Toward granting linguistic competence to apes: A review of savage-rumbaugh et al.'s language comprehension in ape and child

Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior

Volumn 65, Issue 2, 1996, Pages 477-492

  Sundberg, Mark L ^a,b  

^a Behavior Analysts Inc

^b Behavior Analysts Inc   (United States)

Author keywords

Apes; Nonhuman verbal behavior; Novel behavior; Verbal behavior; Verbal comprehension

Indexed keywords

EID: 1542498591     PISSN: 00225002     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1901/jeab.1996.65-477     Document Type: Article

References (80)

1. Alessi, G. (1987). Generative strategies and teaching for generalization. The Analysis of Verbal Behavior, 5, 15-27.
2. Bandura, A. (1969). Principles of behavior modification. New York: Holt, Rinehart & Winston.
3. Becker, W. C. (1986). Applied psychology for teachers: A cognitive behavioral approach. Chicago: Science Research Associates.
4. Brown, R. (1973). A first language: The early stages. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
5. Catania, A. C. (1973). The concept of operant in the analysis of behavior. Behaviorism, 8, 175-186.
6. Catania, A. C., & Cerutti, D. T. (1986). Some nonverbal properties of verbal behavior. In T. Thompson & M. D. Zeiler (Eds.), Analysis and integration of behavior units (pp. 185-211). Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.
7. Catania, A. C., Home, P., & Lowe, C. F. (1989). Transfer of function across members of an equivalence class. The Analysis of Verbal Behavior, 8, 99-110.
8. Chomsky, N. (1988). Language and the problems of knowledge: The Managua. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
9. de Rose, J. C., McIlvane, W. J., Dube, W. V., & Stoddard, L. T. (1988). Stimulus class formation and functional equivalence in moderately retarded individuals' conditional discriminations. Behavioural Processes, 17, 167-175.
10. Dougher, M. J. (1989). A functional analysis of a behavior analyst's functional analysis. The Analysis of Verbal Behavior, 7, 19-23.
11. Dougher, M. J. (1994). Stimulus equivalence, functional equivalence, and the transfer of function. In S. C. Hayes, L. J. Hayes, M. Sato, & K. Ono (Eds.), Behavior analysis of language and cognition (pp. 71-90). Reno, NV: Context Press.
12. Englemann, S., & Carnine, D. (1982). Theory of direct instruction: Principles and applications. New York: Irvington.
13. Epstein, R., Lanza, R. P., & Skinner, B. F. (1980). Symbolic communication between two pigeons (Columba livia domestica). Science, 207, 543-545.
14. Fouts, R. S. (1973). Acquisition and testing of gestural signs in four young chimpanzees. Science, 180, 978-990.
15. Fouts, R. S., Fouts, D. H., & Schoenfeld, D. (1984). Sign language conversational interaction between chimpanzees. Sign Language Studies, 42, 1-12.
16. Fristoe, M., & Lloyd, L. L. (1977). Manual communication for the retarded and others with severe communication impairments: A resource list. Menial Retardation, 15, 18-21.
17. Furness, W. (1916). Observations on the mentality of chimpanzees and orangutans. Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society, 45, 281-290.
18. Fushimi, T. (1994). Acquisition of demand and reject behaviors in a chimpanzee. In S. C. Hayes, L. J. Hayes, M. Sato, & K. Ono (Eds.), Behavior analysis of language and cognition (pp. 123-144). Reno, NV: Context Press.
19. Gardner, B. T., & Gardner, R. A. (1969). Teaching sign language to a chimpanzee. Science, 165, 664-672.
20. Gardner, B. T., & Gardner, R. A. (1971). Two way communication with an infant chimpanzee. In A. M. Schrier & F. Stollnitz (Eds.), Behavior of nonhuman primates (Vol. 4, pp. 117-184). New York: Academic Press.
21. Gewirtz, J. L. (1971). Conditional responding as a paradigm for observational, imitative learning and vicarious-reinforcement. In J. L. Gewirtz (Ed.) Advances in child development and behavior (Vol. 6, pp. 273-304). New York: Academic Press.
22. Hake, D. F., & Mabry, J. (1979). Operant and nonoperant vocal responding in the mynah: Complex schedule control and deprivation-induce responding. Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior, 32, 305-321.
23. Hall, G. A., & Chase, P. N. (1991). The relationship between stimulus equivalence and verbal behavior. The Analysis of Verbal Behavior, 9, 107-119.
