Biomaterials in tissue engineering

Bio/Technology

Volumn 13, Issue 6, 1995, Pages 565-576

  Hubbell, Jeffrey A ^a  

^a CALIFORNIA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 15444373353     PISSN: 0733222X     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1038/nbt0695-565     Document Type: Review

References (120)

1. Langer, R. and Vacanti, J. P. 1993. Tissue engineering. Science 260:920-926.
2. Peppas, N. A. and Langer, R. 1994. Challenges in biomaterials. Science 263:1715-1720.
3. Andrade, J. D. and Hlady, V. 1986. Protein adsorption and materials biocom-patibility: a tutorial review and suggested hypotheses. Adv. Polym. Sci. 79:1-63.
4. Norde, W. 1994. Protein adsorption at solid surfaces: a thermodynamic approach. Pure Appl. Chem. 66:491-496.
5. Buck, C. and Horwitz, A. R 1987. Cell surface receptors for extracellular matrix molecules. Annu. Rev. Cell Biol. 3:179-205.
6. Singer, I.I., Kawka, D. W., Scott, S., Mumford, R. A. and Lark, M. W. 1987. The fibornectin cell attachment sequence Arg-Gly-Asp-Ser promotes folcal contact formation during early fibroblast attachment and spreading. J. Cell Biol. 104:573-584.
7. Juliano, R. L. and Haskill, S. 1993. Signal transduction from the extracellular matrix. J. Cell Biol. 120:577-585.
8. Singer, I. I., Scott, S., Kawka, D. W., Kazazis, D. M., Gailit, J. and Ruoslahti, F. 1988. Cell surface distribution of fibronectin and vitronectin receptors depends on substrate composition and extracellular matrix accumulation. J. Cell Biol. 106:2171-2182.
9. Mosher, D. F. 1993. Assembly of fibronectin into extracellular matrix. Curr. Opin. Struct. Biol. 3:214-222.
10. Hynes, R. O. 1992. Integrins: versatility, modulation and signaling in cell adhesion. Cell 69:11-25.
11. Yamada, K. M. 1991. Adhesive recognition sequences. J. Biol. Chem. 266:12809-12812.
12. Humphries, M. J. 1990. The molecular basis and specificity of integrin-ligand interactions. J. Cell Sci. 97:585-592.
13. Graf, J., Ogle, R. C, Robey, F. A., Sasaki, M., Martin, G. R., Yamada, Y. and Kleinman, H. K. 1987. A pentapeptide from the laminin B1 chain that mediates cell adhesion and binds the 67000 laminin receptor. Biochemistry 26:6896-6900.
14. Mecham, R. P. 1991. Laminin receptors. Annu. Rev. Cell Biol. 7:71-91.
15. Ruoslahti, E. and Pierschbacher, M. 1986. Tetrapeptides useful in surgery and therapeutic reconstruction and treatment of injuries. U.S. Patent 4, 578-79.
16. Massia, S. P. and Hubbell, J. A. 1990. Covalently grafted RGD- and YIGSR-containing synthetic peptides support receptor-mediated adhesion of cultured fibroblasts. Anal. Biochem. 187:292-301.
17. Massia, S. P. and Hubbell, J. A. 1991. An RGD spacing of 440 nm is sufficient tor integrin avßrmediated fibroblast spreading and 140 nm for focal contact and stress fiber formation. J. Cell Biol. 114:1089-1100.
18. Massia, S. P., Rao, S. S. and Hubbell, J. A. 1993. Covalently immobilized laminin peptide Tyr-Ile-Gly-Ser-Arg (YIGSR) supports cell spreading and co-localization of the 67-kilodalton laminin receptor with a-actinin and vinculin. J. Biol. Chem. 268:8053-8059.
19. DiMilla, P. A., Stone, J. A., Quinn, J. A., Albelda, S. M. and Lauffenberger, D. A. 1993. Maximal migration of human smooth muscle cells on fibronectin and type IV collagen occurs at an intermediate attachment strength. J. Cell Biol. 122:729-737.
20. Kygourakis, K., Bizioz, R. and Markenscoff, P. 1991. Proliferation of anchorage-dependent contact-inhibited cells, I: development of theo-retical models based on cellular automata. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 38:459-470.
21. Zygourakis, K., Markenscoff, P. and Bizios, R. 1991. Proliferation of anchorage-dependent contact-inhibited cells, 2: experimental results and validation of the theoretical models. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 38:471-479.
