Russia's return to mideast diplomacy

Orbis

Volumn 40, Issue 4, 1996, Pages 517-535

  Blank, Stephen J ^a  

^a NONE

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 16144367858     PISSN: 00304387     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/S0030-4387(96)90017-4     Document Type: Note

References (127)

1. Battersby John. Arab Leaders Stumped By Rise of Militant Islam. Christian Science Monitor. Mar. 7, 1995.
2. Eduard Shevardnadze quoted in Rubinstein Alvin Z. Moscow and Teheran: The Wary Accommodation. Rubinstein Alvin Z., Smolansky Oles M. Regional Power Rivalries in the New Eurasia: Russia, Turkey, and Iran. 1994;31-32 M.E. Sharpe, Armonk, N.Y.
3. Foreign Broadcast Information Service. Russia: Primakov Interviewed on NATO, CIS. Daily Report: Central Eurasia. Mar. 21, 1996;16. (hereafter FBIS, CEura).
4. from Komsomolskaya pravda. Mar. 21, 1996.
5. For Russian control over the Central Asian armies, see Clark Susan L. The Central Asian States: Defining Security Priorities and Developing Security Forces. Mandlebaum Michael. Central Asia and the World. 1994;177-206 Council on Foreign Relations Press, New York.
6. See, for example FBIS. Iran Deal Pending Until Gore-Chernomyrdin Talks. CEura. May 18, 1995;2-3.
7. from Kommersant-Daily. May 18, 1995.
8. See also FBIS. [Shumeyko] Urges Duma To Compromise. CEura. May 17, 1995;12.
9. from FBIS. INTERFAX. Russia Seeks Nuclear Plant Contracts Abroad. June 13, 1995;CEura. May 16, 1995;16-17.
10. from Times. June 12, 1995;. (London).
11. Mikhalka Michael. The Russia-Iran Nuclear Deal; 'Diplomacy of Several Doors,'. Transition. Nov. 17, 1995;40-44.
12. See Daniel Pipes, "The Event of Our Era: Former Soviet Muslim Republics Change the Middle East," in Central Asia and the World, p. 85.
13. See also Tchistiakov Andrei. Changes in the Middle East and the Outside World. International Affairs. Nov./Dec. 1995;107.
14. See also Tchistiakov Andrei. Changes in the Middle East and the Outside World. International Affairs. Nov./Dec. 1995;111.
15. Mesbahi Mohiaddin. Introduction: The Emerging 'Muslim' States of Central Asia and the Caucasus. Mesbahi Mohiaddin. Central Asia and the Caucasus After the Soviet Union: Domestic and International Dynamics. 1994;2 University Press of Florida, Gainesville.
16. See Blank Stephen J. Energy, Economics and Security in Centred Asia: Russia and Its Rivals. 1995;6-7 Strategic Studies Institute, U.S. Army War College, Carlisle Barracks, Pa.
17. Mohiaddin Mesbahi, "Russia and the Geopolitics of the Muslim South," in Central Asia and the Caucasus, pp. 298-303.
18. FBIS. NATO Grants Moscow's Demand on Flank Quotas. CEura. Dec. 11, 1995;33-34.
19. from Nezavisimaya gazeta. Dec. 5, 1995.
20. Joint Publication Research Service. Adm Kalinin: Navy and New Russian Military Doctrine. Central Eurasian Military Affairs. Feb. 23, 1994;24-26. (hereafter JPRS, CEMA).
21. from Flag rodiny. Jan. 12, 1994.
22. FBIS. Russian PKK Support Tied to Caspian Oil. CEura Supplement. Dec. 4, 1995;1-2.