24. Hall, G. A., & Sundberg, M. L. (1987). Teaching mands by manipulating conditioned establishing operations. The Analysis of Verbal Behavior, 5, 41-53.
25. Halle, J. (1987). Teaching language in the natural environment: An analysis of spontaneity. Journal of the Association for Persons with Severe Handicaps, 12, 28-37.
26. Hart, B., & Risley, T. R. (1975). Incidental teaching of language in the preschool. Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis, 8, 411-420.
27. Hayes, K. J., & Hayes, C. (1951). The intellectual development of a home-raised chimpanzee. Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society, 95, 105-109.
28. Herman, L. (1987). Receptive competencies of language-trained animals. In J. S. Rosenblatt, C. Beer, M. C. Busnel, & P. J. B. Slater (Eds.), Advances in the study of behavior (Vol. 17, pp. 1-60). New York: Academic Press.
29. Herrnstein, R. J., & Loveland, D. H. (1972). Food-avoidance in hungry pigeons, and other perplexities. Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior, 18, 369-383.
30. Hineline, P. N., & Wacker, D. P. (1993). JEAB November '92: What's in it for the JABA reader? Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis, 26, 269-274.
31. Hineline, P. N., & Wanchisen, B. A. (1989). Correlated hypothesizing and the distinction between contingency-shaped and rule-governed behavior. In S. C. Hayes (Ed.), Rule-governed behavior: Cognition, contingencies, and instructional control (pp. 221-268). New York: Plenum.
32. Kellogg, W. N., & Kellogg, L. A. (1933). The ape and the child. New York: McGraw-Hill.
33. Knapp, T. J. (1990). Verbal Behavior and the history of linguistics. The Analysis of Verbal Behavior, 8, 151-153.
34. Lamarre, J., & Holland, J. G. (1985). The functional independence of mands and tacts. Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior, 43, 3-14.
35. Layng, T. V. J., & Andronis, P. T. (1984). Toward a functional analysis of delusional speech and hallucinatory behavior. The Behavior Analyst, 7, 139-156.
36. Lee, V. L. (1981). Prepositional phrases spoken and heard. Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior, 35, 227-242.
37. Lubinski, D., & MacCorquodale, K. (1984). "Symbolic communication" between two pigeons (Columba livia) without unconditioned reinforcement. Journal of Comparative Psychology, 98, 372-380.
38. Lubinski, D., & Thompson, T. (1987). An animal model of the interpersonal communication of interoceptive (private) states. Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior, 48, 1-15.
39. Mace, F. C. (1994). Basic research needed for stimulating the development of behavioral technologies. Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior, 61, 529-550.
40. Michael, J. (1982). Distinguishing between discriminative and motivational functions of stimuli. Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior, 37, 149-155.
41. Michael, J. (1985). Two kinds of verbal behavior plus a possible third. The Analysis of Verbal Behavior, 3, 1-4.
42. Michael, J. (1993). Establishing operations. The Behavior Analyst, 16, 191-206.
43. Michael, J., Whitley, P., & Hesse, B. E. (1983). The pigeon parlance project. The Analysis of Verbal Behavior, 2, 6-9.
44. Moerk, E. L. (1992). First language: Taught and learned. Baltimore: Paul H. Brookes.
45. Moore, J. (1991). A retrospective appreciation of Willard Day's contribution to radical behaviorism and the analysis of verbal behavior. The Analysis of Verbal Behavior, 9, 97-104.
46. Oah, S., & Dickinson, A. M. (1989). A review of empirical studies of verbal behavior. The Analysis of Verbal Behavior, 7, 53-68.
47. Page, S., & Neuringer, A. (1985). Variability is an operant. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, 115, 62-75.
48. Parrott, L. J. (1984). Listening and understanding. The Behavior Analyst, 7, 29-39.
49. Patterson, P., & Linden, E. (1981). The education of Koko. New York: Holt, Rinehart, & Winston.
50. Pepperberg, I. M. (1981). Functional vocalizations by an African gray parrot (Psittacus erithacus). Zeitschrift für Tierpsychologie, 55, 139-160.
51. Pinker, S. (1994). The language instinct: How the mind creates language. New York: William Morrow.