22. Ward, M. D. and Hammer, D. A. 1993. A theoretical analysis for the effect of focal contact formation on cell-substrate attachment strength. Biophys. J. 64:936-959.
23. Lin, H.-B., Zhao, Z. C, Garcia-Echevcrria, C, Rich, D. H. and Cooper, S. L. 1992. Synthesis of a novel polyurethane copolymer containing covalently attached RGD peptide. J. Biomater. Sci., Polym. Ed. 3:217-227.
24. Clapper, D. I., Kirkham, S. M. and Guire, P. F. 1994. CM proteins coupled to device surfaces improve in vivo tissue integration. J. Cell. Biochem. Supplement 18C:283.
25. Guire, P. E. 1993. Biocompatible device with covalently bonded biocompati¬ble agent. U.S. Patent 5,263,992.
26. Hubbell, J. A., Massia, S. P., Dosai, N. P. and Drumheller, P. D. 1991. Endothelial cell-selective materials for tissue engineering in the vascular graft via a new receptor. Bio/Technology 9:568-572.
27. 1. J. Biol. Chem. 267:14019-14026.
28. Chaikof, E. L., Merrill, E. W., Coleman, J. F., Ramberg, K., Connoti, R. J. and Callow, A. D. 1990. Platelet interactions with poly(cthylene oxide) networks. AIChE J. 36:994-1001.
29. Drumheller, P. D. and Hubbell, J. A. 1994. Polymer networks with grafted cell adhesive peptides for highly biospecific cell adhesive substrates. Anal. Biochem. 222:380-388.
30. Jackson, R. L., Busch, S. J. and Cardin, A. D. 1991. Glycosaminoglycans: molecular properties, protein interactions, and role in physiological processes. Physiol. Rev. 71:481-539.
31. LeBaron, R. G., Esko, J. D., Woods, A., Johansson, S. and Höök, M. 1988. Adhesion of glycosaminoglycan-deficient Chinese hamster ovary cell mutants to fibronectin subslrata. J. Cell Biol. 106:945-952.
32. Massia, S. P. and Hubbell, J. A. 1992. Immobilized amines and basic amino acids as mimetic heparin-binding domains for cell surface proteoglycan-medi-ated adhesion. J. Biol. Chem. 267:10133-10141.
33. Geffen, I. and Spiess, M. 1992. Asialoglyeoprotein receptor. Int. Rev. Cytol. 137B:181-219.
34. Gutsche, A. T., Parsons-Wingerter, P., Chand, D., Saltzman, W. M. and Leong, K. W. 1994. N-acetylglucosamine and adenosine derivatized surfaces for cell culture: 3T3 fibroblast and chicken hepatocyte response. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 43:801-809.
35. Kobayashi, K., Kobayashi, A. and Akaike, T. 1994. Culturing hepatocytes on lactose-carrying polystyrene layer via asialoglyeoprotein receptor-mediated interactions. Meth. Enzymol. 247:409-418.
36. Kobayashi, A., Kobayashi, K. and Akaike, T. 1992. Control of adhesion and detachment of parenchymal liver cells using lactose-carrying polystyrene as substratum. J. Biomat. Sci, Polym. Ed. 3:499-508.
37. Lasky, L. A. 1992. Sclectins: interpreters of cell-specific carbohydrate information during inflammation. Science 258:964-969.
38. Varki, A. 1994. Selectin ligands. Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. USA 91:7390-7397.
39. Hatanaka, K., Ilo Y., Maroyama, A., Akaike, T., Ishio, K. and Uryo, T. 1993. Synthesis of a new polymer containing a blood-group antigenic oligosaccharide chain. Macromolecules 26:1483-1486.
40. Vanderrest, M. and Garrone, R. 1991. Collagen family of proteins. FASEB J. 5:2814-2823.
41. Parkhurst, M. R. and Saltzman, W. M. 1992. Quantification of human neutrophil motility in 3-dimensional collagen gels: effect of collagen concentration. Biophys. J. 61:306-315.
42. Krewson, C. F., Chung, S. W., Dai, W.G. and Saltzman, W. M. 1994. Cell aggregation and neurite growth in gels of extracellular matrix molecules. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 43:555-562.
43. Naeme, P. J. and Barry, F. P. 1993. The link proteins. Experimcntia 49:393-402.
44. Urman, B., Gomel, V. and Jetha, N. 1991. Effect of hyaluronic acid on postoperative intraperitoneal adhesion prevention in the rat model. Fertil. Steril. 56:563-567.
