Solar UV Irradiation Conditions on the Surface of Mars

Photochemistry and Photobiology

Volumn 77, Issue 1, 2003, Pages 34-40

  Rontó, Györgyi ^a,g   Bérces, Attila ^a   Lammer, Helmut ^b   Cockell, Charles S ^c   Molina Cuberos, Gregorio J ^d   Patel, Manish R ^e   Selsis, Franck ^f  

^a SEMMELWEIS UNIVERSITY   (Hungary)

^b Austrian Academy of Sciences ^*  (Austria)

^c BRITISH ANTARCTIC SURVEY   (United Kingdom)

^d UNIVERSITY OF MURCIA   (Spain)

^e OPEN UNIVERSITY   (United Kingdom)

^f CENTRO DE ASTROBIOLOGÍA CSIC INTA   (Spain)

^g RESEARCH INSTITUTE FOR TECHNICAL PHYSICS AND MATERIALS SCIENCE   (Hungary)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ICE; OZONE; URACIL;

ARTICLE; ASTRONOMY; ATMOSPHERIC RADIOACTIVITY; BACTERIOPHAGE T7; DIMERIZATION; DNA DAMAGE; DUST; ENVIRONMENTAL RADIOACTIVITY; EVOLUTION; SOLAR RADIATION; ULTRAVIOLET IRRADIATION; ULTRAVIOLET RADIATION;

EID: 1542666502     PISSN: 00318655     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1562/0031-8655(2003)0770034SUICOT2.0.CO2     Document Type: Article

References (54)

