메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 59, Issue 3, 2005, Pages 577-585

Environmental origins of sexually selected variation and a critique of the fluctuating asymmetry-sexual selection hypothesis

Author keywords

Drosophila bipectinata; Environmental variation; Fluctuating asymmetry; Genetic variation; Genotype by environment interaction; Sex comb; Sexual selection; Thermal stress; Y chromosome

Indexed keywords

ENVIRONMENTAL STRESS; FLUCTUATING ASYMMETRY; GENOTYPE-ENVIRONMENT INTERACTION; SECONDARY SEXUAL CHARACTERISTICS; SEXUAL SELECTION; TEMPERATURE;

EID: 15944397658     PISSN: 00143820     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1111/j.0014-3820.2005.tb01017.x     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (34)

References (75)
  • 1
    • 38249028202 scopus 로고
    • Patterns of variation in tail ornament size in birds
    • Alatalo, R. V., J. Höglund, and A. Lundberg. 1988. Patterns of variation in tail ornament size in birds. Biol. J. Linn. Soc. 34:363-374.
    • (1988) Biol. J. Linn. Soc. , vol.34 , pp. 363-374
    • Alatalo, R.V.1    Höglund, J.2    Lundberg, A.3
  • 2
    • 0020383077 scopus 로고
    • Sexual selection, natural selection, and quality advertisement
    • Andersson, M. 1982. Sexual selection, natural selection, and quality advertisement. Biol. J. Linn. Soc. 17:375-393.
    • (1982) Biol. J. Linn. Soc. , vol.17 , pp. 375-393
    • Andersson, M.1
  • 3
    • 0000023166 scopus 로고
    • Evolution of condition-dependent sex ornaments and mating preferences: Sexual selection based on viability differences
    • _. 1986. Evolution of condition-dependent sex ornaments and mating preferences: sexual selection based on viability differences. Evolution 40:804-816.
    • (1986) Evolution , vol.40 , pp. 804-816
  • 4
    • 0004134698 scopus 로고
    • Princeton Univ. Press, Princeton, NJ
    • _. 1994. Sexual selection. Princeton Univ. Press, Princeton, NJ.
    • (1994) Sexual Selection
  • 5
    • 0242712054 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Context-dependent sexual advertisement: Plasticity in development of sexual ornamentation throughout the lifetime of a passerine bird
    • Badyaev, A. V., and R. A. Duckworth, 2003. Context-dependent sexual advertisement: plasticity in development of sexual ornamentation throughout the lifetime of a passerine bird. J. Evol. Biol. 16:1065-1076.
    • (2003) J. Evol. Biol. , vol.16 , pp. 1065-1076
    • Badyaev, A.V.1    Duckworth, R.A.2
  • 6
    • 0027323895 scopus 로고
    • On avian asymmetry: Evidence of natural selection for symmetrical tails and wings in birds
    • Balmford, A., I. L. Jones, and A. L. R. Thomas. 1993. On avian asymmetry: evidence of natural selection for symmetrical tails and wings in birds. Proc. R. Soc. Lond. B 252:245-251.
    • (1993) Proc. R. Soc. Lond. B , vol.252 , pp. 245-251
    • Balmford, A.1    Jones, I.L.2    Thomas, A.L.R.3
  • 7
    • 0031773671 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Fluctuating asymmetry, body size and sexual selection in the dung fly Sepsis cynipsea: Testing the good genes - Assumptions and prediction
    • Blanckenhorn, W. U., T. Reusch, and C. Muhlhauser. 1998. Fluctuating asymmetry, body size and sexual selection in the dung fly Sepsis cynipsea: testing the good genes - assumptions and prediction. J. Evol. Biol. 11:735-753.
    • (1998) J. Evol. Biol. , vol.11 , pp. 735-753
    • Blanckenhorn, W.U.1    Reusch, T.2    Muhlhauser, C.3
  • 8
    • 0030811332 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Polymorphism for Y-linked suppressors of sex-ratio in two natural populations of Drosophila mediopunctata
    • Carvalho, A. B., S. C. Vaz, and L. B. Klaczko. 1997. Polymorphism for Y-linked suppressors of sex-ratio in two natural populations of Drosophila mediopunctata. Genetics 146:891-902.
