Trends in the Education and Practice of Alternative Medicine Clinicians

Health Affairs

Volumn 15, Issue 3, 1996, Pages 226-238

  Cooper, Richard A ^a   Stoflet, Sandi J ^b  

^a MEDICAL COLLEGE OF WISCONSIN   (United States)

^b Health Policy Institute

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE; ARTICLE; CHIROPRACTIC; ECONOMICS; FORECASTING; HEALTH CARE MANPOWER; HUMAN; LICENSING; MANPOWER; ORIENTAL MEDICINE; PHYSICIAN; PROFESSIONAL PRACTICE; UNITED STATES;

CHIROPRACTIC; COMPLEMENTARY THERAPIES; FORECASTING; HEALTH MANPOWER; HUMANS; LICENSURE; MEDICINE, ORIENTAL TRADITIONAL; NATUROPATHY; PHYSICIANS; PROFESSIONAL PRACTICE; UNITED STATES;

EID: 1542534420     PISSN: 02782715     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1377/hlthaff.15.3.226     Document Type: Article

References (50)

1. Council on Graduate Medical Education, Recommendations to Improve Access to Health Care through Physician Workforce Reform (Washington; U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, 1994); and R.A. Cooper, "Seeking a Balanced Physician Workforce for the Twenty-first Century," Journal of the American Medical Association 272 (1994): 680-687.
2. Council on Graduate Medical Education, Recommendations to Improve Access to Health Care through Physician Workforce Reform (Washington; U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, 1994); and R.A. Cooper, "Seeking a Balanced Physician Workforce for the Twenty-first Century," Journal of the American Medical Association 272 (1994): 680-687.
3. R.A. Cooper, "Perspectives on the Physician Workforce to the Year 2020," Journal of the American Medical Association 274 (1995): 1534-1543.
4. K.M. Lohr, N.A. Vanselow, and D.E. Detmer, eds., The Nation's Physician Workforce: Options for Balancing Supply and Requirements (Washington: National Academy Press, 1996); S.A. Schroeder, "The U.S. Physician Supply: Generalism in Retreat," Bulletin of the New York Academy of Medicine 70 (1993): 103-117; E.M. Whitcomb, "A Cross-National Comparison of Generalist Physician Work-force Data," Journal of the American Medical Association 274 (1995): 692-695; J.P. Weiner, "Forecasting the Effects of Health Reform on U.S. Physician Work-force Requirements: Evidence from HMO Staffing Patterns," Journal of the American Medical Association 272 (1994): 222-230; and S. Garnliel et al., "Managed Care on the March: Will Physicians Meet the Challenge?" Health Affairs (Summer 1995): 131-142.
5. K.M. Lohr, N.A. Vanselow, and D.E. Detmer, eds., The Nation's Physician Workforce: Options for Balancing Supply and Requirements (Washington: National Academy Press, 1996); S.A. Schroeder, "The U.S. Physician Supply: Generalism in Retreat," Bulletin of the New York Academy of Medicine 70 (1993): 103-117; E.M. Whitcomb, "A Cross-National Comparison of Generalist Physician Work-force Data," Journal of the American Medical Association 274 (1995): 692-695; J.P. Weiner, "Forecasting the Effects of Health Reform on U.S. Physician Work-force Requirements: Evidence from HMO Staffing Patterns," Journal of the American Medical Association 272 (1994): 222-230; and S. Garnliel et al., "Managed Care on the March: Will Physicians Meet the Challenge?" Health Affairs (Summer 1995): 131-142.
