Postnatal euphoria: Are 'the highs' an indicator of bipolarity?

Bipolar Disorders

Volumn 7, Issue 2, 2005, Pages 103-110

  Heron, Jessica ^a   Craddock, Nick ^b   Jones, Ian ^b  

^a UNIVERSITY OF BIRMINGHAM   (United Kingdom)

^b CARDIFF UNIVERSITY   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

Postnatal depression; Postnatal euphoria; Postpartum depression; Puerperal psychosis; The highs

Indexed keywords

ADULT; BIPOLAR DISORDER; DISEASE SEVERITY; EUPHORIA; EXPERIENCE; FEMALE; HUMAN; HYPOMANIA; MANIA; MATERNAL DISEASE; MEDICAL LITERATURE; MEDICAL RESEARCH; MOOD DISORDER; PATHOPHYSIOLOGY; PREDICTION; PRIORITY JOURNAL; PUERPERAL DEPRESSION; PUERPERAL PSYCHOSIS; PUERPERIUM; REVIEW; SLEEP DISORDER;

BIPOLAR DISORDER; EUPHORIA; FEMALE; HUMANS; POSTPARTUM PERIOD; PREGNANCY; PUERPERAL DISORDERS; RISK FACTORS; SLEEP DISORDERS;

EID: 15944366855     PISSN: 13985647     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1111/j.1399-5618.2005.00185.x     Document Type: Review

References (44)