    • (1997) Genetics , vol.146 , pp. 891-902
    • Carvalho, A.B.1    Vaz, S.C.2    Klaczko, L.B.3
  • 9
    • 0035826820 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Y chromosome polymorphism is a strong determinant of male fitness in Drosophila melanogaster
    • Chippindale, A. K., and W. R. Rice. 2001. Y chromosome polymorphism is a strong determinant of male fitness in Drosophila melanogaster. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 98:5677-5682.
    • (2001) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA , vol.98 , pp. 5677-5682
    • Chippindale, A.K.1    Rice, W.R.2
  • 10
    • 0029661315 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Within- and between-generation effects of temperature on the morphology and physiology of Drosophila melanogaster
    • Crill, W. D., R. B. Huey, and G. W. Gilchrist. 1996. Within- and between-generation effects of temperature on the morphology and physiology of Drosophila melanogaster. Evolution 50:1205-1218.
    • (1996) Evolution , vol.50 , pp. 1205-1218
    • Crill, W.D.1    Huey, R.B.2    Gilchrist, G.W.3
  • 12
    • 0002647120 scopus 로고
    • Climatic instability, time lags, and community disequilibrium
    • J. Diamond and T. Case, eds. Harper and Row, New York
    • Davis, M. 1986. Climatic instability, time lags, and community disequilibrium. Pp. 269-284 in J. Diamond and T. Case, eds. Community ecology. Harper and Row, New York.
    • (1986) Community Ecology , pp. 269-284
    • Davis, M.1
  • 13
    • 15944366736 scopus 로고
    • Sexual selection, additive genetic variance, and the "phenotypic handicap"
    • Dominey, W. J. 1983. Sexual selection, additive genetic variance, and the "phenotypic handicap." J. Theor. Biol. 57:345-354.
    • (1983) J. Theor. Biol. , vol.57 , pp. 345-354
    • Dominey, W.J.1
  • 14
    • 0003157913 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Adaptive genetic variation in the wild
    • T. A. Mousseau, B. Sinervo, and J. A. Endler, eds. Oxford Univ. Press, New York
    • Endler, J. A. 2000. Adaptive genetic variation in the wild. Pp. 251-260 in T. A. Mousseau, B. Sinervo, and J. A. Endler, eds. Adaptive genetic variation in the wild. Oxford Univ. Press, New York.
    • (2000) Adaptive Genetic Variation in the Wild , pp. 251-260
    • Endler, J.A.1
  • 15
    • 0026312670 scopus 로고
    • The size of adornments in the scarlet-tufted malachite sunbird varies with environmental conditions
    • Evans, M. R. 1991. The size of adornments in the scarlet-tufted malachite sunbird varies with environmental conditions. Anim. Behav. 42:797-803.
    • (1991) Anim. Behav. , vol.42 , pp. 797-803
    • Evans, M.R.1
  • 16
    • 0027317988 scopus 로고
    • Fluctuating asymmetry and long tails: The mechanical effects of asymmetry may act to enforce honest advertisement
    • _. 1993. Fluctuating asymmetry and long tails: the mechanical effects of asymmetry may act to enforce honest advertisement. Proc. R. Soc. Lond. B 253:205-209.
    • (1993) Proc. R. Soc. Lond. B , vol.253 , pp. 205-209
  • 18
    • 0028981035 scopus 로고
    • Inter- and intra-sexual patterns of fluctuating asymmetry in the red-billed streamertail: Should symmetry always increase with ornament size
    • Evans, M. R., T. L. F. Martins, and M. P. Haley. 1995. Inter- and intra-sexual patterns of fluctuating asymmetry in the red-billed streamertail: should symmetry always increase with ornament size. Behav. Ecol. Sociobiol. 37:15-23.
