The relationships of national gender equality and organizational support with work-family balance: A study of European managers

Human Relations

Volumn 58, Issue 1, 2005, Pages 33-60

  Lyness, Karen S ^a   Kropf, Marcia Brumit ^b  

^a CITY UNIVERSITY OF NEW YORK   (United States)

^b Girls Incorporated

Author keywords

Culture; Family; Gender; Work life balance

Indexed keywords

EID: 15544362751     PISSN: 00187267     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1177/0018726705050934     Document Type: Article

References (47)

1. Acker, J. Hierarchies, jobs, bodies: A theory of gendered organizations. Gender and Society, 1990, 4, 139-58.
2. Baruch, Y. Response rate in academic studies - A comparative analysis. Human Relations, 1999, 52, 421-38.
3. Björnberg, U. Equality and backlash: Family, gender, and social policy in Sweden. In L.L. Haas, P. Hwang & G. Russell (Eds), Organizational change and gender equity: International perspectives on fathers and mothers at the workplace. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage, 2000, pp. 57-75.
4. Brannen, J. & Lewis, S. Workplace programmes and policies in the United Kingdom. In L.L. Haas, P. Hwang & G. Russell (Eds), Organizational change and gender equity: International perspectives on fathers and mothers at the workplace. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage, 2000, pp. 99-115.
5. Catalyst & Opportunity Now. Breaking the barriers: Women in senior management in the UK. London: Opportunity Now, 2000.
6. Catalyst & The Conference Board. Women in leadership: A European business imperative. New York: Catalyst & The Conference Board, 2002.
7. Council of the European Union. Council Resolution on the 1999 Employment Guidelines. Available [accessed 22 December 2002]: http://europa.eu.int/comm/ employment_social/ empl&esf/empl99/guide_en.htm
8. Den Dulk, L. Organizational responses to work-family issues in Europe: A cross-national comparison. Paper presented at the 17th annual conference of the Society for Industrial and Organizational Psychology, Inc., Toronto, Canada, 2002.
9. Dreher, G.F. Breaking the glass ceiling: The effects of sex ratios and work-life programs on female leadership at the top. Human Relations, 2003, 56, 541-62.
10. Emrich, C.G., Denmark, F.L. & den Hartog, D.N. Cross-cultural differences in gender egalitarianism: Implications for societies, organizations, and leaders. In R.J. House, P.J. Hanges, M. Javidan, P.W. Dorfman & V. Gupta (Eds), Culture, leadership, and organizations: The GLOBE study of 62 societies. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage, 2004, pp. 343-94.
11. Esping-Andersen, G. Social foundations of postindustrial economies. New York: Oxford University Press, 1999.
12. Fahy, J. Improving response rates in cross-cultural mail surveys. Industrial Marketing Management, 1998, 27, 459-67.
13. Galinsky, E. The family friendly employer: Examples from Europe. New York: Families and Work Institute, 1992.
14. Galinsky, E. & Bond, T. The 1998 business work-life study: A sourcebook. New York: Families and Work Institute, 1998.
15. Glezer, H. & Wolcott, I. Conflicting commitments: Working mothers and fathers in Australia. In L.L. Haas, P. Hwang & G. Russell (Eds), Organizational change and gender equity: International perspectives on fathers and mothers at the workplace. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage, 2000, pp. 43-56.
16. Goetschy, J. The European employment strategy: Genesis and development. European Journal of Industrial Relations, 1999, 5, 117-37.
17. Gutek, B.A., Searle, S. & Klepa, L. Rational versus gender role explanations for work-family conflict. Journal of Applied Psychology, 1991, 76, 560-8.
18. Haas, L. Parental leave and gender equality: Lessons from the European Union. Review of Policy Research, 2003, 20, 89-114.
19. Haas, L.L. & Hwang, P. Programs and policies promoting women's economic equality and men's sharing of child care in Sweden. In L.L. Haas, P. Hwang & G. Russell (Eds), Organizational change and gender equity: International perspectives on fathers and mothers at the workplace. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage, 2000, pp. 133-61.
20. Haas, L.L., Hwang, P. & Russell, G. (Eds). Organizational change and gender equity: International perspectives on fathers and mothers at the workplace. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage, 2000.
21. Harzing, A.W. Cross-national industrial mail surveys: Why do response rates differ between countries? Industrial Marketing Management, 2000, 29, 243-54.