45. Sung, K. C. and Topp, E. M. 1994. Swelling properties of hyaluronic acid ester membranes. J. Membrane Sci. 92:157-167.
46. 13C-NMR studies of solutions of hyaluronic acid esters and salts in methyl sulfoxide: comparison of hydrogen bond patterns and conformational behavior. Carbohyd. Res. 230:1-13.
47. Krejchi, M. T., Atkins, E. D. T., Waddon, A. J., Fournier, M. J., Mason, T. L. and Tìrrell, D. A. 1994. Chemical sequence control of beta-sheet assembly in macromolecular crystals of periodic polypeptides. Science 265:1427-1432.
48. Yoshikawa, E., Fournier, M. J., Mason, T. L. and Tirrell, D. A. 1994. Genetically engineered fluoropotymers: synthesis of repetitive polypeptides containing p-fluorophenylalanine residues. Macromolecules 27:5471-5475.
49. Dessipri, E. and Tirrell, D. A. 1994. Trifluoroalanine N-carboxyanyhdride: a reactive intermediate for the synthesis of low surface energy polypeptides. Macromolecules 27:5463-5470.
50. Cappello, J. 1992. Genetic production of synthetic protein polymers. MRS Bulletin 17:48-53.
51. Putnam, D. and Cappello, J. 1993. Improving the growth of anchorage-dependent cells upon abrupt passage to serum-free media. Am. Biotechnol. Lab. 11:14.
52. Anderson, J. P., Cappello, J. and Martin, D. C. 1994. Morphology and primary crystal structure of a silk-like protein polymer synthesized by genetically engineered escherichia coli bacteria, Biopolymers 34:1049-1058.
53. Rosenbioom, J., Abrams, W. R. and Mecham, R. 1993. Extracellular matrix, 4: the elastic fiber. FASEB J. 7:1208-1218.
54. McPherson, D. T, Morrow, C, Minchan, D. S., Wu, J. G., Hunter, E. and Urry, D. W. 1992. Production and purification of a recombinant elastomeric polypeptide G(VPGVG)"VPGV from Escherichia coli. Biotechnol. Progress 8:347-352.
55. Urry, D. W. 1993. Molecular machines: how motion and other functions of living organisms can result from reversible chemical changes. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl. 32:819-841.
56. 3. J. Biomed. Mater. Res. 26:393-413.
57. Vert, M. and Li, S. M. 1992. Bioresorbability and biocompatibility of aliphatic polyesters. J. Mater. Sci. Mater. Med. 3:432-446.
58. Hoffman, K. R. and Casey, D. J. 1985. Effect of carboxyl end groups on hydrolysis of polyglycolic acid. J. Polym. Sci, Polym. Chem. Ed. 23:1939-1954.
59. Miller, R. A., Brady, J. M. and Culright, D. E. 1977. Degradation rates of oral resorbable implants (polylaetates and polyglycolates): rate modification with changes in PLA/PGA copolymer ratios. J. Biomed. Mater. Res. 11:711-719.
60. Pitt, C. G., Gratzl, M. M., Rimmel, G. L., Surles, J. and Schindler, A. 1981. Aliphatic polyesters, II: the degradation of poly(dl-lactide), poly(e-caprolac-tone) and their copolymers in vivo. Biomaterials 2:215-220.
61. Dunn, R. L., Yewey, G. L., Duysen, E. D., Poison, E. M. and Southard, G. I. 1994. In situ forming of biodegradable polymeric implants for tissue regeneration. Abst. Am. Chem. Soc. 208:247.
62. Slepian, M. J., Campell, P. K., Berrigan, K., Roth, L., Massia, S. P., Weselcouch, E., Ron, E., Mathiowitz, E., Jacob, J., Chickcring, D. and Philbrook, M. 1994. Biodegradable endoluminal polymer layers provide sustained transmural heparin delivery to the arterial wall in vivo. Circulation 90:20.
63. Gombotz, W. R., Guanghui, W. and Hoffman, A. S. 1990. Protein adsorption to poly(ethylene oxide) surfaces. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 37:91-107.
64. Sawhney, A. S., Pathak, C. P. and Hubbell, J.A. 1993. Bioerodible hydrogels based on photopolymerized poly(ethylene glycol)-co-poly(a-hydroxy acid) diacrylate macromers. Macromolecules 26:581-587.
65. West, J. L. and Hubbell, J. A. 1995. Photopolymerized hydrogel materials for drug delivery applications. Reactive Polym. In press.