    • (1995) Behav. Ecol. Sociobiol. , vol.37 , pp. 15-23
    • Evans, M.R.1    Martins, T.L.F.2    Haley, M.P.3
  • 21
    • 0033595227 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Environmental determination of a sexually selected trait
    • Griffith, S. C., I. P. F. Owens, and T. Burke. 1999. Environmental determination of a sexually selected trait. Nature 400:358-360.
    • (1999) Nature , vol.400 , pp. 358-360
    • Griffith, S.C.1    Owens, I.P.F.2    Burke, T.3
  • 22
    • 0000497467 scopus 로고
    • A laboratory study of male territoriality in the sibling species Drosophila melanogaster and D. simulans
    • Hoffmann, A. A. 1987. A laboratory study of male territoriality in the sibling species Drosophila melanogaster and D. simulans. Anim. Behav. 35:807-818.
    • (1987) Anim. Behav. , vol.35 , pp. 807-818
    • Hoffmann, A.A.1
  • 23
    • 0000768582 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Laboratory and field heritabilities, Some lessons from Drosophila
    • T. A. Mousseau, B. Sinervo, and J. A. Endler, eds. Oxford Univ. Press, New York
    • _. 2000. Laboratory and field heritabilities, Some lessons from Drosophila. Pp. 200-218 in T. A. Mousseau, B. Sinervo, and J. A. Endler, eds. Adaptive genetic variation in the wild. Oxford Univ. Press, New York.
    • (2000) Adaptive Genetic Variation in the Wild , pp. 200-218
  • 25
    • 0141478303 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Associating environmental stress with developmental stability: Problems and patterns
    • M. Polak, ed. Oxford Univ. Press, New York
    • Hoffmann, A. A., and R. E. Woods. 2003. Associating environmental stress with developmental stability: problems and patterns. Pp. 387-401 in M. Polak, ed. Developmental instability: causes and consequences. Oxford Univ. Press, New York.
    • (2003) Developmental Instability: Causes and Consequences , pp. 387-401
    • Hoffmann, A.A.1    Woods, R.E.2
  • 26
    • 0026540999 scopus 로고
    • Comparing evolvability and variability of quantitative traits
    • Houle, D. 1992. Comparing evolvability and variability of quantitative traits. Genetics 130:195-204.
    • (1992) Genetics , vol.130 , pp. 195-204
    • Houle, D.1
  • 27
    • 0030843529 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Patterns of fluctuating asymmetry in beetle horns: An experimental examination of the honest signalling hypothesis
    • Hunt, J., and L. W. Simmons. 1997. Patterns of fluctuating asymmetry in beetle horns: an experimental examination of the honest signalling hypothesis. Behav. Ecol. Sociobiol. 41:109-114.
    • (1997) Behav. Ecol. Sociobiol. , vol.41 , pp. 109-114
    • Hunt, J.1    Simmons, L.W.2
  • 28
    • 0031665885 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pattern of fluctuating asymmetry in beetle horns: No evidence for reliable signaling
    • _. 1998. Pattern of fluctuating asymmetry in beetle horns: no evidence for reliable signaling. Behav. Ecol. 9:465-470.
    • (1998) Behav. Ecol. , vol.9 , pp. 465-470
  • 29
    • 0035992327 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evolution of male sexual characters in the Oriental Drosophila melanogaster species group
    • Kopp, A., and J. R. True. (2002) Evolution of male sexual characters in the Oriental Drosophila melanogaster species group. Evol. Dev. 4:278-291.
    • (2002) Evol. Dev. , vol.4 , pp. 278-291
    • Kopp, A.1    True, J.R.2
  • 30
    • 0034841587 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Costs of sexual traits: A mismatch between theoretical considerations and empirical evidence
    • Kotiaho, J. S. 2001. Costs of sexual traits: a mismatch between theoretical considerations and empirical evidence. Biol. Rev. 76:365-376.
    • (2001) Biol. Rev. , vol.76 , pp. 365-376
    • Kotiaho, J.S.1
  • 31
    • 0035810248 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Towards a resolution of the lek paradox
    • Kotiaho, J. S., L. W. Simmons, and J. L. Tomkins. 2001. Towards a resolution of the lek paradox. Nature 410:684-686.