22. Hill, E.J., Hawkins, A.J., Ferris, M. & Weitzman, M. Finding an extra day a week: The positive influence of perceived job flexibility on work and family life balance. Family Relations: Interdisciplinary Journal of Applied family Studies, 2001, 50, 49-58.
23. Hofstede, G. Culture's consequences: International differences in work-related values, Vol. 5. Newbury Park, CA: Sage, 1980.
24. Hofstede, G. Cultures and organizations: Software of the mind. New York: McGraw-Hill, 1991.
25. Hoyle, R.H. & Panter, A.T. Writing about structural equation models. In R.H. Hoyle (Ed.), Structural equation modeling: Concepts, issues, and applications. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage, 1995, pp. 158-76.
26. James, L.R. & Williams, L.J. The cross-level operator in regression, ANCOVA, and contextual analysis. In K.J. Klein & S.W.J. Kozlowski (Eds), Multilevel theory, research, and methods in organizations: foundations, extensions, and new directions. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass, 2000, pp. 382-424.
27. Judiesch, M.K. & Lyness, K.S. Left behind? The impact of leaves of absence on managers' career success. Academy of Management Journal, 1999, 42, 641-51.
28. Kline, R.B. Principles and practice of structural equation modeling. New York: Guilford Press, 1998.
29. Kropf, M.B. Flexibility initiatives: Current approaches and effective strategies. 'Women in Management Review, 1999, 14, 177-85.
30. Kropf, M.B. Part-time work arrangements and the corporation: A dynamic interaction. In R. Hertz & N.L. Marshall (Eds), Working families: The transformation of the American home. Berkeley: University of California Press, 2001, pp. 152-67.
31. Lewis, S. & Smithson, J. Sense of entitlement to support for the reconciliation of employment and family life. Human Relations, 2001, 54, 1455-81.
32. Linehan, M. & Walsh, J.S. Work-family conflict and the senior female international manager. British Journal of Management, 2000, 11, S49-S58.
33. Lyness, K.S. & Thompson, D.E. Above the glass ceiling? A comparison of matched samples of female and male executives. Journal of Applied Psychology, 1997, 82, 359-75.
34. Marks, S.R. & MacDermid, S.M. Multiple roles and the self: A theory of role balance. Journal of Marriage and the Family, 1996, 58, 417-32.
35. Milliken, F.J., Dutton, J.E. & Beyer, J.M. Understanding organizational adaptation to change: The case of work-family issues. Human Resource Planning, 1990, 13, 91-107.
36. Milliken, F.J., Martins, L.L. Sc Morgan, H. Explaining organizational responsiveness to work-family issues: The role of human resource executives as issue interpreters. Academy of Management Journal, 1998, 41, 580-92.
37. Mitchell, O.S. Work and family benefits. In F.D. Blau & R.G. Ehrenberg (Eds), Gender and family issues in the workplace. New York: Russell Sage Foundation, 1997, pp. 269-76.
38. Oliver, E.G. & Cravens, K.S. Cultural influences on managerial choice: An empirical study of employee benefit plans in the United States. Journal of International Business Studies, 1999, 30, 745-62.
39. Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD). Balancing work and family life: Helping parents into paid employment. OECD Employment Outlook, 2001, June, 129-66.
40. Papalexandris, N. & Kramar, R. Flexible working patterns: Towards reconciliation of family and work. Employee Relations, 1997, 19, 581-95.
41. Plantenga, J. & Hansen, J. Assessing equal opportunities in the European Union. International Labour Review, 1999, 338, 351-79.
42. Pugh, S.D. Service with a smile: Emotional contagion in the service encounter. Academy of Management Journal, 2001, 44, 1018-27.
43. Tausig, M. & Fenwick, R. Unbinding time: Alternate work schedules and work-life balance. Journal of Family and Economic Issues, 2001, 22, 101-19.
44. Thompson, C.A., Beauvais, L.L. Sc Lyness, K.S. When work-family benefits are not enough: The influence of work-family culture on benefit utilization, organizational attachment, and work-family conflict. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 1999, 54, 392-415.
45. United Nations Development Programme. Human development report 2001: Making new technologies work for human development. New York: Oxford University Press, 2001.
46. Wharton, A.S. & Blair-Loy, M. The 'overtime culture' in a global corporation: A cross-national study of finance professionals' interest in working part-time. Work and Occupations, 2002, 29, 32-63.
47. Yuen, E.C. & Kee, H.T. Headquarters, host-culture and organizational influences on HRM policies and practices. Management International Review, 1993, 33, 361-83.