subhemispheric model. J. Geophys. Res. 94, 5095-5119.
3. 222Rn using the regional model REMO: a detailed comparison with measurements over Europe. Tellus 54B, 850-871.
4. Collins, W. J., Derwent, R. G., Johnson, C. E. and Stevenson, D. S. 2000. The impact of human activities upon the photochemical production and destruction of tropospheric ozone. Q. J. R. Meteorol. Soc. 126, 1925-1952.
5. Collins, W. J., Derwent, R. G., Johnson, C. E. and Stevenson, D. S. 2002. A comparison of two schemes for the convective transport of chemical species in a Lagrangian global chemistry model. Q. J. R. Meteorol. Soc. 128, 991-1009.
6. x emission controls. J. Atmos. Chem. 26, 223-274.
7. 222 flux from continents. Tellus 54B, 127-133.
8. 222Rn using on-line and off-line global models at different horizontal resolutions: a detailed comparison with measurements. Tellus 51B, 573-602.
9. 222Rn database. United States Department of Energy Environmental Measurements Laboratory, New York (http://www.eml.doe.gov/databases/radon/index.cfm).
10. Evangelista, H. and Pereira, E. B. 2002. Radon flux at King George Island, Antarctic Peninsula. J. Environ. Radioactiv. 61, 283-304.
11. 222Radon measurements. Tellus 42B, 100-117.
12. 222Rn in New York City: city as a source. Environ. Int. 22, S131-S138.
13. 210Pb measurements at Jungfraujoch, Switzerland. Atmos. Environ. 29, 607-616.
14. Genthon, C. and Armengaud, A. 1995. Radon-222 as a comparative tracer of transport and mixing in two general circulation models of the atmosphere. J. Geophys. Res. Atmos. 100, 2849-2866.
15. Gold, S., Barkhau, H., Shleien, W. and Kahn, B. 1964. Measurement of naturally occurring radionuclides in air. In: The Natural Radiation Environment (eds. J. A. S. Adams and W. M. Lowder). University of Chicago Press, Chicago, IL, 369-382.
16. Gupta, M. L., Douglass, A. R., Kawa, S. R. and Pawson, S. 2004. Use of radon for evaluation of atmospheric transport models: sensitivity to emissions. Tellus 56B, 404-412.
17. Hatakka, J., Aalto, T., Aaltonen, V., Aurela, M., Hakola, H. et al. 2003. Overview of the atmospheric research activities and results at Pallas GAW station. Boreal Environ. Res. 8, 365-383.
18. 222Rn to sub-Antarctic and Antarctic areas. Tellus 42B, 83-99.
19. Hutter, A. R., Larsen, R. J., Maring, H. and Merrill, J. T. 1995. Radon-222 at Bermuda and Mauna Loa: local and distant sources. J. Radioanal. Nucl. Chem. Articles 193, 309-318.
20. Jacob, D. J. and Prather, M. J. 1990. Radon-222 as a test of convective transport in a general circulation model. Tellus 42B, 118-134.
21. Jacob, D. J., Prather, M. J., Rasch, P. J., Shia, R. L., Balkanski, Y. J. et al. 1997. Evaluation and intercomparison of global atmospheric transport models using Rn-222 and other short-lived tracers. J. Geophys. Res. 102, 5953-5970.
22. Johns, T. C., Carnell, R. E., Crossley, J. F., Gregory, J. M., Mitchell, J. F. B. et al. 1997. The second Hadley Centre coupled ocean-atmosphere GCM: model description, spinup and validation. Clim. Dyn. 13, 103-134.
23. Kritz, M. A., Rosner, S. W. and Stockwell, D. Z. 1998. Validation of an off-line three-dimensional chemical transport model using observed radon profiles 1. Observations. J. Geophys. Res. 103, 8425-8432.
24. 210Pb in the sub-Antarctic and Antarctic atmosphere. Centre des Faibles Radioactivites, Gif-sur-Yvette, France.