23. from Zerkalo. Nov. 17, 1995.
24. Open Media Research Institute. Bolshakov on Russian CIS Policy. OMRI Daily Digest. Jan. 11, 1996.
25. See, for example Foreign Broadcast Information Service. Russian Envoy Views Policy, National Security. Daily Report: Near East and South Asia. Dec. 12, 1994;30. (hereafter FBIS, NES).
26. from Alif Ba'. Dec. 7, 1994.
27. Adomeit Hannes. Russia as a 'Great Power' in World Affairs: Images and Reality. International Affairs. Jan. 1995;55-57.
28. Yeltsin Okays Russian Foreign-Policy 'Concept,'. Current Digest of the Post-Soviet Press. May 26, 1993;13-15. (hereafter CDPP).
29. from Nezavisimaya gazeta. Apr. 29, 1993.
30. Tchistiakov, "Changes in the Middle East and the Outside World," p. 111.
31. Finnegan Philip, Oliveri Frank. Russia, U.S. Battle for UAE Buy. Defense News. Feb. 19-25. 1996;1.
32. Finnegan Philip, Oliveri Frank. Russia, U.S. Battle for UAE Buy. Defense News. Feb. 19-25. 1996;29.
33. Open Media Research Institute. Middle East Priority for Russian Arms Sales. OMRI Daily Digest. May 26, 1995.
34. JPRS. Russian Interests in Near East Arms Trade. CEMA. Mar. 14, 1995;43. from Nezavisimoye voyennoye obozrenie supplement to Nezavisimaya gazeta, No. 1, Feb. 1995.
35. FBIS. Envoy Dispels Concerns over Military Deal. CEura. Dec. 4, 1995;23-24.
36. from ITAR-TASS. Dec. 2, 1995.
37. Grachev Andrei. The Dumb Giant. New Times. Apr. 1995.
38. FBIS. Moscow 'Very Bitter' Over Exclusion From Mideast Talks. CEura. Jan. 4, 1996;9.
39. from Al-Hayah. Jan. 3, 1996;. (London).
40. For the comprehensive security rationale for Russia's deep engagement with the Middle East, see FBIS. Search For Cooperation With Islamic World Urged. CEura Supplement. Mar. 23, 1995;11-16.
41. from Mirovaya Ekonomika i Mezhdunarodnye Otnosheniia. Jan. 1995.
42. See also Concessions Made to Baghdad, but It Isn't Satisfied. CDPP. May 17, 1995;24.
43. from Kommersant-Daily. Apr. 18, 1995.
44. FBIS. Foreign Ministry 'Source' on Links With Iran. CEura. June 1, 1995;16.
45. from The Guardian. May 31, 1995.
46. Blank Stephen. Russia and Iran in a New Middle East. Mediterranean Quarterly. Fall 1992;124-127.
47. See Covington Stephen. Moscow's Insecurity and Eurasian Instability. European Security. Autumn 1995;439-440.
48. FBIS. Search For Cooperation With Islamic World Urged. CEura Supplement. Mar. 23, 1995;11-16.
49. Rahr Alexander. New Focus on Old Priorities. Transition, 1994 in Review. Jan. 1995;9-12. part 2.
50. FBIS. Mystery' Surrounding Grachev PRC, ROK Trips. CEura. May 24, 1995;6-7.
51. from Rossiyskaya gazeta. May 23, 1995.
52. If We Clash It'll Be On The Caspian. CDPP. June 21, 1995;21.
53. from Pravda. May 23, 1995.
54. Olson Robert. The Kurdish Question and Chechnya: Turkish and Russian Foreign Policies Since the Gulf War. Middle East Policy. Mar. 1996;108.
55. Olson Robert. The Kurdish Question and Chechnya: Turkish and Russian Foreign Policies Since the Gulf War. Middle East Policy. Mar. 1996;110-114.