    • (2001) Nature , vol.410 , pp. 684-686
    • Kotiaho, J.S.1    Simmons, L.W.2    Tomkins, J.L.3
  • 32
    • 0019854663 scopus 로고
    • Models of speciation by sexual selection on polygenic traits
    • Lande, R. 1981. Models of speciation by sexual selection on polygenic traits. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 78:3721-3725.
    • (1981) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA , vol.78 , pp. 3721-3725
    • Lande, R.1
  • 33
    • 0020401524 scopus 로고
    • Rapid origination of reproductive isolation and character divergence in a cline
    • _. 1982. Rapid origination of reproductive isolation and character divergence in a cline. Evolution 36:213-223.
    • (1982) Evolution , vol.36 , pp. 213-223
  • 35
    • 0001702436 scopus 로고
    • Symmetry and ornamentation are correlated in the peacock's train
    • Manning, J. T., and M. A. Hartley. 1991. Symmetry and ornamentation are correlated in the peacock's train. Anim. Behav. 42:1020-2021.
    • (1991) Anim. Behav. , vol.42 , pp. 1020-2021
    • Manning, J.T.1    Hartley, M.A.2
  • 36
    • 0031972434 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Genetic variation and causes of genotype-environment interaction in the body size of blue tit (Parus caeruleus)
    • Merilä, J., and J. D. Fry. 1998. Genetic variation and causes of genotype-environment interaction in the body size of blue tit (Parus caeruleus). Genetics 148:1233-1244.
    • (1998) Genetics , vol.148 , pp. 1233-1244
    • Merilä, J.1    Fry, J.D.2
  • 37
    • 0013570499 scopus 로고
    • Fluctuating asymmetry in male sexual ornaments may reliably reveal male quality
    • Møller, A. P. 1990. Fluctuating asymmetry in male sexual ornaments may reliably reveal male quality. Anim. Behav. 40:1185-1187.
    • (1990) Anim. Behav. , vol.40 , pp. 1185-1187
    • Møller, A.P.1
  • 38
    • 0026615319 scopus 로고
    • Female swallow preference for symmetrical male sexual ornaments
    • _. 1992a. Female swallow preference for symmetrical male sexual ornaments. Nature 357:238-240.
    • (1992) Nature , vol.357 , pp. 238-240
  • 39
    • 0026563073 scopus 로고
    • Patterns of fluctuating asymmetry in weapons: Evidence for reliable signalling of quality in beetle horns and bird spurs
    • _. 1992b. Patterns of fluctuating asymmetry in weapons: evidence for reliable signalling of quality in beetle horns and bird spurs. Proc. R. Soc. Lond. B 248:199-206.
    • (1992) Proc. R. Soc. Lond. B , vol.248 , pp. 199-206
  • 40
    • 0027331506 scopus 로고
    • Patterns of fluctuating asymmetry in sexual ornaments predict female choice
    • _. 1993a. Patterns of fluctuating asymmetry in sexual ornaments predict female choice. J. Evol. Biol. 6:481-491.
    • (1993) J. Evol. Biol. , vol.6 , pp. 481-491
  • 41
    • 0000511077 scopus 로고
    • Developmental stability, sexual selection, and the evolution of secondary sexual characters
    • _. 1993b. Developmental stability, sexual selection, and the evolution of secondary sexual characters. Etología 3:199-208.
    • (1993) Etología , vol.3 , pp. 199-208
  • 42
    • 0028247892 scopus 로고
    • Sexual selection in the barn swallow (Hirundo rustica). IV. Patterns of fluctuating asymmetry and selection against asymmetry
    • _. 1994. Sexual selection in the barn swallow (Hirundo rustica). IV. Patterns of fluctuating asymmetry and selection against asymmetry. Evolution 49:658-670.
