Octocorallian and hydroid fossils from the Lower Ordovician of Wales

Palaeontology

Volumn 48, Issue 2, 2005, Pages 433-445

  Cope, John C W ^a  

^a DEPARTMENT OF GEOLOGY   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

Gorgonoida; Hydroida; Lower Ordovician; Wales

Indexed keywords

CEPHALOPOD; FOSSIL ASSEMBLAGE; ORDOVICIAN;

EASTERN HEMISPHERE; EURASIA; EUROPE; UNITED KINGDOM; WALES; WESTERN EUROPE; WORLD;

ALCYONARIA; GORGONIIDAE; HYDROIDA;

EID: 16344383726     PISSN: 00310239     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1111/j.1475-4983.2005.00455.x     Document Type: Article

References (58)

1. ALLMAN, G. J. 1871-72. A monograph of the gymnoblastic or tubularian hydroids. Part I, 1871, The Hydroida in general, i-xxii + 1-154, pls 1-12; Part II, 1872, Conclusion of Part I and Part II, Containing descriptions of the species of the Gymnoblastea, xxiii-xxiv + 155-450, pls 13-23. Ray Society, London.
2. AUSICH, W. I. and BABCOCK, I. E. 1998. The phylogenetic position of Echmatocrinus brachiatus, a probable octocoral from the Burgess Shale. Palaeontology, 41, 193-202.
3. BALE, W. M. 1888. On some new and rare Hydroida in the Australian Museum collection. Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales, 3, 745-759.
4. BAYER, F. M. 1956. Octocorallia. F166-F231. In MOORE, R. C. (ed.). Treatise on invertebrate paleontology, Part F, Coelenterata. Geological Society of America, Boulder, and University of Kansas Press, Lawrence, xx + F1-F498.
5. BECKLY, A. 1985. The Arenig Series in North Wales. Unpublished PhD Thesis, University of London, 311 pp.
6. BECKLY, A. 1987. Basin development in North Wales during the Arenig. 19-30. In FITCHES, W. R. and WOODCOCK, N. H. (eds). Sedimentation and tectonics of the Welsh Basin. Geological Journal, 22TI, 219 pp.
7. CHAPMAN, F. and THOMAS, D. E. 1936. The Cambrian hydroids of the Heathcote and Monegeeta districts. Proceedings of the Royal Society of Victoria, 48, 193-212, pls 14-17.
8. CONWAY MORRIS, S. 1993. Ediacaran-like fossils in Cambrian Burgess Shale-type faunas of North America. Palaeontology, 36, 593-635.
9. COPE, J. C. W. 1982. The geology of the Llanstephan peninsula. 259-269. In BASSETT, M. G. (ed.). Geological excursions in Dyfed, south-west Wales. National Museum of Wales, Cardiff, 327 pp.
10. COPE, J. C. W. 1996. Early Ordovician (Arenig) bivalves from the Llangynog Inlier, South Wales. Palaeontology, 39, 979-1025.
11. COPE, J. C. W. 1997. The early phylogeny of the class Bivalvia. Palaeontology, 40, 713-746.
12. DAWSON, J. W. 1862. On the flora of the Devonian period in North Eastern America. Quarterly Journal of the Geological Society of London, 18, 296-330.
13. EHRENBERG, C. G. 1834. Beiträge zur physiologisches Kenntniss der Corallenthiere im allgemeinen, und besonders des rothen Meeres, nebst einem Versuche zur Physiologischen Systematik derselben. Abhandlungen der Königlich Preussischen Akademie der Wissenschaften, Physische-Mathematisches Klasse, 1832, 225-380. [Separately printed and repaginated 1834, under the title Die Corallenthiere des Rothen Meeres, physiologisch und systematisch verzeichnet, Berlin.].
14. EISENACH, A. 1934. Neue Mikrofossilien des baltischen Silurs, 3. und Neue Mikro-fossilien des böhmischen Silurs, 1. Paläontologisches Zeitschrift, 16, 52-76, pls 4-5.
15. FEDONKIN, M. A. 1985. Systematic description of Vendian Metazoa. 70-106. In SOKOLOV, B. S. and IWANOWSKI, A. B. (eds). The Vendian System, Volume 1, Palaeontology. Nauka, Moscow, 221 pp. [In Russian, English translation published by Springer-Verlag, Berlin, 1990, pp. 71-120].