56. The Monitor. Feb. 22, 1996.
57. FBIS. Russia Expels Israeli Diplomat; Concern Over Russian Spying. NES. Feb. 7, 1996;29-30.
58. from Ha'aretz. Feb. 6, 1996.
59. FBIS. Kozyrev Mideast Trip Termed Not 'Sensational,'. CEura. Apr. 6, 1995;12-13.
60. from FBIS. Rossiyskiye vesti. Kozyrev Starts Middle East Tour in Egypt. Mar. 28, 1995;CEura. Apr. 6, 1995;6.
61. from ITAR-TASS. Mar. 28, 1995.
62. Smith M.A. Russia and the Middle East. 1994;7 Conflict Studies Research Centre, RMA Sandhurst, Camberly, Surrey, England.
63. Smith, Russia and the Middle East, p. 7.
64. FBIS. Russia: Further on Russian Peacekeeping in Golan Heights. CEura. Feb. 13, 1996;20-21.
65. from INTERFAX. Feb. 12, 1996.
66. FBIS. Grachev Says Military Ties With Israel Will Aid Peace. CEura. Dec. 5, 1995;20.
67. from Trud. Dec. 5, 1995.
68. FBIS. [Grachev] Sees Russia in 'Metaphor' Role. CEura. Dec. 6, 1995;26. from NTV, Dec. 5, 1995.
69. FBIS. U.S., Russian Interests Need Not Conflict in Middle East. CEura. Mar. 29, 1995;11. from ITAR-TASS, Mar. 23, 1995.
70. See Kogan Eugene. Clandestine Liaisons: Israeli-Russian Defence Co-operation. Jane's Intelligence Review. May 1996;218-219.
71. FBIS. Grachev, Israeli Officials Sign Agreements. CEura. Dec. 4, 1995;23. from NTV, Dec. 1, 1995.
72. FBIS. Grachev on Results of Israel Trip. CEura. Dec. 6, 1995;25. from Radio Rossii Network, Dec. 5, 1995.
73. FBIS. Federal Law on Use of Nuclear Energy. CEura. Dec. 11, 1995;30.
74. from INTERFAX. Dec. 9, 1995.
75. FBIS. [Grachev] Insists Arms Trade for the 'Future,'. CEura. Dec. 5, 1995;20-21. from Krasnaya zvezda, Dec. 5, 1995.
76. FBIS. [Israel] Seeks Influence in U.S. Over Sudan Deal. NES. Dec. 1, 1995;44.
77. from Davar Rishon. Dec. 1, 1995.
78. FBIS. Deputy Minister Reports on Grachev Visit to Israel. CEura. Dec. 4, 1995;22-23. from ITAR-TASS, Dec. 4, 1995.
79. Time To Repay Debts. CDPP. Jan. 31, 1996;23-24. from Moskovskiye novosti. Jan. 1-14, 1996.
80. The Monitor. Feb. 20, 1996.
81. Graham E. Fuller, "Russia and Central Asia: Federation or Fault Line?" in Central Asia and the World, p. 115.
82. FBIS. Iran: Daily Views, Gore-Chernomyrdin Talks, Russian Ties. NES. July 13, 1995;65-66.
83. from Abrar. July 4, 1995.
84. FBIS. Ties With Russia Based on 'Long-Term Strategy,'. NES. Apr, 12, 1996;71-72.
85. from Voice of the Islamic Republic of Iran First Program. Apr. 11, 1996.
86. FBIS. Abrar on Russian Round Table. NES. Mar. 17, 1995;71-72.
87. from Abrar. Mar. 7, 1995.
88. FBIS. Foreign Ministry 'Source' on Links With Iran. CEura. June 1, 1995;16.
89. FBIS. Search For Cooperation With Islamic World Urged. CEura Supplement. Mar. 23, 1995;11-16.
90. FBIS. Iran Said 'Crucial Partner' in Region. NES. Mar. 8, 1995;51. from IRNA, Mar. 8, 1995.
91. See FBIS. Abrar on Russian Round Table. NES. Mar. 17, 1995;71-72.
92. FBIS. Russians Defend Sale of Advanced Submarines. NES. Mar. 23, 1995;47-48. from AFP, Mar. 21, 1995; and.
93. Perera Judith. Russia: Stepping Into the Gulf. Middle East International. Mar. 20, 1995;13.