    • (1994) Evolution , vol.49 , pp. 658-670
  • 43
    • 0028928195 scopus 로고
    • Bumblebee preference for symmetrical flowers
    • _. 1995. Bumblebee preference for symmetrical flowers. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 92:2288-2292.
    • (1995) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA , vol.92 , pp. 2288-2292
  • 44
    • 1842496133 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Asymmetry, size, and sexual selection: Factors affecting heterogeneity in relationships between asymmetry and sexual selection
    • M. Polak, ed. Oxford Univ. Press, New York
    • Møller, A. P., and J. J. Cuervo. 2003. Asymmetry, size, and sexual selection: factors affecting heterogeneity in relationships between asymmetry and sexual selection. Pp. 262-275 in M. Polak, ed. Developmental instability: causes and consequences. Oxford Univ. Press, New York.
    • (2003) Developmental Instability: Causes and Consequences , pp. 262-275
    • Møller, A.P.1    Cuervo, J.J.2
  • 45
    • 0028161469 scopus 로고
    • Patterns of fluctuating asymmetry in flowers: Implications for sexual selection in plants
    • Møller, A. P., and M. Eriksson. 1994. Patterns of fluctuating asymmetry in flowers: implications for sexual selection in plants. J. Evol. Biol. 7:97-113.
    • (1994) J. Evol. Biol. , vol.7 , pp. 97-113
    • Møller, A.P.1    Eriksson, M.2
  • 46
    • 0025830602 scopus 로고
    • Patterns of fluctuating asymmetry in avian feather ornaments: Implications for models of sexual selection
    • Møller, A. P., and J. Höglund. 1991. Patterns of fluctuating asymmetry in avian feather ornaments: implications for models of sexual selection. Proc. R. Soc. Lond. B 245:1-5.
    • (1991) Proc. R. Soc. Lond. B , vol.245 , pp. 1-5
    • Møller, A.P.1    Höglund, J.2
  • 47
    • 0027133744 scopus 로고
    • Fluctuating asymmetry and sexual selection
    • Møller, A. P., and A. Pomiankowski. 1993. Fluctuating asymmetry and sexual selection. Genetica 89:267-279.
    • (1993) Genetica , vol.89 , pp. 267-279
    • Møller, A.P.1    Pomiankowski, A.2
  • 48
    • 0033370002 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Developmental stability in plants: Patterns and causes
    • Møller, A. P., and J. A. Shykoff. 1999. Developmental stability in plants: patterns and causes. Int. J. Plant Sci. 160:8135-8146.
    • (1999) Int. J. Plant Sci. , vol.160 , pp. 8135-8146
    • Møller, A.P.1    Shykoff, J.A.2
  • 50
    • 0842345180 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Developmental perspectives on phenotypic variation, canalization, and fluctuating asymmetry
    • M. Polak, ed. Oxford Univ. Press, New York
    • Nijhout, H. F., and G. Davidowitz. 2003. Developmental perspectives on phenotypic variation, canalization, and fluctuating asymmetry. Pp. 3-13 in M. Polak, ed. Developmental instability: causes and consequences. Oxford Univ. Press, New York.
    • (2003) Developmental Instability: Causes and Consequences , pp. 3-13
    • Nijhout, H.F.1    Davidowitz, G.2
  • 51
    • 0000174214 scopus 로고
    • Phenotypic plasticity and the handicap principle
    • Nur, N., and O. Hasson. 1984. Phenotypic plasticity and the handicap principle. J. Theor. Biol. 110:275-297.
    • (1984) J. Theor. Biol. , vol.110 , pp. 275-297
    • Nur, N.1    Hasson, O.2
  • 52
    • 84966192844 scopus 로고
    • Polymorphism at the ADH and alpha-GPDH loci in Drosophila melanogaster effects of rearing temperature on developmental rate, body weight, and some biochemical parameters
    • Oudman, L., W. Vandelden, A. Kamping, and R. Bijlsma. 1991. Polymorphism at the ADH and alpha-GPDH loci in Drosophila melanogaster effects of rearing temperature on developmental rate, body weight, and some biochemical parameters. Heredity 67:103-115.
