Significantly higher adrenocorticotropin-stimulated cortisol and 17-hydroxyprogesterone levels in 337 consecutive, premenopausal, caucasian, hirsute patients compared with healthy controls

Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism

Volumn 90, Issue 3, 2005, Pages 1347-1353

  Glintborg, D ^a   Hermann, A P ^a   Brusgaard, K ^a   Hangaard, J ^a   Hagen, C ^a   Andersen, M ^a  

^a ODENSE UNIVERSITY HOSPITAL   (Denmark)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

CORTICOTROPIN; HYDROCORTISONE; HYDROXYPROGESTERONE; DIAGNOSTIC AGENT; STEROID 21 MONOOXYGENASE;

ADULT; AGED; ARTICLE; CAUCASIAN; CONFIDENCE INTERVAL; CONTROLLED STUDY; FEMALE; FOLLICULAR PHASE; GENE MUTATION; GENETIC SCREENING; GEOMETRY; HETEROZYGOTE; HIRSUTISM; HUMAN; MAJOR CLINICAL STUDY; MENSTRUATION; OVARY POLYCYSTIC DISEASE; PREMENOPAUSE; PREVALENCE; PRIORITY JOURNAL; SCORING SYSTEM; STATISTICAL SIGNIFICANCE; TESTOSTERONE BLOOD LEVEL; BLOOD; GENETICS; GENOTYPE; METABOLISM;

17-ALPHA-HYDROXYPROGESTERONE; ADRENOCORTICOTROPIC HORMONE; ADULT; EUROPEAN CONTINENTAL ANCESTRY GROUP; FEMALE; GENOTYPE; HETEROZYGOTE; HIRSUTISM; HUMANS; HYDROCORTISONE; POLYCYSTIC OVARY SYNDROME; PREMENOPAUSE; PREVALENCE; STEROID 21-HYDROXYLASE;

EID: 15944413193     PISSN: 0021972X     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1210/jc.2004-1214     Document Type: Article

References (49)

