메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 60, Issue 4, 2005, Pages 261-269

Fecal incontinence in women: A review of evaluation and management

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

CITRACEL; CITRATE CALCIUM; DIPHENOXYLATE; ISPAGULA; LOPERAMIDE;

EID: 15744406035     PISSN: 00297828     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1097/01.ogx.0000158500.19908.9f     Document Type: Review
Times cited : (2)

References (62)
  • 1
    • 0030027699 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Epidemiology of fecal incontinence: The silent affliction
    • Johanson JF, Lafferty J. Epidemiology of fecal incontinence: the silent affliction. Am J Gastroenterol 1996;91:33-36.
    • (1996) Am J Gastroenterol , vol.91 , pp. 33-36
    • Johanson, J.F.1    Lafferty, J.2
  • 2
    • 0027185528 scopus 로고
    • US householder survey of functional gastroeneterologic disorders
    • Drossman DA, Li Z, Andruzzi E, et al. US householder survey of functional gastroeneterologic disorders. Dig Dis Sci 1993; 38:1569-1580.
    • (1993) Dig Dis Sci , vol.38 , pp. 1569-1580
    • Drossman, D.A.1    Li, Z.2    Andruzzi, E.3
  • 3
    • 0242380699 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prevalence of urinary and fecal incontinence and symptoms of genital prolapse in women
    • Eva UF, Gun W, Preben K. Prevalence of urinary and fecal incontinence and symptoms of genital prolapse in women. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand 2003;82:280-286.
    • (2003) Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand , vol.82 , pp. 280-286
    • Eva, U.F.1    Gun, W.2    Preben, K.3
  • 4
    • 0022483024 scopus 로고
    • Faecal incontinence in residential homes for the elderly: Prevalence, aetiology and management
    • Tobin GW, Brocklehurst JC. Faecal incontinence in residential homes for the elderly: prevalence, aetiology and management. Age Ageing 1986;15:41-46.
    • (1986) Age Ageing , vol.15 , pp. 41-46
    • Tobin, G.W.1    Brocklehurst, J.C.2
  • 5
    • 0003131121 scopus 로고
    • The elderly in residential care: Patterns of disability
    • Clarke M. Hughes AO, Dodd KJ, et al. The elderly in residential care: patterns of disability. Health Trends 1979;11:17-20.
    • (1979) Health Trends , vol.11 , pp. 17-20
    • Clarke, M.1    Hughes, A.O.2    Dodd, K.J.3
  • 6
    • 0029091733 scopus 로고
    • Community-based prevalence of anal incontinence
    • Nelson R, Norton N, Cautley E, et al. Community-based prevalence of anal incontinence. JAMA 1995;274:559-561.
    • (1995) JAMA , vol.274 , pp. 559-561
    • Nelson, R.1    Norton, N.2    Cautley, E.3
  • 7
    • 0027396713 scopus 로고
    • Etiology and management of fecal incontinence
    • Jorge JM, Wexner SD. Etiology and management of fecal incontinence. Dis Colon Rectum 1993;36:77-97.
    • (1993) Dis Colon Rectum , vol.36 , pp. 77-97
    • Jorge, J.M.1    Wexner, S.D.2
  • 8
    • 4444384341 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Diagnosis and management of fecal incontinence
    • Rao SSC. Diagnosis and management of fecal incontinence. Am J Gastroenterol 2004;99:1585-1604.
    • (2004) Am J Gastroenterol , vol.99 , pp. 1585-1604
    • Rao, S.S.C.1
  • 9
    • 0034152152 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Fecal incontinence: A clinical approach
    • Cooper ZR, Rose S. Fecal incontinence: a clinical approach. Mt Sinai J Med 2000;67:96-105.
    • (2000) Mt Sinai J Med , vol.67 , pp. 96-105
    • Cooper, Z.R.1    Rose, S.2
  • 10
    • 0036177393 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A practical guide to the diagnosis and management of fecal incontinence
    • Rudolph W, Galandiuk S. A practical guide to the diagnosis and management of fecal incontinence. Mayo Clin Proc 2002; 77:271-275.
    • (2002) Mayo Clin Proc , vol.77 , pp. 271-275
    • Rudolph, W.1    Galandiuk, S.2
  • 11
    • 0034883844 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Obstetric practice and faecal incontinence three months after delivery
    • MacArthur C, Glazener CM, Wilson PD, et al. Obstetric practice and faecal incontinence three months after delivery. BJOG 2001;108:678-683.