    • (1991) Heredity , vol.67 , pp. 103-115
    • Oudman, L.1    Vandelden, W.2    Kamping, A.3    Bijlsma, R.4
  • 54
    • 0025367242 scopus 로고
    • Fluctuating asymmetry: An epigenetic measure of stress
    • Parsons, P. A. 1990. Fluctuating asymmetry: an epigenetic measure of stress. Biol. Rev. 65:131-145.
    • (1990) Biol. Rev. , vol.65 , pp. 131-145
    • Parsons, P.A.1
  • 55
    • 0028984074 scopus 로고
    • Stress and limits to adaptation: Sexual ornaments
    • _. 1995. Stress and limits to adaptation: sexual ornaments. J. Evol. Biol. 8:455-461.
    • (1995) J. Evol. Biol. , vol.8 , pp. 455-461
  • 56
    • 0002801078 scopus 로고
    • Male size and mating success in Drosophila melanogaster and D. pseudoobscura under field conditions
    • Partridge, L., A. A. Hoffmann, and J. S. Jones. 1987. Male size and mating success in Drosophila melanogaster and D. pseudoobscura under field conditions. Anim. Behav. 35:468-476.
    • (1987) Anim. Behav. , vol.35 , pp. 468-476
    • Partridge, L.1    Hoffmann, A.A.2    Jones, J.S.3
  • 57
    • 41049117373 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Harm to females increases with male body size in Drosophila melanogaster
    • Pitnick, S., and F. Garcia-Gonzalez. 2002. Harm to females increases with male body size in Drosophila melanogaster. Proc. R. Soc. London B 269:1821-1828.
    • (2002) Proc. R. Soc. London B , vol.269 , pp. 1821-1828
    • Pitnick, S.1    Garcia-Gonzalez, F.2
  • 58
    • 0030620328 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ectoparasitism in mothers causes higher positional fluctuating asymmetry in their sons: Implications for sexual selection
    • Polak, M. 1997. Ectoparasitism in mothers causes higher positional fluctuating asymmetry in their sons: Implications for sexual selection. Am. Nat. 149:955-974.
    • (1997) Am. Nat. , vol.149 , pp. 955-974
    • Polak, M.1
  • 59
    • 0034913558 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The quantitative genetics of fluctuating asymmetry
    • Polak, M., and W. T. Starmer. 2001. The quantitative genetics of fluctuating asymmetry. Evolution 55:498-511.
    • (2001) Evolution , vol.55 , pp. 498-511
    • Polak, M.1    Starmer, W.T.2
  • 60
    • 1842423376 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sexual selection for size and symmetry in a diversifying secondary sexual trait in Drosophila bipectinata Duda (Diptera: Drosophilidae)
    • Polak, M., W. T. Starmer, and L. L. Wolf. 2004. Sexual selection for size and symmetry in a diversifying secondary sexual trait in Drosophila bipectinata Duda (Diptera: Drosophilidae). Evolution 58:597-607.
    • (2004) Evolution , vol.58 , pp. 597-607
    • Polak, M.1    Starmer, W.T.2    Wolf, L.L.3
  • 61
    • 0032574716 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Runaway ornament diversity caused by Fisherian sexual selection
    • Pomiankowski, A., and Y. Iwasa. 1998. Runaway ornament diversity caused by Fisherian sexual selection. Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. USA 95:5106-5111.
    • (1998) Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. USA , vol.95 , pp. 5106-5111
    • Pomiankowski, A.1    Iwasa, Y.2
  • 63
    • 0026268898 scopus 로고
    • On the low repeatability of life-history traits
    • Price, T., and D. Schluter. 1991. On the low repeatability of life-history traits. Evolution 45:853-861.
    • (1991) Evolution , vol.45 , pp. 853-861
    • Price, T.1    Schluter, D.2
  • 64
    • 0032693525 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Genotype-by-environment interactions in the determination of the size of a secondary sexual character in the collared flycatcher (Fidecula albicollis)
    • Qvarnström, A. 1999. Genotype-by-environment interactions in the determination of the size of a secondary sexual character in the collared flycatcher (Fidecula albicollis). Evolution 53:1564-1572.