94. OMRI Daily Digest. May 26, 1995.
95. FBIS. Rafsanjani Answers Questions on Regional Issues. NES. May 31, 1995;65-66. from IRNA, May 30, 1995.
96. FBIS. Iran 'Happy' at Russian-US. 'Confrontation,'. CEura. May 30, 1995;27-29.
97. from Izvestiya. May 30, 1995.
98. FBIS. Russian Ambassador Interviewed on Ties, Issues. NES. Oct. 11, 1995;74-79.
99. from Abrar. Sept. 27, 1995.
100. FBIS. Iran's Support on Caspian Oil Deal Seen Ineffective. CEura. May 25, 1995;14.
101. from Izvestiya. May 23, 1995.
102. Staar Richard F. The New Military in Russia: Ten Myths That Shape the Image. 1996;107 Naval Institute Press, Annapolis, Md.
103. Staar Richard F. The New Military in Russia: Ten Myths That Shape the Image. 1966;111 Naval Institute Press, Annapolis, Md.
104. FBIS. Moscow 'Very Bitter,'. CEura. Jan. 4, 1996;9.
105. Smith, Russia and the Middle East, pp. 3-5.
106. FBIS. Russian Interests Said as Important as U.S. Interests. NES. Apr. 13, 1995;39.
107. from Al-Jumhuriyah. Jan. 25, 1995.
108. Perera, "Russia: Stepping Into the Gulf," p. 13.
109. FBIS. Deal To Trade Iraqi Oil for Moscow Nuclear Technology Seen. NES. June 6, 1995;62-63.
110. from Carriere Della Sera. June 4, 1995.
111. Smith R. Jeffrey. U.N. Is Said to Find Russian Markings on Iraq-Bound Military Equipment. Washington Post. Dec. 15, 1995.
112. On Soviet efforts to forge an entente between Iran and Iraq, see Shemesh Haim. Soviet-Iraqi Relations 1968-1988: In the Shadow of the Iraq-Iran Conflict. 1992;Lynne Rienner, Boulder, Colo.
113. Smolansky Oles, Smolansky Bettie M. The USSR and Iraq: The Soviet Quest for Influence. 1991;Duke University Press, Durham, N.C.
114. Smith, Russia and the Middle East, p. 30.
115. Mikhalka, "The Russia-Iran Nuclear Deal," pp. 40-44.
116. See FBIS. Russia: Large-Scale Economic Cooperation To Be Resumed With Libya. CEura. Mar. 28, 1996;14.
117. from INTERFAX. Mar. 28, 1996.
118. FBIS. Russia: Davydov Says Libya 'Condemns All Forms' of Terrorism. CEura. Mar. 29, 1996;15.
119. from INTERFAX. Mar. 28, 1996.
120. FBIS. Russia: Vice Premier Davydov Cited on Libya Visit. CEura. Apr. 1, 1996;21-22.
121. from Izvestiya. Mar. 30, 1996.
122. FBIS. Resumption of Military Contacts With Sudan Criticized. CEura. Apr. 25, 1995;16-17.
123. from Nezavisimaya gazeta. Apr. 18, 1995.
124. from Nezavisimaya gazeta. Apr. 18, 1995.
125. Kemal H. Karpat, "The Ottoman Rule in Europe From the Perspective of 1994,".
126. and Kraemer Heinz. Turkey and the European Union: A Multi-Dimensional Relationship With Hazy Perspectives. Mastny Vojtech, Nation R. Craig. Turkey Between East and West: New Challenges for a Rising Regional Power. 1996;2-4 Westview Press, Boulder, Colo.
127. and Kraemer Heinz. Turkey and the European Union: A Multi-Dimensional Relationship With Hazy Perspectives. Mastny Vojtech, Nation R. Craig. Turkey Between East and West: New Challenges for a Rising Regional Power. 1996;217-226 Westview Press, Boulder, Colo.