Earthquake rate, slip rate, and the effective seismic thickness for oceanic transform faults of the Juan de Fuca plate system

Geophysical Journal International

Volumn 160, Issue 3, 2005, Pages 855-868

  Willoughby, Ele C ^a   Hyndman, R D ^a,b  

^a Geological Survey of Canada Sidney   (Canada)

^b UNIVERSITY OF VICTORIA   (Canada)

Author keywords

Deformation; Explorer; Juan de Fuca; Oceanic crust; Seismicity; Transform faults

Indexed keywords

EARTHQUAKE; FAULT SLIP; OCEANIC CRUST; SEISMIC MOMENT; TRANSFORM FAULT;

EID: 15944383762     PISSN: 0956540X     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-246X.2005.02523.x     Document Type: Article

References (51)

1. Abercrombie, R.E. & Ekstöm, G., 2001. Earthquake slip on oceanic transform faults, Nature, 410, 74-77, doi:10.1038/35065064.
2. Anderson, J.G., 1979. Estimating the seismicity from geological structure for seismic risk studies, Bull. seism. Soc. Am., 69, 135-158.
3. Anderson, J.G. & Luco, J.E., 1983. Consequences of slip rate constraints on earthquake occurrence relations, Bull. seism. Soc. Am., 73, 471-496.
4. Au, D. & Clowes, R.M., 1982. Crustal structure from an OBS survey of the Nootka fault zone off western Canada, Geophys. J. R. astr. Soc., 68, 27-47.
5. Au, D. & Clowes, R.M., 1984. Shear-wave velocity structure of the oceanic lithosphere from ocean bottom seismometer studies, Geophys. J. R. astr. Soc., 77, 105-123.
6. Aumento, F. & Loubat, H., 1971. The Mid-Atlantic Ridge near 45°N, XVI, serpentinized ultramafic intrusions, Can. J. Earth Sci., 8, 631-663.
7. Botros, M. & Johnson, P., 1988. Tectonic evolution of the Explorer-northern Juan de Fuca region from 8 Ma to the present, J. geophys. Res., 93(B9), 10 421-10 437.
8. Braunmiller, J., 1998. Seismotectonics of the Explorer region and of the Blanco Transform Fault Zone, PhD thesis, Oregon State University.
9. Braunmiller, J. & Náblěk, J., 2002. Seismotectonics of the Explorer region, J. geophys. Res., 107(B10), 2208, doi:10.1029/2001JB000220.
10. Boettcher, M. & Jordan, T.H., 2001. Seismic behaviour of oceanic transform faults, EOS, Trans. Am. geophys. Un., Fall Meeting Supplement, 82(47), abstract S32E-07.
11. Boettcher, M. & Jordan, T.H., 2004. Earthquake scaling relations for mid-ocean ridge transform faults, J. geophys. Res., 109(B12302), doi:1029/2004JB003110.
12. Cannat, M., Bideau, D. & Bougault, H., 1992. Serpentinized peridotites and gabbros in the Mid Atlantic Ridge axial valley at 15°37′N and 16°52′N. Earth planet. Sci. Lett., 109, 87-106.
13. Carbotte, S.M., Dixon, J.M., Farrar, E., Davis, E.E. & Riddihough, R.P., 1989. Geological and geophysical characteristics of the Tuzo Wilson seamounts: implications for the plate geometry in the vicinity of the Pacific-North America-Explorer triple junction, Can. J. Earth Sci. 26, 2365-2384.
14. Cronin, V.S. & Sverdrup, K.A., 2003. Multiple-event relocation of historic earthquakes along Blanco Transform Fault Zone, NE Pacific, Geophys. Res. Lett., 30(19), 2001, doi:10.1029/ 2003GL018086.
15. Davis, E.E. & Riddihough, R.P., 1982. The Winona Basin: structure and tectonics, Can. J. Earth Sci., 19, 767-788.
16. Dziak, R.P., Fox, C.G. & Embley, R.W, 1991. Relationship between the seismicity and geologic structure of the Blanco Transform Fault Zone, Mar. Geophys. Res., 13, 203-208.
17. Dziak, R.P., Fox, C.G., Embley, R.W., Náběk, J.L., Braunmiller, J. & Koski, R.A., 2000. Recent tectonics of the Blanco Ridge, eastern Blanco transform fault zone, Mar. Geophys. Res., 21, 423-450.
18. Embley, R.W. & Wilson, D.S., 1992. Morphology of the Blanco Transform Fault Zone-NE Pacific: implications for its tectonic evolution, Mar. Geophys. Res., 14, 25-45.
19. Field, E.H., Jackson, D.D. & Dolan, J.F., 1999. A mutually consistent seismic-hazard source model for southern California, Bull. seism. Soc. Am., 89, 559-578.
20. Golden, C.E., Webb, S.C. & Sohn, R.A., 2003. Hydrothermal micro-earthquake swarms beneath active vents at Middle Valley, northern Juan de Fuca Ridge, J. geophys. Res., 108(B51), doi:10.1029/2001JB000226.
21. Govers, R. & Meijer, P.T., 2001. On the dynamics of the Juan de Fuca plate, Earth planet. Sci. Lett., 189, 115-131.
22. Hyndman, R.D. & Peacock, S.M., 2003. Serpentinization of the forearc mantle, Earth plantet. Sci. Lett., 212, 417-432.
23. Hyndman, R.D. & Rogers, G.C., 1981. Seismicity surveys with ocean bottom seismographs off western Canada, J. geophys. Res., 86(B5), 3867-3880.
