Salt-finger driven enhancement of upper ocean nutrient supply

Geophysical Research Letters

Volumn 30, Issue 23, 2003, Pages

  Oschlies, A ^a   Dietze, H ^a   Kahler P ^a  

^a GEOMAR HELMHOLTZ CENTRE FOR OCEAN RESEARCH KIEL   (Germany)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

MIXING; SALINE WATER; SALTS; THERMAL EFFECTS; TURBULENT FLOW; CLIMATE CHANGE; TURBULENCE;

NUTRIENT LOSS; TURBULENT MIXING; FINGERING INSTABILITIES; MESOSCALE EDDY; NUTRIENT FLUXES; NUTRIENT SUPPLY; ORGANIC MATTER EXPORTS; SALINITY EFFECTS; TURBULENCE CLOSURES;

GEOPHYSICS; NUTRIENTS;

NUTRIENT AVAILABILITY; PHYSICAL OCEANOGRAPHY; SUBTROPICAL REGION; TURBULENT MIXING;

EID: 1542650636     PISSN: 00948276     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1029/2003GL018552     Document Type: Article

References (26)

1. Barnier, B., L. Siefridt, and P. Marchesiello, Surface thermal boundary condition for a global ocean circulation model from a three-year climatology of ECMWF analyses, J. Mar. Syst., 6, 363-380, 1995.
2. Delworth, T. L., et al., Review of simulations of climate variability and change with the GFDL R30 coupled climate model, Climate Dyn., 19, 555-574, 2002.
3. Dietze, H., A. Oschlies, and P. Kähler, Internal-wave induced and double-diffusive nutrient fluxes to the nutrient-consuming surface layer in the oligotrophic subtropical North Atlantic, Ocean Dynamics, in press, 2003.
4. Gaspar, P., Y. Gregoris, and J.-M. Lefevre, A simple eddy kinetic energy model for simulations of the oceanic vertical mixing: Tests at station Papa and Long-Term Upper Ocean Study site, J. Geophys. Res., 95, 16,179-16,193, 1990.
5. Gibson, J. K., et al., ECMWF Re-Analysis Project Report Series. 1. ERA Description, 72 pp., European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasting, Reading, UK, 1997.
6. Hamilton, J. M., M. R. Lewis, and B. R. Ruddick, Vertical fluxes of nitrate associated with salt fingers in the World's Oceans, J. Geophys. Res., 94, 2137-2145, 1989.
7. Haney, R. L., Surface thermal boundary condition for ocean circulation models, J. Phys. Oceanogr., 1, 241-248, 1971.
8. Jenkins, W. J., Oxygen utilization rates in North Atlantic subtropical gyre and primary production in oligotrophic systems, Nature, 300, 246-248, 1982.
9. Ledwell, J. R., A. J. Watson, and C. S. Law, Evidence for slow mixing across the pycnocline from an open-ocean tracer-release experiment, Nature, 364, 701-703, 1993.
10. Levitus, S., and T. Boyer, World Ocean Atlas 1994, Vol. 4: Temperature. NOAA Atlas NESDIS 4, U.S. Gov. Print. Office, Washington, D.C., 99 pp., 1994.
11. Levitus, S., R. Burgett, and T. P. Boyer, World Ocean Atlas 1994, Vol. 3: Salinity. NOAA Atlas NESDIS 3, U.S. Gov. Print. Office, Washington, D.C., 99 pp., 1994.
12. Lewis, M. R., W. G. Harrison, N. S. Oakey, D. Herbert, and T. Platt, Vertical nitrate fluxes in the oligotrophic ocean, Science, 234, 870-873, 1986.
13. McGillicuddy, D. J., Jr., et al., Influence of mesoscale eddies on new production in the Sargasso Sea, Nature, 394, 263-266, 1998.
14. Oschlies, A., Nutrient supply to the surface waters of the North Atlantic: A model study, J. Geophys. Res., 107(C5), doi:10.1029/2000JC000275, 2002a.
15. Oschlies, A., Can eddies make ocean deserts bloom?, Global Biogeochem. Cycles, 16, 1106, doi:10.1029/2001GB001830, 2002b.
16. Oschlies, A., and V. Garçon, Eddy-induced enhancement of primary production in a model of the North Atlantic Ocean, Nature, 394, 266-269, 1998.
17. Oschlies, A., and V. Garçon, An eddy-permitting coupled physical-biological model of the North Atlantic. Part I: Sensitivity to advection numerics and mixed layer physics, Global Biogeochem. Cycles, 13, 135-160, 1999.
18. Polzin, K. L., J. M. Toole, and R. W. Schmitt, Finescale parameterizations of turbulent dissipation, J. Phys. Oceanogr., 25, 306-328, 1995.
19. Sarmiento, J. L., T. M. C. Hughes, R. J. Stouffer, and S. Manabe, Simulated response of the ocean carbon cycle to anthropogenic climate warming, Nature, 393, 245-249, 1998.
20. Schmitt, R. W., The growth rate of super-critical salt fingers, Deep-Sea Res., 26, 2589-2605, 1979.
21. Schmitt, R. W., Form of the temperature-salinity relationship in the Central Water: Evidence for double-diffusive mixing, J. Phys. Oceanogr., 11, 1015-1026, 1981.
22. Schmitt, R. W., Observational and laboratory insights into salt finger convection, Progr. Oceanogr., 56, 419-433, 2003.
23. Schmitt, R. W., H. Perkins, J. D. Boyd, and M. C, Stalcup, C-SALT: An investigation of the thermohaline staircase in the western tropical North Atlantic, Deep-Sea Res., 34, 1655-1665, 1987.
24. St. Laurent, L., and R. W. Schmitt, The contribution of salt fingers to vertical mixing in the North Atlantic tracer release experiment, J. Phys. Oceanogr., 29, 1404-1424, 1999.
25. Washburn, L., and R. H. Käse, Double diffusion and the distribution of the density ratio in the Mediterranean waterfront southeast of the Azores, J. Phys. Oceanogr., 17, 12-25, 1987.
26. Zhang, J., R. W. Schmitt, and R. X. Huang, Sensitivity of the GFDL Modular Ocean Model to parameterization of double-diffusive processes, J. Phys. Oceanogr., 28, 589-605, 1998.