Synthesis, characterization, thermolysis and performance evaluation of mercuric-5-nitrotetrazole (MNT)

Journal of Hazardous Materials

Volumn 113, Issue 1-3, 2004, Pages 27-33

  Talawar, M B ^a   Chhabra, J S ^a   Agrawal, A P ^a   Asthana, S N ^a   Rao, K U B ^a   Singh, Haridwar ^a  

^a HIGH ENERGY MATERIALS RESEARCH LABORATORY   (India)

Author keywords

Bulk density; Chemical Stability; Evaluation; Hazardous Materials; Initiators; Mercuric 5 nitrotetrazole (MNT); Nitro tetrazole; Primary explosive; Synthesis

Indexed keywords

ALCOHOLS; ALUMINUM; CHARACTERIZATION; EXPLOSIVES; INFRARED SPECTROSCOPY; MERCURY COMPOUNDS; SYNTHESIS (CHEMICAL);

BULK DENSITY; CHEMICAL STABILITY; INITIATORS; MERCURIC-5-NITROTETRAZOLE (MNT); NITRO TETRAZOLE; PRIMARY EXPLOSIVES;

HAZARDOUS MATERIALS;

ALUMINUM; AZIDE; CARBON DIOXIDE; CEPHOL; CHEMICAL AGENT; DEXTRIN; MERCURIC 5 NITROTETRAZOLE; MERCURIC NITRATE; MERCURY; METAL; SERVICE LEAD AZIDE; STYPHYNATE; TETRAZOLE DERIVATIVE; UNCLASSIFIED DRUG; MERCURIC-5-NITROTETRAZOLE; NITRO DERIVATIVE;

CHEMICAL ENGINEERING;

ARTICLE; BULK DENSITY; CHEMICAL ANALYSIS; CHEMICAL COMPOSITION; DIFFERENTIAL SCANNING CALORIMETRY; EVALUATION; FRICTION; GRAVIMETRY; INFRARED SPECTROSCOPY; SAMPLE; SENSITIVITY ANALYSIS; STANDARD; STORAGE; SYNTHESIS; TEMPERATURE; THERMOSTABILITY; VOLUMETRY; CHEMICAL MODEL; CHEMISTRY; DANGEROUS GOODS; EXPLOSION; INFRARED SPECTROPHOTOMETRY; MATERIALS TESTING; METHODOLOGY; THERMODYNAMICS;

EXPLOSIONS; HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCES; MATERIALS TESTING; MODELS, CHEMICAL; NITRO COMPOUNDS; SPECTROPHOTOMETRY, INFRARED; TETRAZOLES; THERMODYNAMICS;

EID: 16344385696     PISSN: 03043894     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2004.06.001     Document Type: Article

References (36)

