Social skill in self-assertive strategies of toddlers with depressed and nondepressed mothers

Journal of Genetic Psychology

Volumn 166, Issue 1, 2005, Pages 94-116

  Dietz, Laura J ^a   Jennings, Kay Donahue ^a   Abrew, Amy J ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF PITTSBURGH SCHOOL OF MEDICINE   (United States)

Author keywords

Maternal depression; Self assertion; Toddlers

Indexed keywords

EID: 15844392539     PISSN: 00221325     EISSN: 19400896     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.3200/GNTP.166.1.94-116     Document Type: Article

References (60)

1. American Psychiatric Association. (1994). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (4th ed.). Washington, DC: Author.
2. Bandura, A. (1997). Self-efficacy: The exercise of control. New York: Freeman.
3. Bayley, N. (1993). Bayley Scales of Infant Development (2nd ed.). San Antonio, TX: Psychological Corporation.
4. Brandtstadter, J. (1999). The self in action and development: Cultural, biosocial, and ontogenetic bases of intentional self-development. In J. Brandtstadter & R. M. Lerner (Eds.), Action & Self-development: Theory and research through the life span (pp. 37-65). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
5. Bullock, M., & Lutkenhaus, P. (1988). The development of volitional behavior in the toddler years. Child Development, 59, 664-674.
6. Bullock, M., & Lutkenhaus, P. (1990). Who am I? Self-understanding in toddlers. Merrill-Palmer Quarterly, 36, 217-238.
7. Campbell, S. B., Cohn, J. F., & Meyers, T. (1995). Depression in first-time mothers: Mother-infant interaction and depression chronicity. Developmental Psychology, 31, 349-357.
8. Campbell, S. B., Pierce, E. W., Moore, G., Marakovitz, S., & Newby, K. (1996). Boys' externalizing problems at elementary school: Pathways from early behavior problems, maternal control, and family stress. Development & Psychopathology, 8, 701-720.
9. Campbell, S. B., Shaw, D. S., & Gilliom, M. (2000). Early externalizing behavior problems: Toddlers and preschoolers at risk for later maladjustment. Development & Psychopathology, 12, 467-488.
10. Cicchetti, D., & Toth, S. L. (1995). Developmental psychopathology and disorders of affect. In D. Cicchetti & D. J. Cohen (Eds.), Developmental Psychopathology: Vol. 2. Risk, disorder, and adaptation (pp. 317-349). New York: Wiley.
11. Cohn, J. F., & Campbell, S. B. (1992). Influence of maternal depression on infant affect regulation. In D. Cicchetti & S. Toth (Eds.), Rochester symposium in developmental psychopathology: Vol. 4. Developmental perspectives on depression (pp. 103-130). Rochester, NY: University of Rochester Press.
12. Cohn, J. F., Campbell, S. B., Matias, R., & Hopkins, J. (1990). Face-to-face interactions of postpartum depressed and nondepressed mother-infant pairs at 2 months. Developmental Psychology, 26, 15-23.
13. Cole, P. M. (1986). Children's spontaneous expressive control of facial expression. Child Development, 57, 1309-1321.
14. Crockenberg, S., & Litman, C. (1990). Autonomy as competence in 2-year-olds: Maternal correlates of child defiance, compliance, and self-assertion. Developmental Psychology, 26, 961-971.
15. Dietz, L. J., & Jennings, K. D. (April, 2001). Developmental change and stability in young toddlers' self-assertive strategies and social competence in noncompliance. Poster presented at the Society for Research in Child Development, Minneapolis, MN.
16. Dix, T., Reinhold, D. P., & Zambarano, R. J. (1990). Mothers' judgments in moments of anger. Merrill-Palmer Quarterly, 36, 465-486.
17. Downy, G., & Coyne, J. C. (1990). Children of depressed parents: An integrated interview. Psychological Bulletin, 108, 50-76.
18. Field, T. (1992). Infants of depressed mothers. Development and Psychopathology, 4, 49-66.
19. Field, T. (1995). Infants of depressed mothers. Infant Behavior and Development, 18, 1-13.