    • (1999) Evolution , vol.53 , pp. 1564-1572
    • Qvarnström, A.1
  • 65
    • 0027122253 scopus 로고
    • Swallows and scorpionflies find symmetry is beautiful
    • Ridley, M. 1992. Swallows and scorpionflies find symmetry is beautiful. Science 257:327-328.
    • (1992) Science , vol.257 , pp. 327-328
    • Ridley, M.1
  • 66
    • 0030808752 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Size-dependent asymmetry: Fluctuating asymmetry versus antisymmetry and its relevance to condition-dependent signaling
    • Rowe, L., R. R. Repasky, and A. R. Palmer. 1997. Size-dependent asymmetry: fluctuating asymmetry versus antisymmetry and its relevance to condition-dependent signaling. Evolution 51:1401-1408.
    • (1997) Evolution , vol.51 , pp. 1401-1408
    • Rowe, L.1    Repasky, R.R.2    Palmer, A.R.3
  • 67
    • 0004282518 scopus 로고
    • SAS Institute, Cary, NC
    • SAS Institute. 1990. SAS User's Guide. Ver. 6. SAS Institute, Cary, NC.
    • (1990) SAS User's Guide. Ver. 6
  • 68
    • 0036909551 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The statistics of detecting positional fluctuating asymmetry
    • Starmer, W. T., M. Patten, and M. Polak. 2002. The statistics of detecting positional fluctuating asymmetry. Biol. J. Linn. Soc. 77:491-498.
    • (2002) Biol. J. Linn. Soc. , vol.77 , pp. 491-498
    • Starmer, W.T.1    Patten, M.2    Polak, M.3
  • 69
    • 0001239659 scopus 로고
    • The evolutionary significance of phenotypic plasticity
    • Stearns, S. C. 1989. The evolutionary significance of phenotypic plasticity. BioScience 39:436-445.
    • (1989) BioScience , vol.39 , pp. 436-445
    • Stearns, S.C.1
  • 70
    • 0012869172 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Fluctuating asymmetry and sexual selection: Paradigm shifts, publication bias, and observer expectation
    • M. Polak, ed. Oxford Univ. Press, New York
    • Tomkins, J. L., and L. W. Simmons. 2003. Fluctuating asymmetry and sexual selection: paradigm shifts, publication bias, and observer expectation. Pp. 231-261 in M. Polak, ed. Developmental instability: causes and consequences. Oxford Univ. Press, New York.
    • (2003) Developmental Instability: Causes and Consequences , pp. 231-261
    • Tomkins, J.L.1    Simmons, L.W.2
  • 71
    • 15944386204 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Developmental instability and animal communication: Fluctuating asymmetry as a signal and as an influence on the signaling process
    • M. Polak, ed. Oxford Univ. Press, New York
    • Uetz, G. W., and P. W. Taylor. 2003 Developmental instability and animal communication: fluctuating asymmetry as a signal and as an influence on the signaling process. Pp. 213-261 in M. Polak, ed. Developmental instability: causes and consequences. Oxford Univ. Press, New York.
    • (2003) Developmental Instability: Causes and Consequences , pp. 213-261
    • Uetz, G.W.1    Taylor, P.W.2
  • 72
    • 0001752931 scopus 로고
    • A study of fluctuating asymmetry
    • Van Valen, L. 1962. A study of fluctuating asymmetry. Evolution 16:125-142.
    • (1962) Evolution , vol.16 , pp. 125-142
    • Van Valen, L.1
  • 74
    • 0028181669 scopus 로고
    • Fluctuating asymmetry and sexual selection
    • Watson, P. J., and R. Thornhill. 1994. Fluctuating asymmetry and sexual selection. Trends Ecol. Evol. 9:21-25.
    • (1994) Trends Ecol. Evol. , vol.9 , pp. 21-25
    • Watson, P.J.1    Thornhill, R.2


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.