Deporting cambodian refugees: Justice denied?

Crime and Delinquency

Volumn 51, Issue 2, 2005, Pages 265-290

  Hing, Bill Ong ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA   (United States)

Author keywords

Cambodian refugees; Deportation; Gangs; Relational justice

Indexed keywords

EID: 16244394855     PISSN: 00111287     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1177/0011128704273468     Document Type: Article

References (71)

1. America's bold example. (1979, July 21). The Economist, p. 26
2. And there are still boat people. (1980, October 12). The Washington Post, p. C6.
3. Anker,D.E., & Posner, M.H.(1981).The forty year crisis: A legislative history of the refugee act of 1980. San Diego Law Review, 19, 9-89.
4. Baker, R. P., & North, D. S. (1984). The 1975 refugees: Their first five years in America. Washington, DC: New Transcentury Foundation.
5. Bottoms, A. (1994). Avoiding injustice, promoting legitimacy and relationships. In J. Burnside & N. Baker (Eds.), Relational justice: Repairing the breach (pp. 53-68). Winchester, England, UK: Waterside Press.
6. Brady, K. (1996). Recent developments in the immigration consequences of crimes. In B. O. Hing (Ed.), Our state our issues: An overview of immigration law issues (pp. 129-151). San Francisco: American Immigration Lawyers Association.
7. Burnside, J. (1994). Tension and tradition in the pursuit of justice. In J. Burnside & N. Baker (Eds.), Relational justice: Repairing the breach (pp. 42-52). Winchester, England, UK: Waterside Press.
8. Cahn, D. C., & Stansell, J. W. (2003). From refugee to deportee: How U.S. immigration law failed the Cambodian community. Unpublished manuscript.
9. Camp, P. (1979, September 8). Jewish group announces national drive to resettle refugees from Indochina. The Washington Post, p. B3.
10. Convention Relating to the Status of Refugees. (1951, July 28). art. 33, 189 U.N.T.S. 137, 176.
11. Decherd, C. (2003, January 14). Home isn't sweet for Cambodians deported from U.S. The Seattle Times, p. A10.
12. De Nike, H. J., Quigley, J., & Robinson, K. J. (Eds.). (2000). Genocide in Cambodia: documents from the trial of Pol Pot and leng Sary. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press.
13. Desbarats, J., & Holland, L. (1983). Indochinese settlement patterns in Orange County. Amerasia Journal, 10, 23-46.
14. Cambodia asks U.S. not to flood country with felons. (2003, May 21). Deutsche Presse-Agentur.
15. 8 U.S.C. § 1101(a)(43)(F) (2000).
16. 8 U.S.C. § 1227(a)(2)(A)(iii) (2000).
17. Faulkner, D. (1994). Relational justice: A dynamic for reform. In J. Burnside & N. Baker (Eds.), Relational justice: Repairing the breach (pp. 159-174). Winchester, England, UK: Waterside Press.
18. Forbes, S. (1984). Residency patterns and secondary migration of refugees. Washington, DC: Refugee Policy Group.
19. Gordon, L. (1987). Southeast Asian refugee migration to the United States. In J. T. Fawcett & B. V. Carino (Eds.), Pacific bridges: The new immigration for Asia and the Pacific islands (pp. 153-173). Staten Island, NY: Center for Migration Studies.
20. Harding, J. (1994). Youth crime: A relational perspective. In J. Burnside&N. Baker (Eds.), Relational justice: Repairing the breach (pp. 104-113). Winchester, UK: Waterside Press.
21. Hein, J. (1995). From Vietnam, Laos, and Cambodia: A refugee experience in the United States. New York: Simon & Schuster Macmillan.
22. Hing, B. O. (2003). Refugee policy and cultural identity: In the voice of the Hmong and IU Mien young adults. Hastings Race and Poverty Law Journal, 1, 1-11.
23. Hing, B. O. (2004). Cambodian and refugee enactment. Unpublished manuscript.
24. Ho, S. (2003). Cambodia, U.S. agree on deportation of criminals. Voice of America. Retrieved June 4, 2004, from http://www.voanews.com
25. Hotel & Rest. Employees Union Local 25 v. Att'y Gen., 804 F.2d 1256 (D.C. Cir. 1986).
26. International Covenant on Civil & Political Rights, G.A. res. 2200A (XXI), 21 U.N. GAOR Supp. (No. 16) at 52, U.N. Doc. A/6316 (1966), 999 U.N.T.S. 171, entered into force Mar. 23, 1976.
27. Isett, S. H. (1994, December 1). From killing fields to mean streets. World Press Review, p. A1.
28. Jordan v. De George, 341 U.S. 223, 243 (1951).
29. Kelly, G. P. (1977). From Vietnam to America: A chronicle of the Vietnamese immigration to the United States. New York: Perseus Books.
30. Kent, D. R., & Felkenes, G. T. (1998). Cultural explanations for Vietnamese youth involvement in street gangs: Final report. Washington, DC: United States Department of Justice, Office of Justice Planning, Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention.
31. Kinzie, J. D., Boehnlein, J. K., Leung, P. K., Moore, L. J., Riley, C., & Smith, D. (1990). The prevalence of post-traumatic stress disorder and its clinical significance among Southeast Asian refugees. American Journal of Psychiatry, 147, 913-917.
32. Kinzie, J. D., Sack, W. H., Angell, R. H., Clarke, G., & Rath, B. (1989). A three-year follow-up on Cambodian young people traumatized as children. Journal of American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 28, 501-504.