    • (2001) BJOG , vol.108 , pp. 678-683
    • MacArthur, C.1    Glazener, C.M.2    Wilson, P.D.3
  • 12
    • 0034620298 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Midline episiotomy and anal incontinence: Retrospective cohort study
    • 200
    • Signorello LB, Harlow BL, Chekos AK, et al. Midline episiotomy and anal incontinence: retrospective cohort study. BMJ 200;320:86-90.
    • BMJ , vol.320 , pp. 86-90
    • Signorello, L.B.1    Harlow, B.L.2    Chekos, A.K.3
  • 13
    • 0034854446 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Anal sphincter damage after vaginal delivery: Functional outcome and risk factors for fecal incontinence
    • DeLeeuw JW, Vierhout ME, Struijk PC, et al. Anal sphincter damage after vaginal delivery: functional outcome and risk factors for fecal incontinence. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand 2001;80:830-834.
    • (2001) Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand , vol.80 , pp. 830-834
    • Deleeuw, J.W.1    Vierhout, M.E.2    Struijk, P.C.3
  • 14
    • 0033646372 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Birth trauma: Short and long term effects of forceps delivery compared with spontaneous delivery on various pelvic floor parameters
    • Meyer S, Hohlfeld P, Achtari C, et al. Birth trauma: short and long term effects of forceps delivery compared with spontaneous delivery on various pelvic floor parameters. BJOG 2000;107:1360-1365.
    • (2000) BJOG , vol.107 , pp. 1360-1365
    • Meyer, S.1    Hohlfeld, P.2    Achtari, C.3
  • 15
    • 0028001208 scopus 로고
    • Anal incontinence and the obstetrician-gynecologist
    • Toglia MR, DeLancey JOL. Anal incontinence and the obstetrician- gynecologist. Obstet Gynecol 1994;84:731-740.
    • (1994) Obstet Gynecol , vol.84 , pp. 731-740
    • Toglia, M.R.1    DeLancey, J.O.L.2
  • 16
    • 0034030855 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Are sphincter defects the cause of anal incontinence after vaginal delivery? Results of a prospective study
    • Abramowitz L, Sobhani I, Ganansia R, et al. Are sphincter defects the cause of anal incontinence after vaginal delivery? Results of a prospective study. Dis Colon Rectum 2000;43: 590-596.
    • (2000) Dis Colon Rectum , vol.43 , pp. 590-596
    • Abramowitz, L.1    Sobhani, I.2    Ganansia, R.3
  • 17
    • 0036172477 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Anal incontinence after childbirth
    • Eason E, Labrecque M, Marcoux S, et al. Anal incontinence after childbirth. CMAJ 2002;166:326-336.
    • (2002) CMAJ , vol.166 , pp. 326-336
    • Eason, E.1    Labrecque, M.2    Marcoux, S.3
  • 18
    • 0033820317 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Anal incontinence in women with third or fourth degree perineal tears and subsequent vaginal deliveries
    • Sangalli MR, Floris L, Faltin D, et al. Anal incontinence in women with third or fourth degree perineal tears and subsequent vaginal deliveries. Aust N Z J Obstet Gynaecol 2000; 40:244-248.
    • (2000) Aust N Z J Obstet Gynaecol , vol.40 , pp. 244-248
    • Sangalli, M.R.1    Floris, L.2    Faltin, D.3
  • 19
    • 0034894105 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Does a second delivery increase the risk of anal incontinence?
    • Faltin DL, Sangalli MR, Roche B, et al. Does a second delivery increase the risk of anal incontinence? BJOG 2001;108:684-688.
    • (2001) BJOG , vol.108 , pp. 684-688
    • Faltin, D.L.1    Sangalli, M.R.2    Roche, B.3
  • 20
    • 0036032456 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Anal sphincter injury during vaginal delivery-an argument for cesarean on request?
    • Faridi A, Willis S, Schelzig P, et al. Anal sphincter injury during vaginal delivery-an argument for cesarean on request? J Perinat Med 2002;30:379-387.
    • (2002) J Perinat Med , vol.30 , pp. 379-387
    • Faridi, A.1    Willis, S.2    Schelzig, P.3
  • 21
    • 0347381246 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Elective cesarean delivery for women with a previous anal sphincter rupture
    • McKenna DS, Ester JB, Fischer JR. Elective cesarean delivery for women with a previous anal sphincter rupture. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2003;189:1251-1256.