6. K.M. Lohr, N.A. Vanselow, and D.E. Detmer, eds., The Nation's Physician Workforce: Options for Balancing Supply and Requirements (Washington: National Academy Press, 1996); S.A. Schroeder, "The U.S. Physician Supply: Generalism in Retreat," Bulletin of the New York Academy of Medicine 70 (1993): 103-117; E.M. Whitcomb, "A Cross-National Comparison of Generalist Physician Work-force Data," Journal of the American Medical Association 274 (1995): 692-695; J.P. Weiner, "Forecasting the Effects of Health Reform on U.S. Physician Work-force Requirements: Evidence from HMO Staffing Patterns," Journal of the American Medical Association 272 (1994): 222-230; and S. Garnliel et al., "Managed Care on the March: Will Physicians Meet the Challenge?" Health Affairs (Summer 1995): 131-142.
7. K.M. Lohr, N.A. Vanselow, and D.E. Detmer, eds., The Nation's Physician Workforce: Options for Balancing Supply and Requirements (Washington: National Academy Press, 1996); S.A. Schroeder, "The U.S. Physician Supply: Generalism in Retreat," Bulletin of the New York Academy of Medicine 70 (1993): 103-117; E.M. Whitcomb, "A Cross-National Comparison of Generalist Physician Work-force Data," Journal of the American Medical Association 274 (1995): 692-695; J.P. Weiner, "Forecasting the Effects of Health Reform on U.S. Physician Work-force Requirements: Evidence from HMO Staffing Patterns," Journal of the American Medical Association 272 (1994): 222-230; and S. Garnliel et al., "Managed Care on the March: Will Physicians Meet the Challenge?" Health Affairs (Summer 1995): 131-142.
8. K.M. Lohr, N.A. Vanselow, and D.E. Detmer, eds., The Nation's Physician Workforce: Options for Balancing Supply and Requirements (Washington: National Academy Press, 1996); S.A. Schroeder, "The U.S. Physician Supply: Generalism in Retreat," Bulletin of the New York Academy of Medicine 70 (1993): 103-117; E.M. Whitcomb, "A Cross-National Comparison of Generalist Physician Work-force Data," Journal of the American Medical Association 274 (1995): 692-695; J.P. Weiner, "Forecasting the Effects of Health Reform on U.S. Physician Work-force Requirements: Evidence from HMO Staffing Patterns," Journal of the American Medical Association 272 (1994): 222-230; and S. Garnliel et al., "Managed Care on the March: Will Physicians Meet the Challenge?" Health Affairs (Summer 1995): 131-142.
9. Bureau of Health Professions, Health Personnel in the united States, 1991 (Washington: DHHS, 1992); and American Chiropractic Association, Chiropractic: State of the Art (Arlington, Va.: ACA, 1994).
10. Bureau of Health Professions, Health Personnel in the united States, 1991 (Washington: DHHS, 1992); and American Chiropractic Association, Chiropractic: State of the Art (Arlington, Va.: ACA, 1994).
11. National Acupuncture Foundation, State Acupuncture Laws, 1994 ed. (Washington: NAF, 1993).
12. Ibid.; and American Managed Care and Review Association, 1995 State Managed Care Legislative Resource (Washington: AMCRA, 1994).
13. Ibid.; and American Managed Care and Review Association, 1995 State Managed Care Legislative Resource (Washington: AMCRA, 1994).
14. D.M. Eisenberg et al., "Unconventional Medicine in the United States: Prevalence, Costs, and Patterns of Use," The New England Journal of Medicine 328 (1993): 246-252; H.H. Moffet, "Alternative Medicine and Managed Care: Are We Making Progress?" Alternative and Compfementary Therapies 1 (1994): 14-16; B. Carton, "Health Insurers Embrace Eye-of-Newt Therapy," The Wall Street Journal, 30 January 1995, Bl; and B.R. Cassileth and C.C. Chapman, "Alternative and Complementary Cancer Therapies," Cancer 77 (1996): 1026-1034.