1. Glintborg D, Henriksen JE, Andersen M, Hagen C, Hangaard J, Rasmussen PE, Schousboe K, Hermann AP 2004 The prevalence of endocrine diseases and abnormal glucose tolerance tests in 340 Caucasian, premenopausal women with hirsutism as primary diagnosis. Fertil Steril 82:1570-1579
2. Moran C, Tapia MC, Hernandez E, Vazquez G, Garcia-Hernandez E, Bermudez JA 1994 Etiological review of hirsutism in 250 patients. Arch Med Res 25:311-314
3. O'Driscoll JB, Mamtora H, Higginson J, Pollock A, Kane J, Anderson DC 1994 A prospective study of the prevalence of clear-cut endocrine disorders and polycystic ovaries in 350 patients presenting with hirsutism or androgenic alopecia. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) 41:231-236
4. Xita N, Georgiou I, Tsatsoulis A 2002 The genetic basis of polycystic ovary syndrome. Eur J Endocrinol 147:717-725
5. Urbanek M, Legro RS, Driscoll D, Strauss III JF, Dunaif A, Spielman RS 2000 Searching for the polycystic ovary syndrome genes. J Pediatr Endocrinol Metab 13(Suppl 5):1311-1313
6. Escobar-Morreale HF, San Millan JL, Smith RR, Sancho J, Witchel SF 1999 The presence of the 21-hydroxylase deficiency carrier status in hirsute women: phenotype-genotype correlations. Fertil Steril 72:629-638
7. Witchel SF, Lee PA, Suda-Hartman M, Hoffman EP 1997 Hyperandrogenism and manifesting heterozygotes for 21-hydroxylase deficiency, Biochem Mol Med 62:151-158
8. Witchel SF, Aston CE 2000 The role of heterozygosity for CYP21 in the polycystic ovary syndrome. J Pediatr Endocrinol Metab 13(Suppl 5):1315-1317
9. Witchel SF, Lee PA 1998 Identification of heterozygotic carriers of 21-hydroxylase deficiency: sensitivity of ACTH stimulation tests. Am J Med Genet 76:337-342
10. Escobar-Morreale HF, Serrano-Gotarredona J, Garcia-Robles R, Sancho J, Varela C 1997 Mild adrenal and ovarian steroidogenic abnormalities in hirsute women without hyperandrogenemia: does idiopathic hirsutism exist? Metabolism 46:902-907
11. Rossi R, Tauchmanova L, Luciano A 2001 Functional hyperandrogenism detected by corticotropin and GnRH-analogue stimulation tests in women affected by apparently idiopathic hirsutism. J Endocrinol Invest 24:491-498
12. Escobar-Morreale H, Pazos F, Potau N, Garcia-Robles R, Sancho JM, Varela C 1994 Ovarian suppression with triptorelin and adrenal stimulation with adrenocorticotropin in functional hyperadrogenism: role of adrenal and ovarian cytochrome P450c17α. Fertil Steril 62:521-530
13. Lucky AW, Rosenfield RL, McGuire J, Rudy S, Heike J 1986 Adrenal androgen hyperresponsiveness to adrenocorticotropin in women with acne and/or hirsutism: adrenal enzyme defects and exaggerated adrenarche. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 62:840-848
14. Kelestimur F, Sahin Y 1999 Alternate pathway 17,20-lyase enzyme activity in the adrenals is enhanced in patients with polycystic ovary syndrome. Fertil Steril 71:1075-1078
15. Azziz R, Black V, Hines GA, Fox LM, Boots LR 1998 Adrenal androgen excess in the polycystic ovary syndrome: sensitivity and responsivity of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 83:2317-2323
16. Sahin Y, Kelestimur F 1997 The frequency of late-onset 21-hydroxylase and 11β-hydroxylase deficiency in women with polycystic ovary syndrome. Eur J Endocrinol 137:670-674
17. Erel CT, Senturk LM, Oral E, Colgar U, Ertungealp E 1998 Adrenal androgenic response to 2-hour ACTH stimulation test in women with PCOS. Gynecol Endocrinol 12:223-229
18. Ehrmann DA, Barnes RB, Rosenfield RL 1995 Polycystic ovary syndrome as a form of functional ovarian hyperandrogenism due to dysregulation of androgen secretion. Endocr Rev 16:322-353
19. Moghetti P, Castello R, Negri C 1996 Insulin infusion amplifies 17α-hydroxycorticosteroid intermediates response to adrenocorticotropin in hyperandrogenic women: apparent relative impairment of 17,20-lyase activity. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 81:881-886
20. Solberg HE 1987 International Federation of Clinical Chemistry. Scientific committee, Clinical Section. Expert Panel on Theory of Reference Values and International Committee for Standardization in Haematology Standing Committee on Reference Values. Approved recommendation 1986 on the theory of reference values. Part 1. The concept of reference values. Clin Chim Acta 165:111-118
21. 2004 Revised 2003 consensus on diagnostic criteria and long-term health risks related to polycystic ovary syndrome. Fertil Steril 81:19-25
22. Ferriman D, Gallwey JD 1961 Clinical assessment of body hair growth in women. J Clin Endocrinol 21:1440-1447
23. Lykkesfeldt G, Bennett P, Lykkesfeldt AE, Micic S, Moller S, Svenstrup B 1985 Abnormal androgen and oestrogen metabolism in men with steroid sulphatase deficiency and recessive X-linked ichthyosis. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) 23:385-393
24. Bobba A, Iolascon A, Giannattasio S 1997 Characterisation of CAH alleles with non-radioactive DNA single strand conformation polymorphism analysis of the CYP21 gene. J Med Genet 34:223-228