    • (2003) Am J Obstet Gynecol , vol.189 , pp. 1251-1256
    • McKenna, D.S.1    Ester, J.B.2    Fischer, J.R.3
  • 22
    • 0035213008 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Fecal incontinence after minor anorectal surgery
    • Zbar AP, Beer-Gabel M, Chiappa AC, et al. Fecal incontinence after minor anorectal surgery. Dis Colon Rectum 2001;44: 1610-1619.
    • (2001) Dis Colon Rectum , vol.44 , pp. 1610-1619
    • Zbar, A.P.1    Beer-Gabel, M.2    Chiappa, A.C.3
  • 23
    • 0030850583 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Gastrointestinal transit and prolonged ambulatory colonic motility in health and faecal incontinence
    • Herbst F, Kamm MA, Morris GP, et al. Gastrointestinal transit and prolonged ambulatory colonic motility in health and faecal incontinence. Gut 1997;41:381-389.
    • (1997) Gut , vol.41 , pp. 381-389
    • Herbst, F.1    Kamm, M.A.2    Morris, G.P.3
  • 24
    • 0022403881 scopus 로고
    • Anorectal function in elderly patients with fecal impaction
    • Read NW, Abouzekry L, Read MG, et al. Anorectal function in elderly patients with fecal impaction. Gastroenterology 1985; 89:959-966.
    • (1985) Gastroenterology , vol.89 , pp. 959-966
    • Read, N.W.1    Abouzekry, L.2    Read, M.G.3
  • 25
    • 0020367136 scopus 로고
    • Pathogenesis of fecal incontinence in diabetes mellitus: Evidence for internal-anal-sphincter dysfunction
    • Schiller LR, Santa Ana CA, Schulmen AC, et al. Pathogenesis of fecal incontinence in diabetes mellitus: Evidence for internal-anal-sphincter dysfunction. N Engl J Med 1982;307:1666-1671.
    • (1982) N Engl J Med , vol.307 , pp. 1666-1671
    • Schiller, L.R.1    Santa Ana, C.A.2    Schulmen, A.C.3
  • 26
    • 0026008133 scopus 로고
    • Anorectal sensory and motor function in neurogenic fecal incontinence
    • Caruana BJ, Wald A, Hinds JP, et al. Anorectal sensory and motor function In neurogenic fecal incontinence. Gastroenterology 1991;100:465-470.
    • (1991) Gastroenterology , vol.100 , pp. 465-470
    • Caruana, B.J.1    Wald, A.2    Hinds, J.P.3
  • 27
    • 0023635765 scopus 로고
    • Anorectal sensitivity and responses to rectal distention in patients with ulcerative colitis
    • Rao SSC, Read NW, Davison P, et al. Anorectal sensitivity and responses to rectal distention in patients with ulcerative colitis. Gastroenterology 1987;93:1020-1026.
    • (1987) Gastroenterology , vol.93 , pp. 1020-1026
    • Rao, S.S.C.1    Read, N.W.2    Davison, P.3
  • 28
    • 0030693956 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Fecal incontinence in scleroderma. Clinical features, anorectal manometric findings and their therapeutic implications
    • Jaffin BW, Chang P, Spiera H. Fecal incontinence in scleroderma. Clinical features, anorectal manometric findings and their therapeutic implications. J Clin Gastroenterol 1997;25: 513-517.
    • (1997) J Clin Gastroenterol , vol.25 , pp. 513-517
    • Jaffin, B.W.1    Chang, P.2    Spiera, H.3
  • 30
    • 0029841709 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Can biofeedback therapy improve anorectal function in fecal incontinence?
    • Rao SSC, Happel J, Welcher K. Can biofeedback therapy improve anorectal function in fecal incontinence? Am J Gastroenterol 1996;91:2360-2366.
    • (1996) Am J Gastroenterol , vol.91 , pp. 2360-2366
    • Rao, S.S.C.1    Happel, J.2    Welcher, K.3
  • 31
    • 0030917650 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Manometric evaluation of defecation disorders, part II: Fecal incontinence
    • Rao SSC. Manometric evaluation of defecation disorders, part II: fecal incontinence. Gastroenterologist 1997;5:99-111.