1. Glover V, Liddle P, Taylor A et al. Mild hypomania (the highs) can be a feature of the first postpartum week. Association with later depression. Br J Psychiatry 1994; 164: 517-521.
2. Beck CT. Maternity blues research: a critical review. Issues Ment Health Nurs 1991; 12: 291-300.
3. Cox JL, Connor Y, Kendell RE. Prospective study of the psychiatric disorders of childbirth. Br J Psychiatry 1982; 140: 111-117.
4. Nagata M, Nagai Y, Sobajima H et al. Maternity blues and attachment to children in mothers of full-term normal infants. Acta Psychiatr Scand 2000; 101: 209-217.
5. O'Hara MW, Neunaber DJ, Zekoski EM, Prospective study of postpartum depression: prevalence, course, and predictive factors. J Abnorm Psychol 1984; 93: 158-171.
6. CEMD. Why Mothers Die 1997-1999. The Fifth Report of the Confidential Enquires into Maternal Deaths in the United Kingdom. UK: RCOG Press, 2001. http://www. cemach.org.uk/publications.htm (accessed 7 February 2005).
7. Murray L, Hipwell A, Hooper R et al. The cognitive development of 5-year-old children of postnatally depressed mothers. J Child Psychol Psychiatry 1996; 37: 927-935.
8. Kendell RE, Chalmers JC, Platz C. Epidemiology of puerperal psychosis. Br J Psychiatry 1987; 150: 662-673.
9. Attia E, Downey J, Oberman M. Postpartum psychoses. In: Miller LJ, ed. Postpartum Mood Disorders. London, UK: American Psychiatric Press, Inc., 1999: 99-117.
10. Jones I, Craddock N. Do puerperal psychotic episodes identify a more familial subtype of bipolar disorder? Results of a family history study. Psychiatr Genet 2002; 12: 177-180.
11. Robin A. The psychological changes of normal parturition. Psychiatr Q 1962; 36: 129-150.
12. Stein GS. The pattern of mental change and body weight change in the first post-partum week. J Psychosom Res 1980; 24: 165-171.
13. Leifer M. Psychological changes accompanying pregnancy and motherhood. Genet Psychol Monogr 1977; 95: 55-96.
14. Miller L, Rukstalis M. Beyond 'the blues'. In: Miller LJ, ed. Postpartum Mood Disorders. London: American Psychiatric Press, Inc., 1999: 3-19.
15. Brudal LF. Fodselens Psykologi. Oslo: Ashehoug, 1983: 135.
16. Brockington I. Motherhood and Mental Health. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1996.
17. Ballinger CB, Kay DS, Naylor GJ et al. Some biochemical findings during pregnancy and after delivery in relation to mood change. Psychol Med 1982; 12: 549-556.
18. Handley SL, Dunn TL, Baker JM et al. Mood changes in puerperium, and plasma tryptophan and cortisol concentrations. Br Med J 1977; 2: 18-20.
19. Kennerley H, Gath D. Maternity blues. I. Detection and measurement by questionnaire. Br J Psychiatry 1989; 155: 356-362.
20. Asberg M, Schalling D. Construction of a new psychiatric rating instrument, the Comprehensive Psychopathological Rating Scale (CPRS). Prog Neuropsychopharmacol 1979; 3: 405-412.
21. Lane A, Keville R, Morris M et al. Postnatal depression and elation among mothers and their partners: prevalence and predictors. Br J Psychiatry 1997; 171: 550-555.
22. Faravelli C, Incerpi G. Epidemiology of affective disorders in Florence. Preliminary results. Acta Psychiatr Scand 1985; 72: 331-333.
23. Judd L, Akiskal H. The prevalence and disability of bipolar spectrum disorders in the US population: re-analysis of the ECA database taking into account subthreshold cases. J Affect Disord 2003; 73: 123-131.
24. Kendell RE, McGuire RJ, Connor Y et al. Mood changes in the first three weeks after childbirth. J Affect Disord 1981; 3: 317-326.
25. Kendell RE, Mackenzie WE, West C et al. Day-to-day mood changes after childbirth: further data. Br J Psychiatry 1984; 145: 620-625.
26. Hapgood CC, Elkind GS, Wright JJ. Maternity blues: phenomena and relationship to later post partum depression. Aust N Z J Psychiatry 1988; 22: 299-306.
27. Cox J, Holden J, Sagovsky R. Detection of postnatal depression: development of the 10-item Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale. B J Psychiatry 1987; 150: 782-786.
28. Viguera A, Nonacs R, Cohen L et al. Risk of recurrence of bipolar disorder in pregnant and nonpregnant women after discontinuing lithium maintenance. Am J Psychiatry 2000; 157: 179-184.
29. Dean C, Kendell RE. The symptomatology of puerperal illnesses. Br J Psychiatry 1981; 139: 128-133.
30. Hannah P, Cody D, Glover V et al. The tyramine test is not a marker for postnatal depression: early postpartum euphoria may be. J Psychosom Obstet Gynaecol 1993; 14: 295-304.
31. Brinsmead M, Smith R, Singh B et al. Peripartum concentrations of beta endorphin and cortisol and maternal mood states. Aust N Z J Obstet Gynaecol 1985; 25: 194-197.
32. Murray L, Cooper P. Postpartum Depression and Child Development. New York: The Guildford Press, 1997.
33. Hipwell AE, Goossens FA, Melhuish EC et al. Severe maternal psychopathology and infant-mother attachment. Dev Psychopathol 2000; 12: 157-175.
34. Fisher J, Astbury J, Smith A. Adverse psychological impact of operative obstetric interventions: a prospective longitudinal study. Aust N Z J Psychiatry 1997; 31: 728-738.
35. Swain A, O'Hara M, Starr K et al. A prospective study of sleep, mood, and cognitive function in postpartum and nonpostpartum women. Obstet Gynecol 1997; 90: 381-386.
36. Sharma V, Mazmanian D. Sleep loss and postpartum psychosis. Bipolar Disord 2003; 5: 98-105.
37. Taylor A, Littlewood J, Adams D et al. Serum cortisol levels are related to moods of elation and dysphoria in new mothers. Psychiatry Res 1994; 54: 241-247.
38. Taylor A, Dore C, Glover V. Urinary phenylethylamine and cortisol levels in the early puerperium. J Affect Disord 1996; 37: 137-142.
39. Handley SL, Dunn TL, Waldron G et al. Tryptophan, cortisol and puerperal mood. Br J Psychiatry 1980; 136: 498-508.
40. Harris B, Oretti, R, Lazarus J et al. Randomised trial of thyroxine to prevent postnatal depression in thyroid-antibody-positive women. Br J Psychiatry 2002; 180: 327-330.
41. Hantouche E, Angst J, Akiskal H. Factor structure of hypomania: interrelationships with cyclothymia and the soft bipolar spectrum. J Affect Disord 2003; 73: 39-47.
42. Jones I, Craddock N. Familiality of the puerperal trigger in bipolar disorder: results of a family study. Am J Psychiatry 2001; 158: 913-917.
43. Coyle N, Jones I, Robertson E et al. Variation at the serotonin transporter gene influences susceptibility to bipolar affective puerperal psychosis. Lancet 2000; 356: 1490-1491.
44. Mezzacappa ES, Katlin ES. Breast-feeding is associated with reduced perceived stress and negative mood in mothers. Health Psychol 2002; 21: 187-193.