66. Leach, R. E. and Henry, R. L. 1990. Reduction of postoperative adhesion in the rat uterine horn model with Poloxamer 407. Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol. 162:1317-1319.
67. Intveld, P. J. A., Shen, Z. R., Takens, G. A. J., Dijkstra, P.J. and Feijen, J. 1994. Glycine glycolic acid based copolymers. J. Polym. Sci. Polym. Chem. 32:1063-1069.
68. Barrera, D. A., Zylstra, E., Lansbury, P. T. and Langer, R. 1995. Copoly-merization and degradation of poly(lactic acid-co-lysine). Macromolecules 28:425-432.
69. Barrera, D. A., Zylstra, E; Lansbury. P. T. and Langer, R. 1993. Synthesis and RGD peptide modification of a new biodegradable copolymer: poly(lactic acid-co-lysine). J.Am. Chem. Soc. 115:11010-11011.
70. Kleinfeld, D., Kahler, K. H. and Hockberger, P. E. 1988. Controlled outgrowth of dissociated neurons on patterned substrates. J. Neurosci. 8:4098-4120.
71. Stenger, D. A., Gerger, J. H., Dulcey, C. S., Hickman, J. J., Rudolph, A. S., Nielsen, T. B., McCort, S. M. and Calvert, J. M. 1992. Coplanar molecular assemblies of aminoalkylsilane and periluorinated alkylsilane: characterization and geometric definition of mammalian cell adhesion and growth. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 114:8435-8442.
72. Bain, C. D. and Whitesides, G. M. 1989. Modeling organic surfaces with self-assembled monolayers. Angew. Chem. Int. Edn. Engl. 28:506-512.
73. Folkers, J. P., Laibinis, P. E. and Whitesides, G. M. 1992. Self-assembled monolayers of alkanethiols on gold: comparisons of monolayers containing mixtures of short-chain and long-chain constituents with CH, and CILOH terminal groups. Langmuir 8:1330-1341.
74. Prime, K. L. and Whitesides, G. M. 1993. Adsorption of proteins onto surfaces containing end-attached oligo(ethylene oxide): a model system using self-assembled monolayers. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 115:10714-10721.
75. Kamar, A., Biebuyck, H. A. and Whitesides, G. M. 1994. Patterning self-assembled monolayers: applications in materials science. Langmuir 10:1498-1511.
76. Yannas, I. V. 1994. Applications of ECM analogs in surgery. J. Cell. Biochem. 56:188-191.
77. Yannas, I. V. 1990. Biologically active analogs of the extracellular matrix: artificial skin and nerves. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl. 29:20-35.
78. Grinnell, F. 1994. Fibroblasts, myofibroblasts, and wound contraction. J. Cell Biol. 124:401-404.
79. Pettit, D. K., Hoffman, A. S. and Horbett, T. A. 1994. Correlation between corneal epithelial cell outgrowth and monoclonal antibody binding to the cell-binding domain of adsorbed fibronectin. J. Biomed. Mater. Res. 28:685-691.
80. Norde, W. and Favier, J. P. 1992. Structure of adsorbed and desorbed proteins. Coll. Surf. 64:87-93.
81. Humphries, M. J., Akiyama, S. K., Komoriya, A., Olden, K. and Yamada, K. M. 1986. Identification of an alternatively spliced site in human plasma fibronectin that mediates cell type specific adhesion. J. Cell Biol. 103:2637-2647.
82. Singhvi, R., Kumar, A., Lopez, G. P., Stephanopoulos, G. N., Wang, D. I. C, Whitesides, G. M. and Ingber, D. E. 1994. Engineering cell shape and function. Science 264:696-698.
83. Healy, K. E., Lorn, B. and Hockberger, P. E. 1994. Spatial distribution of mammalian cells dictated by material surface chemistry. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 43:792-800.
84. Ranieri, J. P., Bellamkonda, R., Jacob, J., Vargo, T.G., Gardella, J. A. and Aebischer, P. 1993. Selective neuronal cell attachment to a covalently patterned monoamine on fluorinated ethylene-propylene films. J. Biomed. Mater. Res. 27:917-925.
85. Ranieri, J. P., Bellamkonda, R., Bekos, E. J., Gardella, J. A., Mathieu, H. J., Ruiz, L. and Aebischer, P. 1994. Spatial control of neuronal cell attachment and differentiation on covalently patterned laminin oligopeptide substrates. Int. J. Develop. Neurosci. 12:725-735.