16. FORTEY, R. A. and OWENS, R. M. 1978. Early Ordovician (Arenig) stratigraphy and faunas of the Carmarthen district, south-west Wales. Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History), Geology Series, 30, 225-294, 11 pls.
17. FORTEY, R. A. and OWENS, R. M. 1987. The Arenig Series in South Wales: stratigraphy and palaeontology. Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History), Geology Series, 41, 69-307.
18. FORTEY, R. A. HARPER, D. A. T., INGHAM, J. K., OWEN, A. W., PARKES, M. A., RUSHTON, A. W. A. and WOODCOCK, N. H. 2000. A revised correlation of Ordovician rocks in the British Isles. Geological Society, London, Special Reports, 24, iii + 83 pp.
19. GLAESSNER, M. F. 1984. The dawn of animal life. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, xi + 244 pp.
20. GLINSKI, A. 1956. Plumalina conservata n. sp. (Gorgonaria) aus dem Mittel-Devon der Eifel. Senckenbergiana Lethaea, 37, 53-57.
21. GRAY, J. E. 1859. On the arrangement of zoophytes with pinnated tentacles. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, Series 3, 4 439-444.
22. GÜVEN, N. 1988. Smectites. 497-559. In BAILEY, S. W. (ed.). Hydrous phyllosilicates. Reviews in Mineralogy, 19, xiii + 725 pp. Mineralogical Society of America, Washington, DC.
23. HAECKEL, E. 1866. Generelle Morphologie der Organismen. Band 2. Allgemeine Entwickelungsgeschichte der Organismen. Georg Reimer, Berlin, 160 pp., 8 pls.
24. HALL, J. 1843. Geology of New York. Part IV, Comprising the Survey of the Fourth Geological District. Albany, 683 pp.
25. HALL, J. 1858. On the genus Graptolithus. Canadian Naturalist and Geologist and Proceedings of the Natural History Society of Montreal, 3, 162-177.
26. HALL, J. 1878. Note on the genus Plumalina. Thirtieth Annual Report on the New York State Museum of Natural History, 255-256, pl. 4.
27. HARRIS, G. D. 1899. Key to the upper Devonian of southern New York Elements of Natural History Series, 2. Harris Co., Ithaca, 26 pp., 26 pls.
28. HATSCHEK, B. 1888. Lehrbuch der Zoologie. Eine morphologische Übersicht der Thierreiches zur Einführung in das Stadium dieser Wissenschaft. Erste Liefrung. Fischer, Jena, iv + 304 pp.
29. HILL, D. and WELLS, J. W. 1956. Hydroida and Spongiomorphida. F81-F89. In MOORE, R. C. (ed.). Treaise on invertebrate paleontology, Part F, Coelenterata. Geological Society of America, Boulder, and University of Kansas Press, Lawrence, xx + F1-F498.
30. JOHNSTON, G. 1837a. A catalogue of the zoophytes of Berwickshire. History of the Berwickshire Naturalists' Club, 1, 107-108. [Dated 1836].
31. JOHNSTON, G. 1837b. The natural history of British zoophytes. Magazine of Zoology and Botany, 1, 64-81, 225-247, 440-448.
32. KIRCHENPAUER, G. H. 1872. Über die Hydroidenfamilie Plumulariidae, einzelne Gruppen derselben und ihre Fruchtbehälter. 1. Aglaophenia Lx. Abhandlungen aus dem Gebiete der Naturwissenschaften 5, 1-58.
33. KOZŁOWSKI, R. 1959. Les hydroides Ordoviciens à squelette chitineux. Acta Palaeontologica Polonica, 4, 209-271.
34. LAMOUROUX, J. V. F. 1812. Extrait d'un mémoire sur la classification des polypiers coralligènes non entièrement pierreux. Nouveau Bulletin des Sciences par la Société Philomatique de Paris, 3, 181-188.
35. LAMOUROUX, J. V. F. 1816. Histoire des polypiers coralligènes flexibles vulgeirement nommés Zoophytes. F. Poisson, Caen, 559 pp.
36. LINDSTRÖM, M. 1978. An octocoral from the Lowe Ordovician of Sweden. Geologica et Palaeontologica, 12, 41-51.
37. MARKTANNER-TURNERETSCHER, G. 1890. Die Hydroiden des k. k. naturhistorischen Hofmuseums. Annalen des Kaiserlich-Königlichen Naturhistorischen Hofmuseums, 5, 195-286.
38. MILLER, S. A. 1877. The American Palaeozoic fossils, a catalogue of the genera and species. Published by the author, Cincinnati, Ohio, 253 pp.