1. Cockell, C. S. and G. Horneck (2001) The history of the UV radiation climate of the Earth-theoretical and space-based observations. Photochem. Photobiol. 73, 447-451.
2. Holland, H. D. (1999) When did the Earth's atmosphere become oxic? A reply. The Geochem News 100, 20-23.
3. Walker, J. C. G., C. Klein, M. Schidlowski, J. W. Schopf, D. J. Stevenson and M. R. Walter (1983) Environmental evolution of the Archean-Protozoic Earth. In Earth's Earliest Biosphere (Edited by J. W. Schopf), pp. 160-190. Princeton University Press, Princeton, NJ.
4. Lowe, D. R. (1994) Early environments: constraints and opportunities for early evolution. Nature 264, 620-624.
5. Clancy, P., D. Schmitt and O. Angerer (2001) ESA life sciences, exobiology and exploration. In Exo-Astrobiology, ESA SP-496, pp. 17-21. ESA Publ. ESTEC, Noordwijk, The Netherlands.
6. Lammer, H. and S. J. Bauer (1991) Non-thermal atmospheric escape from Mars and Titan. J. Geophys. Res. 96, 1819-1825.
7. Kass, D. M. and Y. L. Yung (1995) Loss of atmosphere from Mars due to solar wind induced sputtering. Science 268, 697-699.
8. Kass, D. M. and Y. L. Yung (1996) The loss of atmosphere from Mars-response. Science 274, 1932-1933.
9. Lammer, H., W. Stumptner and S. J. Bauer (1996) Loss of H and O from Mars: implications for the planetary water inventory. Geophys. Res. Lett. 23, 3353-3356.
10. Leblanc, F. and R. E. Johnson (2001) Sputtering of the Martian atmosphere by solar wind pick-up ions. Planet. Space Sci. 49, 645-656.
11. Huguenin, R. L. (1976) Chemical weathering as a massive volatile sink. Icarus 28, 203-212.
12. Huguenin, R. L., R. G. Prinn and T. R. McGetchin (1977) Mars: photo-desorption from mineral surfaces and its effects on atmospheric stability. Icarus 32, 270-298.
13. Huguenin, R. L. (1982) Chemical weathering and the Viking biology experiments on Mars. J. Geophys. Res. 87, 10069-10082.
14. Carr, M. H. (1987) Water on Mars. Nature 326, 30-34.
15. Carr, M. H. (1999) Retention of an atmosphere on early Mars. J. Geophys. Res. 104, 21897-21909.
16. Towner, M. C., M. R. Patel, T. J. Ringrose, J. C. Zarnecki, D. Pullan, M. R. Sims, S. Haapanala, A.-M. Harri, J. Polkko and C. Wilson (2002) The Beagle 2 environmental sensors: Science goals and instruments (in preparation).
17. Patel, M. R., J. C. Zarnecki and D. C. Catling (2002) Ultraviolet radiation on the surface of Mars and Beagle 2 UV sensor. Planet. Space Sci. 50, 915-927.
18. Fisher, G. J. and H. E. Johns (1976) Pyrimidine photodimers. In Photochemistry and Photobiology of Nucleic Acids (Edited by S. Y. Wang), pp. 226-294, Academic Press, New York.
19. Cockell, C. S., D. Catling, W. L. Davis, R. N. Kepner, P. C. Lee, K. Snook and C. P. McKay (2000) The ultraviolet environment of Mars: biological implications past, present and future. Icarus 146, 343-359.
20. Tyrrell, R. M. (1978) Solar dosimetry with repair deficient bacterial spores: action spectra, photoproduct measurements and a comparison with other biological systems. Photochem. Photobiol. 27, 571-579.
21. Munakata, N. (1989) Genotoxic action of sunlight upon Bacillus subtilis spores: monitoring studies at Tokyo, Japan. J. Radiation Res. 30, 338-351.
22. Quintern, L., G. Horneck, U. Eschweiler and H. Bücker (1992) A biofilm is used as ultraviolet dosimeter. Photochem. Photobiol. 55, 389-395.
23. Furusawa, Y., K. Suzuki and M. Sasaki (1990) Biological and physical dosimeters for monitoring solar UV-B light. J. Radiat. Res. 31, 189-206.
24. Rontó, Gy., S. Gáspár and A. Bérces (1992) Phage T7 in biological UV measurement. J. Photochem. Photobiol. B: Biol. 12, 285-294.
25. Regan, J. D., W. L. Carrier, H. Gucinski, B. L. Olla, H. Yoshida, R. K. Fujimura and R. I. Wicklund (1992) DNA as a solar dosimeter in the ocean. Photochem. Photobiol. 27, 35-42.
26. Gróf, P., S. Gáspár, and Gy. Rontó (1996) Use of uracil thin layer for measuring the biologically effective UV dose. Photochem. Photobiol. 64, 800-806.
27. Rontó, Gy., S. Gáspár, P. Gróf, A. Bérces and Z. Gugolya (1994) Ultraviolet dosimetry in outdoor measurements based on bacteriophage T7 as biosensor. Photochem. Photobiol. 59, 209-214.
28. Fekete, A., A. A. Vink, S. Gáspár, A. Bérces, K. Módos, Gy. Rontó and L. Roza (1998) Assessment of the effects of various UV sources on inactivation and photoproduct induction in phage T7. Photochem. Photobiol. 68, 527-531.
29. Kerékgyártó, T., P. Gróf and Gy. Rontó (1999) Influence of spectral and angular sensitivity on the readout of biological dosimeters. J. Photochem. Photobiol. B: Biol. 53, 27-35.