86. Moghaddam, M.J. and Matsuda, T. 1993. Molecular design of 3-dimensional artificial extracellular matrix: photosensitive polymers containing cell adhesive peptide. J. Polym. Sci. Polym. Chem. 31:1589-1597.
87. Bell, E., Rosenberg, M., Kemp, P., Gay, R., Green, G. D., Muthukumaran, N. and Nolte, C. 1991. Recipies for reconstituting skin. J. Biomech. Eng. Trans. ASME 113:113-119.
88. Mikos, A. G., Bao, Y., Cima, L. G., Ingber, D. E., Vacanti, J. P. and Langer, R. 1993. Preparation of poly(glycolic acid) bonded fiber structures for cell attachment and transplantation. J. Biomed. Mater. Res. 27:183-189.
89. Freed, L. E., Grande, D. A., Lingbin, Z., Emmanual, J., Marquis, J. C. and Langer, R. 1994. Joint resurfacing using allograft chondrocytes and synthetic biodegradable polymer scaffolds. J. Biomed. Mater. Res. 28:891-899.
90. Freed, L. E., Vunjaknovakovic, G., Biron, R. J., Eagles, D. B., Lesnoy, D. C., Barlow, S. K. and Langer, R. 1994. Biodegradable polymer scaffolds for tissue engineering, Bio/Technology 12:689-693.
91. Freed, L. E., Vunjaknovakovic, G., Emmanual, J. and Langer, R. 1994. Composition of cell-polymer cartilage implants. Biotechnol Bioeng 43:605-614
92. Mooney, D. J., Organ, G., Vacanti, J. P. and Langer, R. 1994. Design and fabrication of biodegradable polymer devices to engineer tubular tissues. Cell Transplant. 3:203-210.
93. Wake, M. C, Patrick, C. W. and Mikos, A. G. 1994. Pore morphology effects on the fibrovascular tissue growth in porous polymer substrates. Cell Transplant. 3:339-343.
94. Johnson, L. B., Aiken, J., Mooney, D. J., Schloo, B. L., Grifflth-Cima, L., Langer, R. and Vacanti, J. P. 1994. The mesentery as a lamininated vascular bed for hepatocytc transplantation. Cell Transplant. 3:273-281.
95. Mooney, D., Hansen, L., Vacanti, J., Langer, R., Farmer, S. and Ingber, D. 1992. Switching from differentiation to growth in hepatocytcs: control by extracellular matrix. J. Cell. Physiol. 151:497-505.
96. Hansen, L. K., Mooney, D. J., Vacanti, J. P. and Ingber, D. E. 1994. Integrili binding and cell spreading on extracellular matrix act at different points in the cell cycle to promote hepatocyte growth. Molec. Biol. Cell 5:967-975.
97. Dunn, J. C. Y., Thomkins, R. G. and Yarmush, M. L. 1992. Hepatocytes in collagen sandwich: evidence for transcriptional and translational regulation. J. Cell Biol. 116:1043-1053.
98. Parsons-Wingerter, P. A. and Saltzman, W. M. 1993. Growth versus function in the 3-dimensional culture of single and aggregated hepatocytes within collagen gels. Biotechol. Progr. 9:600-607.
99. Dia, W. G., Belt, J. and Saltzman, W. M. 1994. Cell-binding peptides conjugated to poly(ethylene glycol) promote neural cell aggregation. Bio/Technology 12:797-801.
100. Nyberg, S. L., Shirabe, K., Peshwa, M. V, Sielaff, T. D., Crotty, P. L., Mann, H. J., Remmel, R. P., Payne, W. D., Hu, W.S. and Cerra, F. B. 1993. Extracorporeal application of a gel entrapment, bioartificial liver: demonstra-tion of drug metabolism and other biochemical functions. Cell Transplant. 2:441-452.
101. Spargo, B. J., Testoff, M. A., Nielsen, T. B., Stenger, D. A., Hickman, J. J. and Rudolph, A.S. 1994. Spatially controlled adhesion, spreading, and differentiation of endothelial cells on self-assembled molecular monolayers. Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. USA 91:11070-11074.
102. Edelman, E. R., Mathiowitz, E., Langer, R. and Klagsbrun, M. 1991. Controlled and modulated release of basic fibroblast growth factor. Biomaterials 12:619-626.
103. Lee, S. C, Shea, M., Battle, M. A., Kozitza, K., Ron, E., Turek, T., Schaub, R. G. and Hayes, W. C. 1994. Healing of large segmental defects in rat femurs is aided by RHBMP-2 in PLGA. J. Biomed. Mater. Res. 28:1149-1156.