    • (1997) Gastroenterologist , vol.5 , pp. 99-111
    • Rao, S.S.C.1
  • 32
    • 0033018608 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Manometric tests of anorectal function in healthy humans
    • Rao SSC, Hatfield R, Leistikow J, et al. Manometric tests of anorectal function in healthy humans. Am J Gastroenterol 1999;94:773-783.
    • (1999) Am J Gastroenterol , vol.94 , pp. 773-783
    • Rao, S.S.C.1    Hatfield, R.2    Leistikow, J.3
  • 33
    • 0033877137 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Fecal incontinence: A practical approach to evaluation and treatment
    • Soffer EE, Hull T. Fecal incontinence: a practical approach to evaluation and treatment. Am J Gastroenterol 2000;95:1873-1880.
    • (2000) Am J Gastroenterol , vol.95 , pp. 1873-1880
    • Soffer, E.E.1    Hull, T.2
  • 34
    • 0031912397 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Successful overlapping anal sphincter repair: Relationship to patient age, neuropathy, and colostomy formation
    • Young CJ, Mathur MN, Eyers AA, et al. Successful overlapping anal sphincter repair: Relationship to patient age, neuropathy, and colostomy formation. Dis Colon Rectum 1998; 41:344-349.
    • (1998) Dis Colon Rectum , vol.41 , pp. 344-349
    • Young, C.J.1    Mathur, M.N.2    Eyers, A.A.3
  • 35
    • 0032768866 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Fecal incontinence: Endoanal US versus endoanal MR imaging
    • Rociu E, Stoker J, Eijkemans MJ, et al. Fecal incontinence: endoanal US versus endoanal MR imaging. Radiology 1999; 212:453-458.
    • (1999) Radiology , vol.212 , pp. 453-458
    • Rociu, E.1    Stoker, J.2    Eijkemans, M.J.3
  • 36
    • 0031677582 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pudendal nerve neuropathy is predictive of failure following anterior sphincteroplasty
    • Gilliland R, Altomare DF, Moreira H, et al. Pudendal nerve neuropathy is predictive of failure following anterior sphincteroplasty. Dis Colon Rectum 1998;41:1516-1522.
    • (1998) Dis Colon Rectum , vol.41 , pp. 1516-1522
    • Gilliland, R.1    Altomare, D.F.2    Moreira, H.3
  • 37
    • 0035014779 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The relationship of pudendal nerve terminal motor latency to squeeze pressure in patients with idiopathic fecal incontinence
    • Suilleabhain CB, Horgan AF, McEnroe L. The relationship of pudendal nerve terminal motor latency to squeeze pressure in patients with idiopathic fecal incontinence. Dis Colon Rectum 2001;44:666-671.
    • (2001) Dis Colon Rectum , vol.44 , pp. 666-671
    • Suilleabhain, C.B.1    Horgan, A.F.2    McEnroe, L.3
  • 39
    • 0031012416 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of loperamide oxide on gastrointestinal transit time and anorectal function in patients with chronic diarrhea and faecal incontinence
    • Sun WM, Read NW, Verlinden M. Effects of loperamide oxide on gastrointestinal transit time and anorectal function in patients with chronic diarrhea and faecal incontinence. Scand J Gastroenterol 1997;32:34-38.
    • (1997) Scand J Gastroenterol , vol.32 , pp. 34-38
    • Sun, W.M.1    Read, N.W.2    Verlinden, M.3
  • 40
    • 0028574819 scopus 로고
    • Loperamide improves anal sphincter function and continence after restorative protocolectomy
    • Hallgren T, Fasth S, Delbro DS, et al. Loperamide improves anal sphincter function and continence after restorative protocolectomy. Dig Dis Sci 1994;39:2612-2618.
    • (1994) Dig Dis Sci , vol.39 , pp. 2612-2618
    • Hallgren, T.1    Fasth, S.2    Delbro, D.S.3
  • 41
    • 0018891047 scopus 로고
    • Acute effect of diphenoxylate with atropine (Lomotil) in patients with chronic diarrhea and fecal incontinence
    • Harford WV, Krejs GJ, Santa Ana CA, et al. Acute effect of diphenoxylate with atropine (Lomotil) in patients with chronic diarrhea and fecal incontinence. Gastroenterology 1980;78: 440-443.