15. D.M. Eisenberg et al., "Unconventional Medicine in the United States: Prevalence, Costs, and Patterns of Use," The New England Journal of Medicine 328 (1993): 246-252; H.H. Moffet, "Alternative Medicine and Managed Care: Are We Making Progress?" Alternative and Compfementary Therapies 1 (1994): 14-16; B. Carton, "Health Insurers Embrace Eye-of-Newt Therapy," The Wall Street Journal, 30 January 1995, Bl; and B.R. Cassileth and C.C. Chapman, "Alternative and Complementary Cancer Therapies," Cancer 77 (1996): 1026-1034.
16. D.M. Eisenberg et al., "Unconventional Medicine in the United States: Prevalence, Costs, and Patterns of Use," The New England Journal of Medicine 328 (1993): 246-252; H.H. Moffet, "Alternative Medicine and Managed Care: Are We Making Progress?" Alternative and Compfementary Therapies 1 (1994): 14-16; B. Carton, "Health Insurers Embrace Eye-of-Newt Therapy," The Wall Street Journal, 30 January 1995, Bl; and B.R. Cassileth and C.C. Chapman, "Alternative and Complementary Cancer Therapies," Cancer 77 (1996): 1026-1034.
17. D.M. Eisenberg et al., "Unconventional Medicine in the United States: Prevalence, Costs, and Patterns of Use," The New England Journal of Medicine 328 (1993): 246-252; H.H. Moffet, "Alternative Medicine and Managed Care: Are We Making Progress?" Alternative and Compfementary Therapies 1 (1994): 14-16; B. Carton, "Health Insurers Embrace Eye-of-Newt Therapy," The Wall Street Journal, 30 January 1995, Bl; and B.R. Cassileth and C.C. Chapman, "Alternative and Complementary Cancer Therapies," Cancer 77 (1996): 1026-1034.
18. ACA, Chiropractic: State of the Art; NAF, State Acupuncture Laws; 1994-1995 Official Directory (Longmont, Colo.: Federation of Chiropractic Licensing Boards, 1994); and ACA, 1994 Annual Survey and Statistical Study (Alexandria, Va.: Association Research Group, 1994).
19. ACA, Chiropractic: State of the Art; NAF, State Acupuncture Laws; 1994-1995 Official Directory (Longmont, Colo.: Federation of Chiropractic Licensing Boards, 1994); and ACA, 1994 Annual Survey and Statistical Study (Alexandria, Va.: Association Research Group, 1994).
20. ACA, Chiropractic: State of the Art; NAF, State Acupuncture Laws; 1994-1995 Official Directory (Longmont, Colo.: Federation of Chiropractic Licensing Boards, 1994); and ACA, 1994 Annual Survey and Statistical Study (Alexandria, Va.: Association Research Group, 1994).
21. The Book of States, 1994-1995 ed., vol. 30 (Lexington, Ky.: The Council of State Governments, 1994), 469-470; L. Smith-Peters, ed., Directory of Professional and Occupational Regulation in the United States and Canada (Lexington, Ky.: Council on Licensure, Enforcement, and Regulation, 1994); and Alternative Medicine Yellow Pages (Puyallup, Wash.: Future Medicine Publishing, Inc., 1995).
22. The Book of States, 1994-1995 ed., vol. 30 (Lexington, Ky.: The Council of State Governments, 1994), 469-470; L. Smith-Peters, ed., Directory of Professional and Occupational Regulation in the United States and Canada (Lexington, Ky.: Council on Licensure, Enforcement, and Regulation, 1994); and Alternative Medicine Yellow Pages (Puyallup, Wash.: Future Medicine Publishing, Inc., 1995).
23. The Book of States, 1994-1995 ed., vol. 30 (Lexington, Ky.: The Council of State Governments, 1994), 469-470; L. Smith-Peters, ed., Directory of Professional and Occupational Regulation in the United States and Canada (Lexington, Ky.: Council on Licensure, Enforcement, and Regulation, 1994); and Alternative Medicine Yellow Pages (Puyallup, Wash.: Future Medicine Publishing, Inc., 1995).