39. MURCHISON, R. I. 1839. The Silurian System, founded on geological researches in the counties of Salop, Hereford, Radnor, Montgomery, Caermarthen, Brecon, Pembroke, Monmouth, Gloucester, Worcester and Stafford: with descriptions of the coal-fields and overlying formations John Murray, London, 2 vols, 768 pp.
40. MURCHISON, R. I. 1859. Siluria. The history of the oldest fossiliferous rocks and their foundations, with a brief sketch of the distribution of gold over the earth. Third [Second] Edition, John Murray, London, xx + 592 pp., 41 pls.
41. OWEN, R. 1843. Lectures on the comparative anatomy and physiology of the invertebrate animals, delivered at the Royal College of Surgeons in 1843 from notes taken by William White Cooper, M. R. C. S. and revised by Professor Owen. Longman, Brown, Green and Longmans, London, 392 pp.
42. PAUL, C. R. C. and COPE, J. C. W. 1982. A parablastoid from the Arenig of South Wales. Palaeontology, 25, 499-507, pl. 51.
43. RIDING, R., COPE, J. C. W. and TAYLOR, P. D. 1998. A coralline-like red alga from the Early Ordovician of Wales. Palaeontology, 41, 1069-1076.
44. RUEDEMANN, R. 1916. Palaeontologic contributions from the New York State Museum. Bulletin of the New York State Museum, 189, 1-225, 36 pls.
45. RUEDEMANN, R. 1947. The graptolites of North America. Memoir of the Geological Society of America, 19, 652 pp.
46. RUSHTON, A. W. A., OWEN, A. W., OWENS, R. M. and PRIGMORE, J. K. 2000. British Cambrian to Ordovician stratigraphy. Geological Conservation Review Series, 18. Joint Nature Conservation Committee, Peterborough, xxi + 435 pp. [Dated 1999].
47. SASS, D. B. and ROCK, B. N. 1975. The genus Plumalina Hall, 1858 (Coelenterata) - re-examined. Bulletins of American Paleontology, 67, 407-422, 3 pls.
48. SHUMARD, B. F. 1855. Description of a geological section, on the Mississippi River, from St. Louis to Commerce. 139-208, pls A-C. In SWALLOW, G. C. The first and second annual reports of the Geological Survey of Missouri. Part II. James Lusk, Jefferson City, 239 pp.
49. SKEVINGTON, D. 1965. Chitinous hydroids from the Ontikan Limestones (Ordovician) of Öland, Sweden. Geologiska Föreningens i Stockholm Förhandlingar, 87, 152-161.
50. SPRINKLE, J. 1973. Morphology and evolution of Blastozoan echinoderms. Special Publication of the Museum of Comparative Zoology, Harvard University, 1-284.
51. STUDER, T. 1887. Versuch eines Systems der Alcyonaria. Archiv für Naturgeschichte, 53, 1-74, 1 pl.
52. TAYLOR, P. D. and COPE, J. C. W. 1987. A trepostome bryozoan from the Lower Arenig of South Wales: implications of the oldest described bryozoan. Geological Magazine, 124, 367-371.
53. TREMBLAY, P. 1941. Morphologie externe d'un fossile nouveau. Le Naturaliste Canadien, 68, 272, pl. 1.
54. VANUXEM, L. 1842. Geology of New-York. Part 3. Comprising the Survey of the Third Geological District. (Natural History of New York, Part 4), Albany, 306 pp.
55. VERRILL, A. E. 1883. Report on the Anthozoa and some additional species dredged by the 'Blake' in 1877-1879, and by the U.S. Fish Commission steamer 'Fish-Hawk' in 1880-1882. Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology, Harvard, 11, 1-72, pls 1-8.
56. WATSON, J. E. 2002. Hydroids (Cnidaria: Hydrozoa) from southern Queensland. Memoirs of the Museum of Victoria, 59, 337-354.
57. WILLIAMS, J. S. 1943. Stratigraphy and fauna of the Louisiana Limestone of Missouri. Professional Paper of the United States Geological Survey. 203, iv + 133 pp., 9 pls.
58. ZHANG, W.-T. and BABCOCK, I. E. 2001. New extraordinarily preserved enigmatic fossils, possibly with Ediacaran affinities, from the Lower Cambrian of Yunnan, China. Acta Palaeontologica Sinica, 40, 201-213.