    • (1980) Gastroenterology , vol.78 , pp. 440-443
    • Harford, W.V.1    Krejs, G.J.2    Santa Ana, C.A.3
  • 43
    • 0038315482 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Randomized, controlled trial of biofeedback with anal manometry, transanal ultrasound, or pelvic floor retraining with digital guidance alone in the treatment of mild to moderate fecal incontinence
    • Solomon MJ, Pager CK, Rex J, et al. Randomized, controlled trial of biofeedback with anal manometry, transanal ultrasound, or pelvic floor retraining with digital guidance alone in the treatment of mild to moderate fecal incontinence. Dis Colon Rectum 2003;46:703-710.
    • (2003) Dis Colon Rectum , vol.46 , pp. 703-710
    • Solomon, M.J.1    Pager, C.K.2    Rex, J.3
  • 44
    • 0026002995 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sphincter repair without overlapping for fecal incontinence
    • Arnaud A, Sarles JC, Sielezneff I, et al. Sphincter repair without overlapping for fecal incontinence. Dis Colon Rectum 1996;34:744-747.
    • (1996) Dis Colon Rectum , vol.34 , pp. 744-747
    • Arnaud, A.1    Sarles, J.C.2    Sielezneff, I.3
  • 45
    • 4444274088 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Biofeedback treatment for functional anorectal disorders: A comprehensive efficacy review
    • Palsson OS, Heyman S, Whitehead WE. Biofeedback treatment for functional anorectal disorders: a comprehensive efficacy review. Appl Psychophysiol Biofeedback 2004;29:153-174.
    • (2004) Appl Psychophysiol Biofeedback , vol.29 , pp. 153-174
    • Palsson, O.S.1    Heyman, S.2    Whitehead, W.E.3
  • 46
    • 0025081705 scopus 로고
    • Treatment of urinary and faecal incontinence by surgically implanted devices
    • Brindley GS. Treatment of urinary and faecal incontinence by surgically implanted devices. Ciba Foundation Symp 1990; 151:267-274.
    • (1990) Ciba Foundation Symp , vol.151 , pp. 267-274
    • Brindley, G.S.1
  • 47
    • 1042275340 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Penile and clitoral stimulation for faecal incontinence: External application of a bipolar electrode for patients with faecal incontinence
    • Frizelle FA, Gearry RB, Johnston M, et al. Penile and clitoral stimulation for faecal incontinence: external application of a bipolar electrode for patients with faecal incontinence. Colorectal Dis 2004;6:54-57.
    • (2004) Colorectal Dis , vol.6 , pp. 54-57
    • Frizelle, F.A.1    Gearry, R.B.2    Johnston, M.3
  • 48
    • 0033209728 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Endoanal MR imaging of the anal sphincter in fecal incontinence
    • Rociu E, Stoker J, Zwamborn AW. Endoanal MR imaging of the anal sphincter in fecal incontinence. Radiographics 1999; 19:S171-S177.
    • (1999) Radiographics , vol.19
    • Rociu, E.1    Stoker, J.2    Zwamborn, A.W.3
  • 49
    • 2342650142 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Long-term results of anterior sphincteroplasty
    • Gutierrez B, Madoff RD, Lowry AC, et al. Long-term results of anterior sphincteroplasty. Dis Colon Rectum 2004;47:727-731.
    • (2004) Dis Colon Rectum , vol.47 , pp. 727-731
    • Gutierrez, B.1    Madoff, R.D.2    Lowry, A.C.3
  • 50
    • 0036208416 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Long-term outcome of overlapping anal sphincter repair
    • Halverson AL, Hull TL. Long-term outcome of overlapping anal sphincter repair. Dis Colon Rectum 2002;45:345-348.
    • (2002) Dis Colon Rectum , vol.45 , pp. 345-348
    • Halverson, A.L.1    Hull, T.L.2
  • 51
    • 0038315476 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Long-term follow-up of dynamic graciloplasty for fecal incontinence
    • Rongen MJ, Uludag O, El Naggar K, et al. Long-term follow-up of dynamic graciloplasty for fecal incontinence. Dis Colon Rectum 2003;46:716-721.
    • (2003) Dis Colon Rectum , vol.46 , pp. 716-721
    • Rongen, M.J.1    Uludag, O.2    El Naggar, K.3
  • 52
    • 8844265303 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Long-term follow-up of dynamic graciloplasty for faecal incontinence
    • Thornton MJ, Kennedy ML, Lubowski DZ, et al. Long-term follow-up of dynamic graciloplasty for faecal incontinence. Colorectal Dis 2004;6:470-476.