20. First, M. B., Gibbon, M., Spitzer, R. L., & Williams, J. B. W. (October, 1995). User's guide for the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV Axis I Disorders. Biometrics Research Department, New York State Psychiatric Institute.
21. Flavell, J. H., & Wohlwill, J. F. (1969). Formal and functional aspects of cognitive development. In D. Elkin & J. H. Flavell (Eds.), Studies in cognitive development: Essays in honor of Jean Piaget (pp. 67-120). New York: Oxford University Press.
22. Geppert, U., & Kuster, U. (1983). The emergence of 'wanting-to-do-it-oneself': A precursor of achievement motivation. International Journal of Behavioral Development, 6, 355-369.
23. Goodman, S. H., Adamson, L. B., Riniti, J., & Cole, S. (1994). Mothers' expressed attitudes: Associations with maternal depression and children's self-esteem and psychopathology. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 33, 1265-1274.
24. Goodman, S. H., & Gotlib, I. H. (1999). Risk for psychopathology in the children of depressed mothers: A developmental model of understanding mechanisms of transmission. Psychological Review, 106, 458-490.
25. Henderson, E. N., & Jennings, K. D. (2003). Maternal depression and the ability to facilitate joint attention with 18-month-olds. Infancy, 4(1), 27-46.
26. Hollingshead, A. B. (1975). Four factor index of social status. Department of Sociology, Yale University, New Haven, CT.
27. Hossain, Z., Field, T., Pickens, J., Gonzalez, J., Malphurs, J., & Delvalle, C. (1994). Infants of 'depressed' mothers interact better with their nondepressed fathers. Infant Mental Health Journal, 15, 348-357.
28. Jacob, T., & Johnson, S. L. (1997). Parent-child interaction among depressed fathers and mothers: Impact on child functioning. Journal of Family Psychology, 11, 391-409.
29. Jennings, K. D. (May, 1992). Development of mastery motivation and sense of agency in toddlers. Poster presented at the International Conference of Infant Studies, Miami Beach, FL.
30. Jennings, K. D. (1993). Mastery motivation and the formation of self-concept from infancy through early childhood. In D. Messer (Ed.), Mastery Motivation in Early Childhood (pp. 36-54). London: Routledge.
31. Jennings, K. D., & Dietz, L. J. (2002). Mastery motivation and goal persistence in young children. In M. Borenstein (Ed.), Well-being: Positive development across the lifespan. New York: Erlbaum.
32. Kagan, J. (1981). The second year: The emergence of self-awareness. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
33. Kagan, J. (1998). Is there a self in infancy? In M. Ferrari & R. J. Sternberg (Eds.), Selfawareness: Its nature and development. (pp. 137-147). New York: Guilford Press.
34. Kelley, S. A., & Jennings, K. D. (2003). Putting the pieces together: Maternal depression, maternal behavior, and toddler helplessness. Infant Mental Health Journal, 24(1), 74-90.
35. Kochanska, G. (1997). Mutually responsive orientation between mothers and their young children: Implications for early socialization. Child Development, 68, 94-112.
36. Kochanska, G., & Aksan, N. (1995). Mother-child mutually positive affect, the quality of child compliance to requests and prohibitions, and maternal control as correlates of early internalization. Child Development, 66, 236-254.
37. Kochanska, G., & Kuczynski, L. (1991). Maternal autonomy granting: Predictors of normal and depressed mothers' compliance and noncompliance with the requests of fiveyear-olds. Child Development, 62, 1449-1459.
38. Kochanska, G., Kuczynski, L., Radke-Yarrow, M., & Darby Welsh, J. (1987). Resolutions of control episodes between well and affectively ill mothers and their young children. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 15, 441-456.
39. Kortlander, E., Kendall, P. C., & Panichelli-Mindel, S. M. (1997). Maternal expectations and attributions about coping in anxious children. Journal of Anxiety Disorders, 11, 297-315.