24. Cooper, "Seeking a Balanced Physician Workforce;" BHPr, Health Personnel in the United States, 1991; E.S. Sekscenski et al., "State Practice Environments and the Supply of Physician Assistants, Nurse Practitioners, and Certified Nurse-Midwives," The New England Journal of Medicine 331 (1994): 1266-1271; L.H. Aiken and M.E. Salmon, "Health Care Workforce Priorities: What Nursing Should Do Now," Inquiry (Fall 1994): 318-329; C.D. DeAngelis, "Nurse Practitioner Redux," Journal of the American Medical Association 271 (1994): 868-871; Cooper, "Perspectives on the Physician Workforce;" and U.S. Bureau of the Census, Population Projections of the United States by Age, Sex, Race, Hispanic Origin: 1993-2050, Current Population Report P25-1104 (Washington: U.S. Government Printing Office, 1993).
25. Cooper, "Seeking a Balanced Physician Workforce;" BHPr, Health Personnel in the United States, 1991; E.S. Sekscenski et al., "State Practice Environments and the Supply of Physician Assistants, Nurse Practitioners, and Certified Nurse-Midwives," The New England Journal of Medicine 331 (1994): 1266-1271; L.H. Aiken and M.E. Salmon, "Health Care Workforce Priorities: What Nursing Should Do Now," Inquiry (Fall 1994): 318-329; C.D. DeAngelis, "Nurse Practitioner Redux," Journal of the American Medical Association 271 (1994): 868-871; Cooper, "Perspectives on the Physician Workforce;" and U.S. Bureau of the Census, Population Projections of the United States by Age, Sex, Race, Hispanic Origin: 1993-2050, Current Population Report P25-1104 (Washington: U.S. Government Printing Office, 1993).
26. Cooper, "Seeking a Balanced Physician Workforce;" BHPr, Health Personnel in the United States, 1991; E.S. Sekscenski et al., "State Practice Environments and the Supply of Physician Assistants, Nurse Practitioners, and Certified Nurse-Midwives," The New England Journal of Medicine 331 (1994): 1266-1271; L.H. Aiken and M.E. Salmon, "Health Care Workforce Priorities: What Nursing Should Do Now," Inquiry (Fall 1994): 318-329; C.D. DeAngelis, "Nurse Practitioner Redux," Journal of the American Medical Association 271 (1994): 868-871; Cooper, "Perspectives on the Physician Workforce;" and U.S. Bureau of the Census, Population Projections of the United States by Age, Sex, Race, Hispanic Origin: 1993-2050, Current Population Report P25-1104 (Washington: U.S. Government Printing Office, 1993).
27. Cooper, "Seeking a Balanced Physician Workforce;" BHPr, Health Personnel in the United States, 1991; E.S. Sekscenski et al., "State Practice Environments and the Supply of Physician Assistants, Nurse Practitioners, and Certified Nurse-Midwives," The New England Journal of Medicine 331 (1994): 1266-1271; L.H. Aiken and M.E. Salmon, "Health Care Workforce Priorities: What Nursing Should Do Now," Inquiry (Fall 1994): 318-329; C.D. DeAngelis, "Nurse Practitioner Redux," Journal of the American Medical Association 271 (1994): 868-871; Cooper, "Perspectives on the Physician Workforce;" and U.S. Bureau of the Census, Population Projections of the United States by Age, Sex, Race, Hispanic Origin: 1993-2050, Current Population Report P25-1104 (Washington: U.S. Government Printing Office, 1993).
28. Cooper, "Seeking a Balanced Physician Workforce;" BHPr, Health Personnel in the United States, 1991; E.S. Sekscenski et al., "State Practice Environments and the Supply of Physician Assistants, Nurse Practitioners, and Certified Nurse-Midwives," The New England Journal of Medicine 331 (1994): 1266-1271; L.H. Aiken and M.E. Salmon, "Health Care Workforce Priorities: What Nursing Should Do Now," Inquiry (Fall 1994): 318-329; C.D. DeAngelis, "Nurse Practitioner Redux," Journal of the American Medical Association 271 (1994): 868-871; Cooper, "Perspectives on the Physician Workforce;" and U.S. Bureau of the Census, Population Projections of the United States by Age, Sex, Race, Hispanic Origin: 1993-2050, Current Population Report P25-1104 (Washington: U.S. Government Printing Office, 1993).