    • (2004) Colorectal Dis , vol.6 , pp. 470-476
    • Thornton, M.J.1    Kennedy, M.L.2    Lubowski, D.Z.3
  • 53
    • 0037640001 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Artificial bowel sphincter: Long-term experience at a single institution
    • Parker SC, Spencer MP, Madoff RD, et al. Artificial bowel sphincter: long-term experience at a single institution. Dis Colon Rectum 2003;46:722-729.
    • (2003) Dis Colon Rectum , vol.46 , pp. 722-729
    • Parker, S.C.1    Spencer, M.P.2    Madoff, R.D.3
  • 54
    • 0036066263 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Medium-term results of permanent sacral nerve stimulation for faecal incontinence
    • Kenefick NJ, Vaizey CJ, Cohen RC, et al. Medium-term results of permanent sacral nerve stimulation for faecal incontinence. Br J Surg 2002;89:896-901.
    • (2002) Br J Surg , vol.89 , pp. 896-901
    • Kenefick, N.J.1    Vaizey, C.J.2    Cohen, R.C.3
  • 55
    • 0035144135 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Chronic sacral spinal nerve stimulation for fecal incontinence: Long-term results with foramen and cuff electrodes
    • Matzel KE, Stadelmaier U, Hohenfellner M, et al. Chronic sacral spinal nerve stimulation for fecal incontinence: long-term results with foramen and cuff electrodes. Dis Colon Rectum 2001;44:59-66.
    • (2001) Dis Colon Rectum , vol.44 , pp. 59-66
    • Matzel, K.E.1    Stadelmaier, U.2    Hohenfellner, M.3
  • 56
    • 0034982473 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of sacral nerve stimulation in patients with faecal and urinary incontinence
    • Leroi AM, Michot F, Grise P, et al. Effect of sacral nerve stimulation in patients with faecal and urinary incontinence. Dis Colon Rectum 2001;44:779-789.
    • (2001) Dis Colon Rectum , vol.44 , pp. 779-789
    • Leroi, A.M.1    Michot, F.2    Grise, P.3
  • 57
    • 0347992836 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Surgical treatment options for fecal incontinence
    • Madoff RD. Surgical treatment options for fecal incontinence. Gastroenterology 2004;126:348-354.
    • (2004) Gastroenterology , vol.126 , pp. 348-354
    • Madoff, R.D.1
  • 58
    • 4444345355 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sacral neuro-modulation in patients with fecal incontinence: A single-center study
    • Uludag O, Koch SM, van Gemert WG, et al. Sacral neuro-modulation in patients with fecal incontinence: a single-center study. Dis Colon Rectum 2004;47:1350-1357.
    • (2004) Dis Colon Rectum , vol.47 , pp. 1350-1357
    • Uludag, O.1    Koch, S.M.2    Van Gemert, W.G.3
  • 59
    • 0034837554 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sacral nerve stimulation as a treatment for fecal incontinence
    • Rosen HR, Urbarz C, Holzer B, et al. Sacral nerve stimulation as a treatment for fecal incontinence. Gastroenterology 2001; 121:536-541.
    • (2001) Gastroenterology , vol.121 , pp. 536-541
    • Rosen, H.R.1    Urbarz, C.2    Holzer, B.3
  • 60
    • 18444384793 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Radiofrequency energy delivery to the anal canal for the treatment of fecal incontinence
    • Takahashi T, Garcia-Osogobio S, Valdovinos MA, et al. Radiofrequency energy delivery to the anal canal for the treatment of fecal incontinence. Dis Colon Rectum 2002;45:915-922.
    • (2002) Dis Colon Rectum , vol.45 , pp. 915-922
    • Takahashi, T.1    Garcia-Osogobio, S.2    Valdovinos, M.A.3
  • 61
    • 0037978068 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Extended two-year results of radio-frequency energy delivery for the treatment of fecal incontinence (the Secca procedure)
    • Takahashi T, Garcia-Osogobio S, Valdovinos MA, et al. Extended two-year results of radio-frequency energy delivery for the treatment of fecal incontinence (the Secca procedure). Dis Colon Rectum 2003;46:711-715.
    • (2003) Dis Colon Rectum , vol.46 , pp. 711-715
    • Takahashi, T.1    Garcia-Osogobio, S.2    Valdovinos, M.A.3


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.