25. Lambert, G., Polian, G., Sanak, J., Ardouin, B., Buisson, A. et al. 1982. Cycle of radon and its daughters: application to the study of troposphere-stratosphere exchanges [in French]. Ann. Geophys. 38, 497-531.
26. 210Pb. J. Geophys. Res. 100, 23 252-23 270.
27. Lin, X., Zaucker, F., Hsie, E. Y., Trainer, M. and McKeen, S. A. 1996. Radon-222 simulations as a test of a three-dimensional regional transport model. J. Geophys. Res. 101, 29 165-29 177.
28. Lockhart, L. B. 1959. Atmospheric radioactivity levels at Yokosuka, Japan, 1654-1958. J. Geophys. Res. 64, 1445-1449.
29. Lockhart, L. B. 1960. Atmospheric radioactivity in South America and Antarctica. J. Geophys. Res. 65, 3999-4005.
30. Lockhart, L. B. 1962. Natural radioactive isotopes in the atmosphere at Kodiak and Wales, Alaska. Tellus 14, 351-355.
31. Rasch, P. J., Feichter, J., Law, K., Mahowald, N., Penner, J. et al. 2000. A comparison of scavenging and deposition processes in global models: results from the WCRP Cambridge Workshop of 1995. Tellus 52B, 1025-1056.
32. Robé, M. C., Rannou, A. and Le Bronec, J. 1992. Radon measurement in the environment in France. Radiat. Prot. Dosim. 45, 455-457.
33. Schery, S. D. and Wasiolek, M. A. 1998. Modelling radon flux from the Earth's surface. In: Radon and Thoron in the Human Environment, Proceedings of the 7th Tohwa University International Symposium (eds A. Katase and M. Shimo). World Scientific Press, Singapore, 207-217.
34. 222Radon-based emission estimates. Tellus 42B, 457-473.
35. 222Rn as a short-lived tracer. Q. J. R. Meteorol. Soc. 124, 2477-2491.
36. Stevenson, D. S., Johnson, C. E., Highwood, E. J., Gauci, V., Collins, W. J. et al. 2003. Atmospheric impact of the 1783-1784 Laki eruption: Part I Chemistry modelling. Atmos. Chem. Phys. 3, 487-507.
37. Stillwell-Soller, L. M., Klinger, L. F., Pollard, D. and Thompson, S. L. 1995. The Global Distribution of Wetlands. NCAR Technical Note NCAR/TN-416+STR, National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, CO.
38. Sun, K., Guo, Q. and Zhuo, W. 2004. Feasibility for mapping radon exhalation rate from soil in China. J. Nucl. Sci. Technol. 41, 86-90.
39. Taguchi, S., Iida, T. and Moriizumi, J. 2002. Evaluation of the atmospheric transport model NIRE-CTM-96 by using measured radon-222 concentrations. Tellus 54B, 250-268.
40. Turekian, K. K., Nozaki, Y. and Benninger, L. K. 1977. Geochemistry of atmospheric radon and radon products. Annu. Rev. Earth Planet. Sci. 5, 227-255.
41. Whittlestone, S. and Zahorowski, W. 1998. Baseline radon detectors for shipboard use: development and deployment in the first aerosol characterisation experiment (ACE 1). J. Geophys. Res. 103, 16 743-16 751.
42. WMO/GAW, 2004. 1st International Expert Meeting on Sources and Measurements of Natural Radionuclides Applied to Climate and Air Quality Studies, Gif-sur-Yvette, France, 3-5 June 2003. WMO TD No 1201 (http://www.wmo.ch/web/arep/reports/gawl55.pdf).
43. Wyputta, U. 1997. On the transport of trace elements into Antarctica using measurements at the Georg-von-Neumayer station. Tellus 49, 93-111.
44. Xu, N., Wei, F. S., Ten, E. J. and Chen, L. Q. 1993. Evaluation of indigenous concentrations of uranium and thorium in soils of China. Commun. Soil Sci. Plant Anal. 24, 1795-1803.
45. 222Rn measurements during the 1993 NARE intensive. J. Geophys. Res. 101, 29149-29164.