33. Ko, S. J. (2001). Examining the contribution of ethnic attitudes, collective self-esteem, and spirituality to delinquent behavioral outcomes among Cambodian adolescents: An exploratory study. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, University of Massachusetts, Boston.
34. Lee, J., Lei, A., & Sue, S. (2001). The current state of mental health research on Asian Americans. In N. G. Choi (Ed.), Psychosocial aspects of the Asian American experience diversity within diversity (pp. 159-178). Binghamton, NY: Haworth.
35. Lewis, A. (2000, March 18). Cases that cry out. The New York Times, p. A15.
36. Liu, W. T., Lamanna, M., & Murata, A. (1979). Transition to nowhere: Vietnam refugees in America. Nashville, TN: Charter House.
37. Lodwick, D. (2002). Supporting immigrant and refugee families initiative outcome evaluation feasibility study. Denver, CO: The Colorado Trust.
38. Long, P. D. L., & Ricard, L. (1996). The dream shattered, Vietnamese gangs in America. Boston: Northeastern University Press.
39. Marsh, R. (1980). Socioeconomic status of Indochinese refugees in the United States: Progress and problems. Social Security Bulletin, 43, 11-20.
40. Melnick, D. H. (1962). Comments. California Law Review, 50, 651-685.
41. Metzl, J. F. (1996). Western responses to human rights abuses in Cambodia, 1975-80. New York: St. Martin's.
42. Millman, M., Sevilla, C., Tarlow, B., & Holzman, B. (Eds.). (2004). California criminal defense practice: Sentencing and probation, posttrial remedies (Vol. 5, §90.03[3]). New York: Matthew Bender.
43. Morawetz, N. (1998). Rethinking retroactive deportation laws and the due process clause. New York University Law Review, 73, 97-161.
44. Mydans, S. (1991, May 6). As cultures meet, gang war paralyzes a city in California. The New York Times, p. A1.
45. Ng Fung Ho v. White, 259 U.S. 276, 284 (1922).
46. Nguy, B. N. (1999). Obstacles to the educational success of Cambodians in America. Khmer Institute, University of California, Los Angeles. Retrieved April 13, 2004, from http://modelminority.com/printout260.html
47. Office of Refugee Resettlement. (1993). Refugee resettlement program. Washington, DC: Author.
48. Olsen, L. (2003, June 30), Deportee struggles to find a new life in a "foreign" land. The Seattle Post-Intelligencer, p. E1.
49. Paddock, R. C. (2003, March 28). Cambodia's black sheep return to fold. The Los Angeles Times, p. A27.
50. Public Law No. 96-212, § 301,9 4 Stat. 102, 109 (1980).
51. Refugee bill proposed. (1979). Facts on File World News Digest. LEXIS 307, E3.
52. Richard, R. (2003, October 31). Deporting controversy - No second chance: Jailed at 17, he can never return to America. The Sacramento Gazette, p. 1.
53. Sack, W. H., Clarke, G., Him, C., Dickason, M. A., Goff, B., Lanham, K., & Kinzie, D. (1993). A six-year follow-up study of Cambodian refugee adolescents traumatized as children. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 32(2), 431-437.
54. Scanlan, J. A., & Loescher, G. (1986). Calculated kindness, refugees and America's half-open door, 1945 to the present. New York: Simon & Schuster.
55. Schrag, P. G. (2000). A well-founded fear: The Congressional battle to save political asylum in America, New York: Routledge.
56. Select Commission on Immigration and Refugee Policy, (1981). U.S. immigration policy and the national interest: The final report and recommendations of the select commission on immigration and refugee policy with supplemental views by commissioners. Washington, DC: Author.
57. Sontag, D. (2003, November 16). In a homeland far from home. The New York Times, p. 48.
58. S. Rep. No. 256, 96th Cong., 1st Sess., 9, (1979).
59. St. Cartmail, K. (1983). Exodus Indochina. Boston: Brill Academic.
60. Strand, P. J., & Jones, W., Jr. (1985). Indochinese refugees in America. Durham, NC: Duke University Press.
61. Sunder, M. (2002). Cultural dissent. Stanford Law Review, 54, 495.
62. Swilley, S. (2002). Deported to Cambodia: A love story; a Sac state student follows the man she loves as he returns to a homeland he doesn't know. Sacramento News & Review. Retrieved February 18, 2004, from http://www.newsreview.com/issues/sacto/2002-12-12/news.asp
63. Swyer, K. (1980, May 13). Refugee policy draws fire in hearing. The Washington Post, p. A6.
64. Title 8, United States Code, Section 1229b(a) (2000).
65. Tizon, A. (1994, February 8). A new world of crime and gangs - The lure of the streets is stealing away the children of Southeast Asian refugees. The Seattle Times, p. A1.
66. United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees. (2003). Protecting refugees - Questions & answers. Retrieved January 29, 2003, from http://www.unhcr.org
67. Unmacht, E. (2003, January 21). A bumpy road ahead for U.S. deportees to Cambodia, The Christian Scientist Monitor, p. 8.
68. Welaratna, U. (1993). Beyond the killing fields: Voices of nine Cambodian survivors in America. Palo Alto, CA: Stanford University Press.
69. Whitman, D. (1987, February 23). Trouble for America's 'model' minority. U.S. News & World Report, 18-19.
70. Wong, M. G. (1986). Post 1965 Asian immigrants: Where do they come from, where are they now, and where are they going? Immigration and American Public Policy, 487, 487-495.
71. Zadvydas v. Davis, 533 U.S. 678, 689 (2001).