30. Rontó, Gy., A. Bérces, P. Gróf, A. Fekete, T. Kerékgyártó, S. Gáspár and C. Stick (2000) Monitoring of environmental UV radiation by biological dosimeters. Adv. Space Res. 26, 2021-2028.
31. Coohill, T. P. (1991) Action spectra again. Photochem. Photobiol. 54, 859-870.
32. Horneck, G. (1995) Quantification of the biological effectiveness of environmental UV radiation. J. Photochem. Photobiol. B: Biol. 31, 43-49.
33. Rontó, Gy., P. Gróf, and S. Gáspár (1995) Biological UV dosimetry-a comprehensive problem. J. Photochem. Photobiol. B: Biol. 31, 51-56.
34. Kuhn, W. R. and S. K. Atreya (1979) Solar radiation incident on the Martian surface. J. Mol. Evol. 14, 57-64.
35. Ockert-Bell, M., J. F., Bell III, J. B. Pollack, C. P. McKay, and F. Forget (1997) Absorption and scattering properties of the Martian dust in the solar wavelengths. J. Geophys. Res. 102(E4), 9039-9050.
36. Molina-Cuberos, G. J., W. Stumptner, H. Lammer, N. I. Koemle and K. O'Brien (2001) Cosmic radiation and UV radiation models on the ancient Martian surface. Icarus 154, 216-222.
37. Lammer, H., F. Selsis, G. J. Molina-Cuberos, W. Stumptner, A. Bérces, T. Kerékgyártó and G. Ronto (2002) Was the ancient Martian surface sterilized by radiation? In The Evolving Sun and its Influence on Planetary Environments, Vol. 269, (Edited by B. Montesinos, A. Gimenez and E. F. Guinan), pp. 151-161. ASP Conference Series, Proceedings of the Second Granada Workshop. The Astronomical Society of the Pacific, San Francisco, CA.
38. Zahnle, K. J. and J. C. G. Walker (1982) The evolution of solar ultraviolet luminosity. Rev. Geophys. 20, 280-292.
39. Selsis, F. (2000) Evolution model of the atmosphere of terrestrial planets. Application to the primitive atmosphere of the Earth and to the detection of life on extrasolar planets. Ph.D. thesis, University of Bordeaux I, France, available at anonymous server: alienor.observ.u-bordeaux.fr/pub/selsis/selsis.pdf.
40. Selsis, F., D. Despois and J.-P. Parisot (2002) Signature of life on exoplanets: can Darwin produce false positive detections? Astron. Astrophys. 388, 985-1003.
41. Toublanc, D, J- P. Parisot, J. Brillet, D. Gautier and F. Raulin (1995) Photochemical modelling of Titan's atmosphere. Icarus 113, 2-26.
42. Nair, H., M. Allen, A. D. Anbar and Y. L. Yung (1994) A photochemical model of the Martian athmosphere. Icarus 111, 124-150.
43. 2 extinction coefficient 1700-3000 Å. J. Chem. Phys. 56, 1582-1587.
44. Kasting, J. F., K. J. Zahnle, J. P. Pinto and A. T. Young (1989) Sulfur, ultraviolet radiation and the early evolution of life. Origin Life Evol. Biosph. 19, 95-108.
45. Lewis, B. R. and J. H. Carver (1983) Temperature dependence of the carbon dioxide photoabsorption cross-section between 1200 and 1970 Å. J. Quant. Spectrosc. Radiat. Transf. 30, 297-309.
46. Kerékgyártó, T., P. Gróf and Gy. Rontó (1997) Production and basic application of uracil dosimeters for measuring the biolgically effective UV dose. Cent. Eur. J. Occup. Environ. Med. 3, 587-593.
47. Rontó, Gy., M. M. Agamalyan, G. M. Drabkin, L. A. Feigin and Yu. M. Lvov (1983) Structure of bacteriophage T7. Small angle X-ray and neutron scattering study. Biophys. J. 43, 309-314.
48. Módos, K., S. Gáspár, P. Kirsch, M. Gay and Gy. Rontó (1999) Construction of spectral sensitivity function using polychromatic UV sources. J. Photochem. Photobiol. B: Biol. 49, 171-176.
49. Pollack, J. B., D. S. Colburn, F. M. Flasar, R. Kahn, C. E. Carleston and D. Pideck (1979) Properties and effects of dust particles suspended in the Martian atmosphere. J. Geophys. Res. 84, 2929-2945.
50. Barth, C. A., C. W. Hord, A. I. Stewart, A. L. Lane, M. L. Dick and G. P. Anderson (1973) Mariner 9 ultraviolet spectrometer experiment: seasonal variation of ozone on Mars. Science 179, 795-796.
51. CIE Research Note (1987) A reference action spectrum for ultraviolet induced erythema in human skin. CIE J. 6, 17-22.
52. Pollack, J. B., D. S. Colburn, F. M. Flasar, R. Kahn, C. E. Carleston and D. Pidek (1979) Properties and effects of dust particles suspended in the Martian atmosphere. J. Geophys. Res. 84, 2929-2945.
53. Mancinelli, R. L. and M. Klovstad (2001) Martian soil and UV radiation: microbial viability assessment on spacecraft surfaces. Planet. Space Sci. 48, 1093-1097.
54. Nienow, J. A., C. P. Mckay and E. I. Friedmann (1988) The cryptoendolithic microbial environment in the Ross Desert of Antarctica: light in the photosynthetically active region. Microbial Ecol. 16, 271-289.