25. Fischer SG, Lerman LS 1980 Separation of random fragments of DNA according to properties of their sequences. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 77:4420-4424
26. Abrams ES, Murdaugh SE, Lerman LS 1990 Comprehensive detection of single base changes in human genomic DNA using denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis and a GC clamp. Genomics 7:463-475
27. Kristensen SR, Käehne M, Petersen NE 2002 Severe antithrombin-deficiency in a newborn presenting with a thrombosis at birth. Scand J Clin Lab Invest 62:98
28. Blanche H, Vexiau P, Clauin S, Le Gall I, Fiet J, Mornet E, Dausset J, Bellanne-Chantelot C 1997 Exhaustive screening of the 21-hydroxylase gene in a population of hyperandrogenic women. Hum Genet 101:56-60
29. Azziz R, Owerbach D 1995 Molecular abnormalities of the 21-hydroxylase gene in hyperandrogenic women with an exaggerated 17-hydroxyprogesterone response to short-term adrenal stimulation. Am J Obstet Gynecol 172:914-918
30. Knochenhauer ES, Cortet-Rudelli C, Cunnigham RD, Conway-Myers BA, Dewailly D, Azziz R 1997 Carriers of 21-hydroxylase deficiency are not at increased risk for hyperandrogenism. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 82:479-485
31. Azziz R, Dewailly D, Owerbach D 1994 Clinical review 56: nonclassic adrenal hyperplasia: current concepts. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 78:810-815
32. Rosenfield RL 1999 Ovarian and adrenal function in polycystic ovary syndrome. Endocrinol Metab Clin North Am 28:265-293
33. Moran C, Azziz R 2001 The role of the adrenal cortex in polycystic ovary syndrome. Obstet Gynecol Clin North Am 28:63-75
34. Azziz R, Rafi A, Smith BR, Bradley Jr EL, Zacur HA 1990 On the origin of the elevated 17-hydroxyprogesterone levels after adrenal stimulation in hyperandrogenism. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 70:431-436
35. Azziz R, Rittmaster RS, Fox LM, Bradley Jr EL, Potter HD, Boots LR 1998 Role of the ovary in the adrenal androgen excess of hyperandrogenic women. Fertil Steril 69:851-859
36. Moran C, Reyna R, Boots LS, Azziz R 2001 Adrenocortical hyperresponsiveness to corticotropin in polycystic ovary syndrome patients with adrenal androgen excess. Fertil Steril 81:126-131
37. Anapliotou MG, Syrigos K, Papanicolaou T, Panayiotakopoulos G, Kalos A, Batrinos ML 1990 Adrenal hyperresponsiveness to ACTH stimulation in women with polycystic ovary syndrome: an adrenarchal type of response. Int J Fertil 35:230-239'
38. Lanzone A, Petraglia F, Fulghesu AM, Ciampelli M, Caruso A, Mancuso S 1995 Corticorropin-releasing hormone induces an exaggerated response of adrenocorticotropic hormone and cortisol in polycystic ovary syndrome. Fertil Steril 63:1195-1199
39. Sahin Y, Kelestimur F 1997 17-Hydroxyprogesterone responses to gonadotrophin-releasing hormone agonist buserelin and adrenocorticotrophin in polycystic ovary syndrome: investigation of adrenal and ovarian cytochrome P450c17α dysregulation. Hum Reprod 12:910-913
40. Kamel N, Tonyukuk V, Emral R, Corapcioglu D, Bastemir M, Gullu S 2003 The prevalence of late onset congenital adrenal hyperplasia in hirsute women from Central Anatolia. Endocr J 50:815-823
41. Invitti C, De Martin M, Delitala G, Veldhuis JD, Cavagnini F 1998 Altered morning and nighttime pulsatile corticotropin and cortisol release in polycystic ovary syndrome. Metabolism 47:143-148
42. Miller JE, Bray MA, Faiman C, Reyes FI 1994 Characterization of 24-h cortisol release in obese and non-obese hyperandrogenic women. Gynecol Endocrinol 8:247-254
43. Bjorntorp P, Rosmond R 2000 Obesity and cortisol. Nutrition 16:924-936
44. Bjorntorp P 1997 Body fat distribution, insulin resistance, and metabolic diseases. Nutrition 13:795-803
45. Nader S, Rodriguez-Rigau LJ, Smith KD, Steinberger E 1984 Acne and hyperandrogenism: impact of lowering androgen levels with glucocorticoid treatment. J Am Acad Dermatol 11:256-259
46. Smith KD, Rodriguez-Rigau LJ, Steinberger E 1982 Response of the adrenal to adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) in hyperandrogenic women treated chronically with low doses of prednisone. Fertil Steril 38:202-206
47. Rodriguez-Rigau LJ, Smith KD, Tcholakian RK, Steinberger E 1979 Effect of prednisone on plasma testosterone levels and on duration of phases of the menstrual cycle in hyperandrogenic women. Fertil Steril 32:408-413
48. Emans SJ, Grace E, Woods ER, Mansfield J, Crigler Jr JF 1988 Treatment with dexamethasone of androgen excess in adolescent patients. J Pediatr 112:821-826
49. Azziz R, Black VY, Knochenhauer ES, Hines GA, Boots LR 1999 Ovulation after glucocorticoid suppression of adrenal androgens in the polycystic ovary syndrome is not predicted by the basal dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate level. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 84:946-950