24. Hyndman, R.D. & Weichert, D.H., 1983. Seismicity and rates of relative motion on the plate boundaries of Western North America, Geophys. J.R. astr. Soc., 72, 59-82.
25. Hyndman, R.D., Riddihough, R.P. & Herzer, R., 1979. The Nootka Fault Zone-a new plate boundary off western Canada, Geophys. J. R. astr. Soc., 58, 667-683.
26. Hyndman, R.D., Mazotti, S., Weichert, D. & Rogers, G.C., 2003. Frequency of large crustal earthquakes in Puget Sound Southern Georgia Strait predicted from geodetic and geologic deformation rates, J. geophys. Res., 108(B1), 2033, doi:10.1029/2001JB001710.
27. International Seismological Centre, 2003. On-line Bulletin, (http://www. isc.ac.uk/Bull), International Seismic Centre, Thatcham, UK.
28. Kreemer, C., Govers, R., Furlong, K.P. & Holt, W.E., 1998. Plate boundary deformation between the Pacific and North America in the Explorer region, Tectonophysics, 293, 225-238.
29. Lonsdale, P., 1986. Tectonic and magmatic ridges in the Eltanin fault System, South Pacific, Mar. Geophys. Res., 8, 203-242.
30. Marone, C. & Scholz, C., 1988. The depth of seismic faulting and the upper transition from stable sliding to unstable slip regimes, Geophys. Res. Lett., 15, 621-624.
31. Mazzotti, S., Dragert, H., Henton, J., Schmidt, M., Hyndman, R.D., James, T., Lu, Y. & Craymer, M., 2003a. Current tectonics of Northern Cascadia from a decade of GPS measurements, J. geophys. Res., 108(B12), 2554, doi:10.1029/2003JB00265.
32. Mazzotti, S. & Adams, J., 2005. Rates and uncertainties on Seismic moment and deformation rates in Eastern Canada, J. geophys. Res., submitted.
33. National Earthquake Information Center, 2003. Preliminary Determination of Epicenters Catalog, November 2003.
34. Reinen, L.A., Weeks, J.D. & Tullis, T.E., 1991. The frictional behavior of serpentinite: implications for aseismic creep on shallow crustal faults, Geophys. Res. Lett., 18(10), 1921-1924.
35. Riddihough, R.P., 1977. A model for recent plate interactions off Canada's west coast, Can. J. Earth Sci., 14, 384-396.
36. Riddihough, R., 1980. Gorda plate motions from magnetic anomaly analysis, Earth planet. Sci. Lett., 51, 163-170.
37. Riddihough, R., 1984. Recent movements of the Juan de Fuca plate system, J. geophys. Res., 89, 6980-6994.
38. Ristau, J., Rogers, G.C. & Cassidy, J., 2003. Moment magnitude-local magnitude calibration for earthquakes off Canada's west coast, Bull. seism. Soc. Am., 93, 2296-2300.
39. Rohr, K.M.M. & Furlong, K.P., 1995. Ephemeral plate tectonics at the Queen Charlotte triple junction, Geology, 23, 1035-1038.
40. Silver, E.A., 1971. Tectonics of the Mendocino triple junction, Geol. Soc. Am. Bull., 82, 2965-2978.
41. Smith, S.W. & Knapp, J.S., 1993. Seismicity of the Gorda Plate, structure of the continental margin, and an eastward jump of the Mendocino triple junction, J. geophys. Res., 98, 8153-8171.
42. Stoddard, P.R., 1987. A kinematic model for the evolution of the Gorda plate, J. geophys. Res., 92, 11 524-11 532.
43. Thompson, G. & Melson, W.G., 1972. The petrology of oceanic crust across fracture zones in the Atlantic Ocean: evidence of a new kind of sea-floor spreading., J. Geol., 80, 526-538.
44. Tréhu, A. & Solomon, S.C., 1983. Earthquakes in the Orozco Transform Zone: seismicity, source mechanisms, and tectonics, J. geophys. Res. 88, 8203-8225.
45. Wahlström, R. & Rogers, G.C., 1992. Relocation of earthquakes west of Vancouver Island, British Columbia, 1965-1983., Can. J. Earth Sci. 29, 953-961.
46. Weichert, D.H., 1980. Estimation of the earthquake recurrence parameters for unequal observation periods for different magnitudes, Bull. seism. Soc. Am., 70, 1337-1346.
47. Wells, D.L. & Coppersmith, K.J., 1994. New empirical relationships among magnitude, rupture length, rupture width, rupture area, and surface displacement, Bull. seism. Soc. Am., 84, 974-1002.
48. Wessel, P. & Smith, W.H.F., 1998. New, improved version of Generic Mapping Tools released, EOS, Trans. Am. geophys. Un., 79 47), 579.
49. Wilcock, W.S.D., Archer, S.D., Almendros, J. & Purdy, G.M., 1999. Microearthquakes on the Endeavour segment of the Juan de Fuca Ridge, J. geophys. Res., 107(B12), doi:10.1029/2001JB000505.
50. Wilson, D.S., 1989. Deformation of the so-called Gorda Plate, J. geophys. Res., 94, 3065-3075.
51. Wilson, D.S., 1993. Confidence intervals for motion and deformation of the Juan de Fuca plate, J. geophys. Res., 98, 16 053-16 071.