104. Guenard, V, Kleitman, N., Morrissey, T. K., Bunge, R. P. and Aebischer, P. 1992. Syngeneic Schwann cells derived from adult nerves seeded in semipermeable guidance channels enhance peripheral nerve regeneration. J. Neurosci. 12:3310-3320.
105. Williams, S. K., Rose, D. G. and Jarrell, B. E. 1994. Microvascular endothelial cell sodding of ePTFE vascular grafts: improved patency and stability of the cellular linig. J. Biomed Mater Res. 28:203-212.
106. Lum, Z. P., Tai, I.T., Krestow, M., Norton, J., Vacer, I. and Sun, A. M. 1991. Prolonged reversal of diabetic state in NOD mice by xenografts of microencapsulated rat islets. Diabetes 40:1511-1516.
107. Soon-Shiong, P., Feldman, E., Nelson, R., Heintz, R., Yao, Q., Yao, Z. W., Zheng, T. L., Merideth, N., Skjakbraek, G., Espevik, T., Smidsrod, O. and Sandford, P. 1993. Long-term reversal of diabetes by the injection of immuno-protected islets. Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. USA 90:5843-5847.
108. Joseph, J. M., Goddard, M. B., Mills, J., Padrun, V, Zurn, A., Zielinski, B., Favre, J., Gardaz, J. P., Mosimann, F., Sagen, J., Christenson, L. and Aebischer, P. 1994. Transplantation of encapsulated bovine chromaffin cells in the sheep subarachnoid space: a preclinical study for the treatment of cancer pain. Cell Transplant. 3:355-364.
109. Uludag, H., Horvath, V, Black, J. P. and Sefton, M. V. 1994. Viability and protein secretion from human hepatoma (HEPG2) cells encapsulated in 400 pm polyacrylate microcapsules by submerged nozzle liquid extrusion. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 44:1199-1204.
110. Dionne, K. E., Colton, C. K. and Yarmush, M. L. 1993. Effect of hypoxia on insulin secretion by isolated rat and canine islets of Langerhans. Diabetes 42:12-21.
111. Sawhney, A. S., Pathak, C. P. and Hubbell, J. A. 1994. Modification of Islet of Langerhans surfaces with immunoprotective poly(ethylene glycol) coatings via interfacial photopolymerization. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 44:383-386.
112. Ferns, G. A. A., Raines, E. W., Sprugel, K. H., Motani, A. S., Reidy, M. A. and Ross, R. 1991. Inhibition of neointimal smooth muscle accumulation after angioplasty by an antibody to PDGF. Science 253:1129-1132.
113. Hill-West, J. L., Chowdhury, S. M., Slepian, M. J. and Hubbell, J. A. 1994. Inhibition of thrombosis and intimai thickening by in situ photopolymerization of thin hydrogel barriers. Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. USA 91:5967-5971.
114. Hill-West, J. L., Chowdhury, S. M., Sawhney, A. S., Pathak, C. P., Dunn, R. C. and Hubbell, J. A. 1994. Prevention of postoperative adhesions in the rat by in situ photopolymerization of bioresorbable hydrogel barriers. Obstet. Gynecol. 83:59-64.
115. Radzilowski, L. H. and Stupp, S. I. 1994. Nanophase separation in monodisperse rodcoil diblock polymers. Macromolecules 27:7747-7753.
116. Messersmith, P. B. and Stupp, S. I. 1992. Synthesis of nanocomposites: organoceramics. J. Mater. Res. 7:2599-2611.
117. Chen, G. H. and Hoffman, A. S. 1995. Graft copolymers that exhibit temperature-induced phase transitions over a wide range of pH. Nature 373:49-52.
118. Brauker, J., Martinson, L. A., Hill, R. S., Young, S. K., Carrbrendel, V. E. and Johnson, R. C. 1992. Neovascularization of immunoisolation membranes: the effect of architecture and encapsulation of tissue. Transplant. Proc. 24:2924.
119. Schmidt, J. A. and von Recum, A. F. 1992. Macrophage response to micro-textured silicone. Biomaterials 13:1059-1069.
120. Green, A. M., Jansen, J. A., Van der Waerden, J. P. C. M. and von Recum, A. F. 1994. Fibroblast response to microtextured silicone surfaces: texture orientation into or out of the surface. J. Biomed. Mater. Res. 28:647-653.