52. Premack, D. (1970). A functional analysis of language. Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior, 14, 107-125.
53. Premack, D. (1976). Intelligence in ape and man. Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.
54. Rumbaugh, D. M. (1977). Language learning by a chimpanzee. New York: Academic Press.
55. Rumbaugh, D. M., Gill, T. V., & von Glasersfeld, E. C. (1973). Reading and sentence completion by a chimpanzee (Pan). Science, 182, 731-733.
56. Rumbaugh, D. M., von Glasersfeld, E. C., Warner, H., Pisani, P. P., Gill, T. V., & Bell, C. L. (1973). A computer controlled language training system for investigating the language skills of young apes. Behavioral Research Methods and Instrumentation, 5, 385-392.
57. Salzinger, K. (1994). The LAD was a lady, or the mother of all language learning: A review of Moerk's First Language: Taught and Learned. Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior, 62, 323-329.
58. Savage-Rumbaugh, E. S. (1984). Verbal behavior at the procedural level in the chimpanzee. Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior, 41, 223-250.
59. Savage-Rumbaugh, E. S. (1990). Language acquisition in a nonhuman species: Implications for the innateness debate. Developmental Psychobiology, 23, 599-620.
60. Schoneberger, T. (1990). Understanding and the listener: Conflicting views. The Analysis of Verbal Behavior, 9, 141-150.
61. Schusterman, R. L., & Krieger, K. (1986). Artificial language comprehension and size transposition by a California sea lion (Zalpohus californianus). Journal of Comparative Psychology, 100, 348-355.
62. Sevcik, R. A., Romski, M. A., & Wilkenson, K. (1991). Roles of graphic symbols in the language acquisition process for persons with severe cognitive disabilities. Journal of Augmentative and Alternative Communication, 7, 161-170.
63. Shafer, E. (1993). Teaching topography-based and stimulus selection-based verbal behavior to developmentally disabled individuals: Some considerations. The Analysis of Verbal Behavior, 11, 117-133.
64. Sidman, M. (1960). Tactics of scientific research. Boston: Authors Cooperative.
65. Sidman, M., Wynne, C. K., Maguire, R. W., & Barnes, T. (1989). Functional classes and equivalence relations. Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior, 52, 261-274.
66. Skinner, B. F. (1935). The generic nature of the concepts of stimulus and response. Journal of General Psychology, 12, 40-65.
67. Skinner, B. F. (1936). The verbal summator and a method for the study of latent speech. Journal of Psychology, 2, 71-107.
68. Skinner, B. F. (1956). A case history in scientific method. American Psychologist, 11, 221-223.
69. Skinner, B. F. (1957). Verbal behavior. New York: Appleton-Century-Crofts.
70. Skinner, B. F. (1989). The behavior of the listener. In S. C. Hayes (Ed.), Rule-governed behavior: Cognition, contingencies and instructional control (pp. 85-96). New York: Plenum.
71. Stemmer, N. (1992). The behavior of the listener, generic extensions, and the communicative adequacy of verbal behavior. The Analysis of Verbal Behavior, 10, 69-80.
72. Sundberg, M. L. (1985). Teaching verbal behavior to pigeons. The Analysis of Verbal Behavior, 3, 11-17.
73. Sundberg, M. L. (1991). 301 research topics from Skinner's book Verbal Behavior. The Analysis of Verbal Behavior, 9, 81-96.
74. Sundberg, M. L., San Juan, B., Dawdy, M., & Arguelles, M. (1990). The acquisition of tacts, mands, and intraverbals by individuals with traumatic brain injury. The Analysis of Verbal Behavior, 8, 83-99.
75. Terrace, H. S. (1979a). Is problem solving language? [A review of Premack's book Intelligence in Ape and Man.] Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior, 31, 161-175.
76. Terrace, H. S. (1979b). Nim. New York: Knopf.
77. Terrace, H. S., Pettito, L. A., Sanders, R. J., & Bever, T. G. (1979). Can an ape create a sentence? Science, 206, 891-900.
78. Terrace, H. S., Straub, R. O., Bever, T. G., & Seidenberg, M. S. (1977). Representation of a sequence by a pigeon. Bulletin of the Psychometric Society, 10, 269.
79. Thompson, C. R., & Church, R. M. (1980). An explanation of the language of a chimpanzee. Science, 208, 313-314.
80. Warren, S. F., & Gadzag, G. (1990). Facilitating early language development with milieu intervention procedures. Journal of Early Intervention, 14, 62-86.