1. J.M. Jenkins, J.R. White, in: Proceedings of International Conference on Research in Primary Explosives, ERDE, Waltham Abbey, England, 1975.
2. R.Mc. Guchan, Improvements in primary explosive compositions and their manufacture, in: Proceedings of 10th Symposium on Explosives and Pyrotechnics, 1979, p. 1.
3. L.R. Bates, J.M. Jenkins, Search for new detonant, in: Proceedings of International Conference on Research in Primary Explosive, ERDE, Waltham, UK, March 1975, pp. 1-14.
4. M. Van der Merwe, The preparation and chemical and physical characterization of silver azide, in: Proceedings of 12th Symposium on Explosives and Pyrotechnics, Applied Physics Laboratory Franklin Research Center, Phildelphia, PA, 1982, pp. 5-23.
5. M.L. Lieberman, J.W. Fronabarger, Status of the development of 2-(5-cyanatotetrazolato) pentaamine cobalt (III) perchlorate for DDT devices, in: Proceedings of 7th International Pyrotechnic Seminar, Colarado, USA, 1980, p. 322.
6. V.G. Leontjev, E. K.Shesttakov, Potentials for using coordination perchlorates in initiation systems, in: Proceedings of International Pyrotechnoology Seminar, 1995, pp. 520-530 (Russian).
7. K.C. Patil, and V.R. Vernekar Pai Synth. React. Inorg. Met. Org. Chem 12 1982 383
8. M.L. Lieberman, Performance of chemical analogs of explosive CP, in: Proceedings of 11th Symposium on Explosives and Pyrotechnics, Philadelphia, p. 38.
9. W.R. Tomlinson, K.G. Ottoson, and L.F. Audriete J. Am. Chem. Soc 71 1949 375
10. T.B. Joyner Can. J. Chem 74 1969 2729
11. S.V. Sinditskii, and V.V. Serushkin Def. Sci. J 46 1996 371
12. S. Zh, Y. Wu, W. Zhang, and J. Mu Propellants Explosives Pyrotech 22 6 1997 317
13. B. Hariharanath, A.G. Rajendran, K.S. Chandrabhanu, M. Ravindran, C.B. Kartha, Characterization of nickel hydrazinium nitrate as a new charge for initiator applications, in: Proceedings of Third International High Energy Materials Conference and Exhibition, India, 2000, p. 469.
14. B. Hariharanath. K.S. Chandrabhanu, A.G. Rajendran, M. Ravindran, C.B. Kartha, Development of a detonator using nickel hydrazinium nitrate: an energetic co-ordination compound as primary explosive, in: Proceedings of Fourth International High Energy Materials Conference and Exhibition, India, 2003, p. 100.
15. M. Parry, P.M. Dickson, J.E. Field, High speed photographic study of fast reactions in some primary explosives, in: Proceedings of 19th International Annual Conference on ICT Combustion Detonation Phenomenon, 1988, 44/1, Chemical Abstracts, vol. 111, 1989, p. 216761.
16. W. Flemming, J.W. Fronabarger, C.T. Rittenhouse, M.L. Lieberman, Assessment of a high energy co-ordination compound, in: Proceedings of Eighth International Pyrotechnics Seminar, Steamboat, Springs, Colorado, July 1982, p. 825.
17. M.L. Liebarger Ind. Eng. Chem. Prod. Res. Dev 24 1985 438
18. V. Kumar, A.P. Agrawal, H. Muthurajan, J.P. Agrawal, Synthesis and characterization of BNCP: a novel DDT explosive, in: Proceedings of Fourth National Symposium in Chemistry held at National Chemical Laboratory, Pune, India, 1-3 February 2003.
19. C.L. Scott, H.S. Leopold, Stab-Initiated Explosive Device Containing a Single Explosive Charge, US 4,024,818, 24th May, 1977, Applied 667,816, 16th March 1976, Chemical Abstract, vol. 87, 1977, p. 87254.
20. W.H. Gilligan, M.J. Kamlet, Synthesis of Mercuric-5-Nitrotetrazole, US NTIS AD Report 1976, AD-A036086 15pp. (English), available NTIS, Chemical Abstract, vol. 87, 1977, p. 154288.
21. L.D. Redman, R.J. Spear, Mercuric-5-Nitrotetrazole, A Possible Replacement for Lead Azide in Australian Ordinance. Part I: An Assessment of Preparation Methods Rep., MRL, Melbourne, Report MRL-R-901, 27pp. (English), Chemical Abstract, vol. 100, 1984, p. 194540.
22. J.R. White, R.J. Williams, The testing and application of replacements for lead azide, in: Proceedings of the International Conference on Research in Primary Explosives, ERDE, 1975.
23. C.L. Scott, Mercuric 5-nitrotetrazolee as a replacement, in: Proceedings of the International Conference on Research in Primary explosives, ERDE, Waltham Abbey, UK, 1975.
24. H.E. Von, US Patent 22,066, 1932, p. 954.
25. L.R. Bates, J.M. Jenkins, Improvements in or relating to production of 5-nitrotetrazole salts, British Patent 1,519,796, 1975.
26. R.J. Spear, and P.P. Elischer Aust. J. Chem 35 1982 1
27. L.R. Bates, The potential of tetrazoles in initiating explosive systems, in: Proceedings of 13th Symposium on Explosives and Pyrotechnics, 1986, p. 10.
28. J.S. Chhabra, M.B. Talawar, P.S. Makashir, and S.N. Asthana J. Hazmat A99 2003 225
29. M.B. Talwar, A.P. Agrawal, D.S.Wani, J.S. Chhabra, S.N. Asthana, Synthesis, characterization and performance evaluation of transition metal perchlorate complexes of carbohydrazide: potential lead free advanced primary explosives, in: Proceedings of 4th International Conference on High Energy Materials and Exhibition, Pune, India, 2003, p. 105.
30. M.B. Talawar, A.P. Agrawal, J.S. Chhabra, C.K. Ghatak, S.N. Asthana, K.U.B. Rao, Studies on nickel hydrazinium nitrate (NHN) and bis-(5-nitro-2H- tetrazolato-N2) tetraamino cobalt (III) perchlorate (BNCP): Potential lead free advanced primary explosives J. Scientific Industrial Res., India, (2004, Accepted).
31. W.H. Gilligaan, M.J. Kamlet, US Patent 4093, 1978, p. 623.
32. A.I. Vogel, Text Book of Quantitative Analysis, Longman Green & CO., London, 1948, p. 405.
33. C.H. Hao, The relationship between the structure and some performances of mercuric-5-nitor tetrazole, in: Proceedings of 11th Symposium on Explosives and Pyrotechnics, 1975, pp. 1-13.
34. T.L. Brown, H.Eu. Lemary Jr., Chemistry - The General Science, third ed., Prentice Hall, Englewood, Cliffe, NJ 07632, p. 168.
35. R.J. Spear, P.P. Elischer, An investigation of potential replacements for traditional primary explosive fillings, in: Proceedings of 12th Filling and Assembly Conference, St. Marys, NSW, 27-28 May 1981.
36. J. Savitt, The steel dent test and Santa Cruz Facility HNS I End Tips, in: Proceedings of 110th Symposium on Explosives and Pyrotechnics, San Fransico, California, USA, 1979.