29. Cooper, "Seeking a Balanced Physician Workforce;" BHPr, Health Personnel in the United States, 1991; E.S. Sekscenski et al., "State Practice Environments and the Supply of Physician Assistants, Nurse Practitioners, and Certified Nurse-Midwives," The New England Journal of Medicine 331 (1994): 1266-1271; L.H. Aiken and M.E. Salmon, "Health Care Workforce Priorities: What Nursing Should Do Now," Inquiry (Fall 1994): 318-329; C.D. DeAngelis, "Nurse Practitioner Redux," Journal of the American Medical Association 271 (1994): 868-871; Cooper, "Perspectives on the Physician Workforce;" and U.S. Bureau of the Census, Population Projections of the United States by Age, Sex, Race, Hispanic Origin: 1993-2050, Current Population Report P25-1104 (Washington: U.S. Government Printing Office, 1993).
30. Cooper, "Seeking a Balanced Physician Workforce;" BHPr, Health Personnel in the United States, 1991; E.S. Sekscenski et al., "State Practice Environments and the Supply of Physician Assistants, Nurse Practitioners, and Certified Nurse-Midwives," The New England Journal of Medicine 331 (1994): 1266-1271; L.H. Aiken and M.E. Salmon, "Health Care Workforce Priorities: What Nursing Should Do Now," Inquiry (Fall 1994): 318-329; C.D. DeAngelis, "Nurse Practitioner Redux," Journal of the American Medical Association 271 (1994): 868-871; Cooper, "Perspectives on the Physician Workforce;" and U.S. Bureau of the Census, Population Projections of the United States by Age, Sex, Race, Hispanic Origin: 1993-2050, Current Population Report P25-1104 (Washington: U.S. Government Printing Office, 1993).
31. ACA, Chiropractic: State of the Art.
32. Cooper, "Seeking a Balanced Physician Workforce;" and Cooper, "Perspectives on the Physician Workforce. "
33. Cooper, "Seeking a Balanced Physician Workforce;" and Cooper, "Perspectives on the Physician Workforce. "
34. Cooper, "Perspectives on the Physician Workforce."
35. Ibid.; and U.S. Bureau of the Census, Population Projections of the United States by Age, Sex, Race, Hispanic Origin: 1993-2050.
36. Ibid.; and U.S. Bureau of the Census, Population Projections of the United States by Age, Sex, Race, Hispanic Origin: 1993-2050.
37. Cooper, "Perspectives on the Physician Workforce."
38. Ibid.; and Sekscenski et al., "State Practice Environments."
39. Ibid.; and Sekscenski et al., "State Practice Environments."
40. Sekscenski et al., "State Practice Environments."
41. AMCRA, 1995 State Managed Care Legislative Resource.
42. Carton, "Health Insurers Embrace Eye-of-Newt Therapy."
43. AMCRA, 1995 State Managed Care Legislative Resource.
44. ACA, 1994 Annual Survey and Statistical Study.
45. Eisenberg et al., "Unconventional Medicine in the United States;" and Cassileth and Chapman, "Alternative and Complementary Cancer Therapies."
46. Eisenberg et al., "Unconventional Medicine in the United States;" and Cassileth and Chapman, "Alternative and Complementary Cancer Therapies."
47. Eisenberg et al., "Unconventional Medicine in the United States."
48. L. Page, "Manipulative Therapy Gains Interest; DOs Seek More Study," American Medical News, 26 June 1995, 5.
49. J. Borkan et al., "Referrals for Alternative Therapies," Journal of Family Practice 39, no. 6 (1994): 545-550.
50. M. Donaldson, K. Yordy, and N. Vanselow, eds., Defining Primary Care (Washington: National Academy Press, 1994).