40. Kopp, C. (1982). Antecedents of self-regulation: A developmental perspective. Developmental Psychology, 18, 199-214.
41. Kuczynski, L. (1984). Socialization goals and mother-child interaction: Strategies for long-term and short-term compliance. Developmental Psychology, 20, 1061-1073.
42. Kuczynski, L., & Kochanska, G. (1990). Development of children's noncompliance strategies from toddlerhood to age 5. Developmental Psychology, 26, 398-408.
43. Kuczynski, L., Kochanska, G., Radke-Yarrow, M., & Girnius-Brown, O. (1987). A developmental interpretation of young children's noncompliance. Developmental Psychology, 23, 799-806.
44. Lyons-Ruth, K., Zoll, D., Connell, D., & Grunebaum, H. U. (1986). The depressed mother and her 1-year-old infant: Environment, interaction, attachment, and infant development. New Directions for Child Development, 34, 61-82.
45. Maccoby, E. E., & Martin, J. A. (1983). Socialization in the context of the family: Parent-child interaction. In P. H. Mussen (Series Ed.) & E. M. Hetherington (Vol. Ed.), Handbook of child psychology: Vol. 4. Socialization, personality, and social development (4th ed., pp. 1-101). New York: Wiley.
46. Matas, L., Arend, R. A., & Sroufe, L. A. (1978). Continuity of adaptation in the second year: The relationship between quality of attachment and later competence. Child Development, 49, 547-556.
47. Patterson, G. R. (1982). Coercive family process. Eugene, OR: Castilia.
48. Pettit, G., Bates, J., & Dodge, K. (1997). Supportive parenting, ecological context, and children's adjustment: A 7-year longitudinal study. Child Development, 68, 908-923.
49. Power, T. G., McGrath, M. P., Hughes, S. O., & Manire, S. H. (1994). Compliance and self-assertion: Young children's responses to mothers versus fathers. Developmental Psychology, 30, 980-989.
50. Roggman, L. A. (April, 1989). Age differences in the goals of toddler play. Poster presented at the Society for Research in Child Development, Kansas City, MO.
51. Schneider-Rosen, K., & Wenz-Gross, M. (1990). Patterns of compliance from 18 to 30 months of age. Child Development, 61, 104-112.
52. Shaw, D. S., & Bell, R. Q. (1993). Developmental theories of parental contributors to antisocial behavior. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 21, 493-518.
53. Shaw, D. S., Keenan, K., & Vondra, J. I. (1994). Developmental precursors of externalizing behavior: Ages 1 to 3. Developmental Psychology, 30, 355-364.
54. Stuart, S., O'Hara, M. W., & Gorman, L. L. (2003). The prevention and psychotherapeutic treatment of postpartum depression. Archives of Women's Mental Health, 6(2), S57-69.
55. Teti, D. M., & Gelfand, D. M. (1991). Maternal competence and characteristics of mother, infant, and environment: The mediational role of maternal self-efficacy. Child Development, 62, 918-929.
56. Vaughn, B., Kopp, C., & Krakow, J. (1984). The emergence and consolidation of self-control from eighteen to thirty months of age: Normative trends and individual differences. Child Development, 55, 990-1104.
57. Wisner, K. L., Perel, J. M., Peindl, K. S., Hanusa, B. H., Piontek, C. M., & Findling, R. L. (2004). Prevention of postpartum depression: A pilot randomized clinical trial. American Journal of Psychiatry, 161, 1290-1292.
58. Zahn-Waxler, C., Cummings, E. M., Iannotti, R. J., & Radke-Yarrow, M. (1984). Young offspring of depressed parents: A population at risk for affective problems. New Directions for Child Development, 26, 81-105.
59. Zahn-Waxler, C., Cummings, E. M., McKnew, D. H., & Radke-Yarrow, M. (1984). Altruism, aggression, and social interactions in young children with a manic-depressive parent. Child Development, 55, 112-122.
60. Zahn-Waxler, C., Iannotti, R. J., Cummings, E. M., & Denham, S. (1990). Antecedents of problem behaviors in children of depressed mothers. Development & Psychopathology, 2, 271-291.